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Military unit From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 53rd Test and Evaluation Group is a group of the United States Air Force. It is a part of the 53rd Wing, and is headquartered at Nellis AFB, Nevada.[2]
| 53rd Test and Evaluation Group | |
|---|---|
.jpg) 31 TES F-35A Lightning II[note 1] | |
| Active | 1942–1947, 1955–1960, 1988–present |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Test and evaluation |
| Part of | Air Combat Command |
| Garrison/HQ | Nellis AFB |
| Engagements | Mediterranean Theater of Operations World War II Army of Occupation |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Air Force Organizational Excellence Award |
| Insignia | |
| 53rd Wing Emblem[note 2] |  |
| 79th Fighter Group emblem[1][note 3] |  |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Attack | A-10 |
| Bomber | B-1, B-2, B-52 |
| Fighter | F-15C & E, F-16, F-22 |
| Multirole helicopter | HH-60 |
| Reconnaissance | MQ-1, RQ-4, U-2 |
The Group was originally activated in 1942 as the 79th Pursuit Group (Interceptor), becoming the 79th Fighter Group (Single Engine) a few months later. Later that year it moved overseas to Egypt, where it was assigned to Ninth Air Force and participated in combat in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Italy until April 1945. After the end of World War II, it became part of the Army of Occupation until it was inactivated in 1947.
The group was activated again in 1955 as the 79th Fighter Group (Air Defense) as part of a program of Air Defense Command (ADC) to replace its air defense groups with fighter units with distinguished records in World War II. It provided air defense of the Great Lakes region until it was inactivated in 1960.
In 1988, Tactical Air Command activated the 4443rd Test and Evaluation Group as an operational test unit at Eglin AFB, an Air Force Systems Command (AFSC) base that was home to AFSC's Armament Center. In December 1991, as the USAF eliminated its Major Command controlled (MAJCON) four-digit units, the 79th was consolidated with the 4443rd, and the combined unit was designated the 79th Test and Evaluation Group. In 1998, as a result of USAF policy that subordinate groups carry the same number as their parent wing, the 79th TEG was inactivated and replaced by the newly constituted 53rd Test and Evaluation Group. In 1999, the unit moved from Eglin AFB to Nellis AFB, Less than two years later, USAF consolidated the 79th and 53rd TEGs to provide one continuous history to its weapons test and evaluation group.
The unit consists of seven squadrons, two detachments, and a named flight. Its mission is to manage the flying activities of the 53rd wing at Barksdale, Beale, Creech, Dyess, Edwards, Eglin, Nellis, and Whiteman Air Force bases.[2]
The group consists of seven squadrons, two direct detachments, and a named flight. These units perform tactical development, operational tests, and evaluations for Air Combat Command.[2] In addition, the group assists the Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center with testing and operating the YAL-1 Airborne Laser, MQ-9, and F-35A.[2]
The group includes three detachments which are not part of the regular squadron structure:
The group includes one named flight:
The group was constituted as 79th Pursuit Group (Interceptor) on 13 January 1942 and activated at Dale Mabry Field, Florida on 9 February 1942, drawing its personnel from the 56th and 81st Fighter Groups.[3] its original squadrons were the 85th,[4] 86th,[5] and 87th Pursuit Squadrons.[6] The group was redesignated the 79th Fighter Group (Single Engine) in May 1942. The group trained in the United States, then moved to Egypt by sea via Brazil in October–November 1942,[3] where it became part of Ninth Air Force.[7]
The group trained with P-40 Warhawks's while moving westward in the wake of the British drive across Egypt and Libya to Tunisia.[7] Although many of the group's pilots flew combat missions with other organizations, the 79th group itself did not begin combat operations until March 1943.[7] By escorting bombers, attacking enemy shipping, and supporting ground forces, the 79th took part in the Allied operations that defeated Axis forces in North Africa, captured Pantelleria, and conquered Sicily.[7] The group was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its support of British Eighth Army during that period, March–August 1943.[7]
The group was assigned to Twelfth Air Force in August 1943 and continued to support the British Eighth Army by attacking troop concentrations, gun positions, bridges, roads, and rail lines in southern Italy.[7] It operated in the area of the Anzio beachhead, from January to March 1944. The group participated in the drive on Rome, from March to June 1944, and converted to P-47 Thunderbolts during that time.[7] It flew escort and strafing missions in southern France during August and September 1944, and afterward returned to Italy and engaged in interdictory and close support operations in northern Italy.[7] The group received a second DUC for numerous missions flown at minimum altitude in intense flak to help pierce the enemy line at the Santerno River in Italy in April 1945.[7]
79th Ftr Gp
The group remained overseas as part of United States Air Forces in Europe after the war as part of the occupation force.[7] It was transferred, without personnel and equipment, to the US in June 1947 and inactivated on 15 July 1947.[7]
The group was redesignated the 79th Fighter Group (Air Defense), assigned to ADC and activated on 18 August 1955 at Youngstown MAP, Ohio[7] as part of ADC's Project Arrow, which was designed to bring back on the active list the fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars.[12] At Youngstown, the group assumed the personnel and equipment of the 502nd Air Defense Group, which was simultaneously inactivated.[13] The group provided air defense over eastern Ohio as part of 30th Air Division of ADC's Central Air Defense Force and acted as the host unit for the Air Force portion of Youngstown MAP. The 79th was assigned several support organizations to fulfill this responsibility.[14][15][16] One of the group's original components, the 86th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (FIS), flying radar equipped and rocket armed North American F-86D Sabres was already stationed at Youngstown and transferred from the 502nd.[17]
In September 1957 the 86th FIS traded its Sabres for Convair F-102 Delta Dagger aircraft equipped with data link for interception control through the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment system.[17] The Air Force transferred command of Youngstown MAP from ADC to Continental Air Command on 1 March 1960 and the 79th Fighter Group and its components inactivated that date.[18]
79th Test and Evaluation Group
4443rd Test and Evaluation Group
53rd Test and Evaluation Group
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Support Units
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Test Units
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| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Distinguished Unit Citation | March 1943-17 August 1943 | 79th Fighter Group, North Africa and Sicily[7] |
| Distinguished Unit Citation | 16 April 1945–20 April 1945 | 79th Fighter Group, Italy[7] |
 | Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 April 1989-31 March 1991 | 4443rd Test & Evaluation Group (later 79th Test & Evaluation Group)[22] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 June 1994-31 May 1996 | 79th Test & Evaluation Group[22] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 June 1998-31 May 2000 | 79th Test & Evaluation Group (later 53rd Test & Evaluation Group)[22] |
 | Air Force Organizational Excellence Award | 1 January 1992-31 December 1993 | 79th Test and Evaluation Group[22] |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Air Combat, EAME Theater | 79th Fighter Group[7] | |
| Egypt-Libya | 79th Fighter Group[7] | |
| Tunisia | 79th Fighter Group[7] | |
| Sicily | 79th Fighter Group[7] | |
| Naples-Foggia | 79th Fighter Group[7] | |
| Anzio | 79th Fighter Group[7] | |
| Rome-Arno | 79th Fighter Group[7] | |
| Southern France | 79th Fighter Group[7] | |
| Northern Apennines | 79th Fighter Group[7] | |
| Po Valley | 79th Fighter Group[7] | |
 | World War II Army of Occupation | 2 May 1945 – 25 June 1947 | 79th Fighter Group[7] |
Additionally, the group has flying hours assigned to the B-2 Spirit bomber, RQ-4 Global Hawk, and Lockheed U-2.
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