SEPTA subway–surface trolley lines

"Green Line (Philadelphia)" redirects here. For other green lines, see Green Line. For the proposed rail system, see Greenline (Pennsylvania).

The SEPTA subway–surface trolley lines are a collection of five SEPTA trolley lines that operate on street-level tracks in West Philadelphia and Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and also underneath Market Street in Philadelphia's Center City. The lines, Routes 10, 11, 13, 34, and 36, collectively operate on about 39.6 miles (63.7 km) of route.^[2]

Subway–Surface Trolleys (T)
A Route 11 (T4) trolley at Drexel Station at 30th Street
Overview
Locale	Philadelphia, Yeadon, and Darby, Pennsylvania
Termini	13th Street (all lines) Overbrook (Route 10) Darby (Routes 11, 13) Angora (Route 34) Eastwick (Route 36)
Stations	8 underground stations 8 major surface stations
Website	septa.org/schedules/T
Service
Type	Trolley
System	SEPTA Metro
Services	Route 10  Route 34  Route 13  Route 11  Route 36
Operator(s)	SEPTA City Transit Division
Depot(s)	Callowhill, Elmwood
Rolling stock	Kawasaki Type K LRV cars
Daily ridership	31,894 (FY 2023)[1]
History
Opened	1906 (1906)
Technical
Line length	39.6 miles (63.7 km)[2]
Character	Underground and surface
Track gauge	5 ft 2+1⁄4 in (1,581 mm) Pennsylvania trolley gauge[3][4]
Electrification	Overhead line, 600 V DC
Route map Show interactive map Legend SEPTA Main Line to Glenside to Frankford T.C. 13th Street City Hall 15th Street Suburban 19th Street 22nd Street Schuylkill River Northeast Corridor 30th Street Station 30th Street Harrisburg Subdivision NEC/Keystone Corridor 32nd Street Tunnel 33rd Street to 69th Street T.C. to Overbrook via Lancaster Ave 36th Street Portal 36th Street 37th Street 40th Street Portal to Angora via Baltimore Ave to Darby via Chester Ave to Eastwick via Elmwood Ave to Darby via Woodland Ave This diagram: view talk edit Show route diagram map

Like Boston's Green Line and San Francisco's Muni Metro, the SEPTA trolley line is the descendant of a pre-World War II streetcar system. It also shares many similarities with the premetro and stadtbahn systems of continental Europe. Where Boston and San Francisco's systems use longer, articulated LRT vehicles, Philadelphia uses rigid vehicles roughly 4 feet (1,219 mm) longer than the PCC streetcar they replaced. The lines use Kawasaki Type K LRVs delivered in 1981–82. The cars are similar to those on the Media–Sharon Hill Line 100 series, SEPTA's suburban trolley routes, which were delivered around the same time. However, the subway–surface cars are single-ended and use trolley poles, while the suburban lines use double ended cars and pantographs for power collection.

In 2023, SEPTA signed a contract with Alstom for 130 new low-floor streetcars to be delivered. These cars are scheduled to be delivered from 2027 through 2030.

Route description

Center City

The subway opened for passenger service December 15, 1906.^[5]

Starting from their eastern terminus at 13th Street station near City Hall, the trolleys loop around in a tunnel under City Hall before stopping under Dilworth Park at 15th Street station and then realign back under Market Street.

All five routes also stop at 19th Street, 22nd Street, 30th Street Station, and 33rd Street, which are all underground stations. From 15th to 30th Streets, they run in the same tunnel as SEPTA's Market–Frankford Line, which runs express on the inner tracks while the trolleys utilize the outer ones.

Passengers may transfer free of charge to the Market–Frankford Line at 13th, 15th, and 30th Streets, as well as to the Broad Street Line at 15th Street. Connections to the Regional Rail are also available via underground passageways connecting 13th and 15th Street stations to Suburban Station, one of the city's main commuter rail terminals.

University City

After traveling under the Schuylkill River, the trolley lines provide access to 30th Street Station, the Philadelphia area's main intercity rail and commuter rail station, located across the street from the trolley and rapid transit station. Connections are available to SEPTA Regional Rail, many Amtrak services, and New Jersey Transit's Atlantic City Line. An underground passageway that connects these two stations was closed in the 1980s due to safety concerns.^[6] In 2016, the 30th Street Station District proposed overhauling both 30th Street Station and SEPTA's trolley and Market-Frankford Line stations including, by public demand, reopening the tunnel that connects the two (currently separate) stations. Presently, passengers connecting to and from the subway–surface lines and Market-Frankford Line must walk outside to cross the busy 30th Street, and enter the other station. The timeline called for the tunnel overhaul to be part of Phase 1 and thus completed by 2020.^[7]

All routes then stop at 33rd Street, near Drexel University. After this stop, Route 10 diverts from the other routes and emerges from the tunnel at the 36th Street Portal just south of Market Street, then turns north onto 36th Street and then northwest along Lancaster Avenue and other surface streets. The other four lines make underground stops at 36th and Sansom streets and 37th and Spruce streets on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania before surfacing at the 40th Street Portal near Baltimore Avenue, heading southwest on surface streets.

Points south and west

The Route 11 line travels along Woodland Avenue in Philadelphia and Main Street in Darby. It crosses a CSX Transportation railroad line at grade, one of very few at-grade crossing between a trolley line and a major freight rail line in the United States. (Another belongs to the TECO streetcar system in Tampa, Florida.)^[8][9]

A crash on December 9, 2021, between car 9070 and a CSX freight train resulted in injuries to 7 passengers.^[10]

Diversion services

All five trolleys can be diverted onto auxiliary surface tracks west of the 40th Street Portal when tunnels are closed due to maintenance, an accident, or some other obstruction.

Tracks for Route 10 start at Lancaster Avenue (Route 10) and proceed southbound along 40th Street. At Market Street, the line connects to the Market–Frankford Line at its 40th Street station. The surface tracks continue southbound to Spruce Street, where they split either eastbound or westbound. Westbound tracks run to 42nd Street where they turn south to either Baltimore Avenue (Route 34), Chester Avenue (Route 13), or Woodland Avenue (Routes 11 and 36).

Tracks for the other four routes run northbound along 42nd Street, then turning east onto Spruce Street and then north onto 38th Street (US 13). From here, they travel to Filbert Street, then turn left and cross the 40th Street tracks. When Filbert Street terminates at 41st Street, the tracks turn right, and head north until reaching Lancaster Avenue.^[11]

Another set of diversionary trolley tracks begin near the 49th Street Regional Rail station, connecting Chester Avenue to Woodland Avenue (where Routes 11 and 36 separate) by way of 49th Street.

History

College Hall and Logan Hall on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania, as viewed from Woodland Avenue c. 1892.

Schematic map of subway–surface branches and termini

The subway–surface lines are remnants of the far more extensive streetcar system that developed in Philadelphia after the arrival of electric trolleys in 1892. Several dozen traction companies were consolidated in 1902 into the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company. The PRT funneled the West Philadelphia lines into subway tunnels as they approached the city center. After the PRT declared bankruptcy in 1939, it was reopened as the Philadelphia Transportation Company (PTC), which was absorbed into SEPTA in 1968.^[12]

In October 2006, University of Pennsylvania's class of 1956 funded the construction of an innovative portal for one of the eastbound entrances of the 37th Street station: a replica of a Peter Witt trolley of the kind manufactured by J. G. Brill and Company from 1923 to 1926. Operated by the Philadelphia Transportation Company, these trolleys brought university students to the campus and to Center City until 1956. Routes 11, 34 and 37 ran through the Penn campus on Woodland Avenue and Locust Streets for nearly 65 years. In 1956, the trolley route was buried to enable the university to unify its campus, with Woodland Avenue and Locust Street becoming pedestrian walkways.

The subway–surface lines operated "Lifeline Service" due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of April 2020, Route 34 was completely suspended, and the remaining routes bypassed the 36th Street, 33rd Street, 19th Street, and 13th Street stations in the Market Street tunnel. Service on Route 34 resumed on May 17, 2020. Service to the closed stations resumed in June 2020.^[13][14]

In 2021, SEPTA proposed rebranding their rail transit service as "SEPTA Metro", to make the system easier to navigate. Under this proposal, the subway–surface lines will be rebranded as the "T" lines with a green color and numeric suffixes for each service. The 10, 34, 13, 11, and 36 would respectively become the T1 Lancaster Avenue, T2 Baltimore Avenue, T3 Chester Avenue, T4 Woodland Avenue, and T5 Elmwood Avenue.^[15][16]

• 
  Proposed new logo for the subway–surface lines under the SEPTA Metro wayfinding project^[16]
• 
  Proposed new logo for Route 10 under the SEPTA Metro wayfinding project^[16]
• 
  Proposed new logo for Route 34 under the SEPTA Metro wayfinding project^[16]
• 
  Proposed new logo for Route 13 under the SEPTA Metro wayfinding project^[16]
• 
  Proposed new logo for Route 11 under the SEPTA Metro wayfinding project^[16]
• 
  Proposed new logo for Route 36 under the SEPTA Metro wayfinding project^[16]

Rolling stock

Active fleet

Main article: Kawasaki Type K LRV

Year built	Manufacturer	Model	Image	Length	Width	Routes served	Quantity
1980–1982	Kawasaki	Series 9000 (K-car)		50 ft (15 m)	102 in (2.59 m)	10, 11, 13, 34, 36	111 (1 scrapped)[17]

The entire subway–surface network is run using Kawasaki Series 9000 light rail vehicles, nicknamed "K-cars". These K-cars are the only modern unidirectional streetcars in the United States, featuring a single cab and doors on the right side only. Introduced in the early-1980s, they replaced the PCC streetcar which had served Philadelphia in one form or another since 1940. While the other American subway–surface systems, the MBTA Green Line and Muni Metro, collaborated with Boeing on the SLRV, Philadelphia was able to avoid that vehicle's misfortune due to the system's delays in deciding on a vehicle and finalizing funding.

No vehicles have been added to the fleet since the 1980s, but the fleet was refurbished by SEPTA staff around 2000.^[18] Vehicles include air conditioning, large windows, door-opening sensors for the rear doors, and an automated system to display and announce upcoming stops.

K-Car no. 9000 was painted in a special heritage scheme in March 2024.^[19]

Future rolling stock

In 2023, SEPTA awarded Alstom Transportation a $714.2 million contract to furbish 130 new low-floor trolleys,^[20] with an option for 30 more. The trolleys will be of Alstom's Citadis family and will be 80 feet in length and fully ADA-compliant, which the current Kawasaki trolleys from the early 1980's are not. The trolleys will be distributed among SEPTA's subway–surface lines and its Route 15 in Philadelphia, and its Routes 101 and 102 in neighboring Delaware County. The first trolley is expected to be delivered from Alstom in the Spring of 2027, with the last trolley to be delivered some time in 2030.

Routes

All routes terminate at 15th Street station between 12:30 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. when 13th Street is closed. On Sunday evenings and during unexpected diversions, all routes are diverted to surface streets and terminate at 40th and Filbert Streets and then are directed to walk a quarter of a block south on 40th Street to the Market-Frankford Line at 40th Street station. Former trolley routes, which have since been replaced with bus service, are shaded in gray.

Routes 11 and 34 do not have overnight service.

Route	Length in miles (km)[21]	Service began	Service ended	Western terminus	Eastern terminus	Main streets of travel	Depot	Notes
10	5.9 (9.5)	c. 1887		Overbrook: 63rd–Malvern	Center City: 15th–Market (12:30-5:00am) 40th–Market (Sundays after 10pm) 13th–Market (all other times)	63rd Street, Lansdowne Avenue, Lancaster Avenue	Callowhill
11	6.7 (10.8)	1858		Darby Transportation Center		Woodland Avenue	Elmwood
13	6.9 (11.1)					Chester Avenue	Elmwood	Some trips terminate at Yeadon Loop in Yeadon
30			1915	Haddington: 65th & Vine Streets		Haverford Avenue, Vine Street	Callowhill	Rerouted and replaced by bus service
31			1956	Overbrook Park: Lansdowne & Haverford Avenues Loop		63rd Street, Market Street	Callowhill	Replaced by bus service
34	4.8 (7.7)	1890		Angora: 61st–Baltimore		Baltimore Avenue	Elmwood
36	7.0 (11.3)	1904		Eastwick: 80th–Eastwick		Island Avenue, Elmwood Avenue	Elmwood	Some trips terminate at 73rd–Elmwood station in Eastwick
37			1955	Chester: 3rd & Crosby Streets		Industrial Highway, Eastwick Avenue, Woodland Avenue	Woodland	Replaced by bus service
38			1955	Parkside: 48th Street & Parkside Avenue Loop		Parkside Avenue, 40th Street, Baring Street	Callowhill	Replaced by bus service

The interior of a route 34 trolley in the Center City tunnel

Trolley entering the tunnel at 36th St Portal

See also

• Philadelphia portal

• Pennsylvania gauge
• SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes
• West Philadelphia Streetcar Suburb Historic District

References

1. "Route Operating Statistics". Retrieved May 6, 2024.
2. Smith, Bill W. Jr. (November 2011). "U.S. Urban Rail Transit Lines Opened From 1980" (PDF). SEPTA.org. pp. 1–100. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
3. "The history of trolley cars and routes in Philadelphia". SEPTA. June 1, 1974. p. 2. Retrieved June 11, 2014. An early city ordinance prescribed that all tracks were to have a gauge of 5' 2¹⁄₄".
4. Hilton, George W.; Due, John Fitzgerald (January 1, 2000). The Electric Interurban Railways in America. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804740142. Retrieved June 10, 2014. Worst of all, not all city systems were built to the standard American and European gauge of 4'-8¹⁄₂". Pittsburgh and most other Pennsylvania cities used 5'-2¹⁄₂", which became known as the Pennsylvania trolley gauge. Cincinnati used 5'-2¹⁄₂", Philadelphia 5'-2¹⁄₄", Columbus 5'-2", Altoona 5'-3", Louisville and Camden 5'-0", Canton and Pueblo 4'-0", Denver, Tacoma, and Los Angeles 3'-6", Toronto an odd 4'-10⁷⁄₈", and Baltimore a vast 5'-4¹⁄₂".
5. Springirth, Kenneth C. (September 29, 2008). Southeastern Pennsylvania Trolleys. Arcadia Publishing. p. 91. ISBN 978-0738556925. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
6. Saffron, Inga (March 7, 2003). "Subway riders get shortchanged at 30th St. Station". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
7. "30th Street Station District draft plan: Reopen SEPTA tunnel by 2020, cap rail yards by 2050". PlanPhilly | 30th Street Station District draft plan: Reopen SEPTA tunnel by 2020, cap rail yards by 2050. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
8. Philadelphia Transit; Streetcars;Route 11 (Kavanaugh Transit Systems)
9. David Wilson (July 6, 2003). 20030706 26 Main St. Crossing CSXT in Darby (6071320235) (photograph). Retrieved December 31, 2015.
10. "6 People Injured in Accident Involving SEPTA Trolley, CSX Freight Train in Darby". December 9, 2021.
11. SEPTA trolley lines map
12. "Studio 34's Eponymous Trolley, or, A Short History of Route 34". Retrieved March 11, 2008.
13. "Service Information". SEPTA. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
14. "SEPTA Transit Network Lifeline Service Schedule" (PDF). SEPTA. April 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
15. Vitarelli, Alicia; Staff (September 7, 2021). "SEPTA Metro? Transit agency mulling big changes including new name, map, and signage". Philadelphia, PA: WPVI-TV. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
16. "Wayfinding Recommendations". SEPTA. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
17. "nycsubway.org: SEPTA Subway-Surface Streetcar Lines". www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
18. "Philadelphia Trolley Tracks: History of the 1980 Kawasaki trolleys". www.phillytrolley.org. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
19. @SEPTA_SOCIAL (March 14, 2024). "SEPTA_SOCIAL on X: "SEPTA has painted Kawasaki LRV No. 9000 into its original historic paint scheme. LRV 9000 entered service on the Route 11 in November 1980. We would like to thank Woodland Shops dedication employees for doing a magnificent job on this car!"". X, formerly known as Twitter. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
20. "SEPTA Board Awards Contract for Purchase of New Trolley Fleet | SEPTA". Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority. February 23, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
21. "SEPTA - Spring 2012 Route Statistics" (PDF). Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority. 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2013.

External links

Template:Attached KML/SEPTA City Trolley

KML is from Wikidata

• SEPTA subway and trolley schedules
• Map of subway–surface lines in West Philadelphia
• Tramway, Light Railway and LRT in Philadelphia (PublicTransit.US)
• Transit Systems in Philadelphia and Southeast Pennsylvania Electric Railway map (Chicago Railfan.net)
• WorldNYCSubway.org – SEPTA Subway–Surface Streetcar Lines
• A Better Subway Surface System