The year 1980 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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- First four (ankle) bones of "Little Foot" (Stw 573), a nearly complete young female Australopithecus fossil skeleton capable of walking upright are found in the cave system of Sterkfontein, South Africa, eventually dated at around 3.67 million years BP but not identified at this time.[18]
- German physician Klaus von Klitzing, working at the high magnetic field laboratory in Grenoble with silicon-based samples developed by Michael Pepper and Gerhard Dorda, makes the unexpected discovery that the Hall conductivity is exactly quantized, the Quantum Hall effect.
- January 2 – Alexandra Illmer Forsythe (b. 1918), American computer scientist.
- January 3 – Joy Adamson (b. 1910), Silesian-born Kenyan wildlife conservationist (murdered).
- January 8 – John Mauchly (b. 1907), American co-inventor of the ENIAC computer.
- February 1 – Toshiko Yuasa (b. 1909), Japanese-born nuclear physicist.
- February 7 – Secondo Campini (b. 1904), Italian jet engine pioneer.
- March 18 – Ludwig Guttmann (b. 1899), German-born British neurologist and pioneer of paralympic games.
- May 28 – Rolf Nevanlinna (b. 1895), Finnish mathematician.
- June 18 – Kazimierz Kuratowski (b. 1896), Polish mathematician.
- July 1 – C. P. Snow (b. 1905), English physicist and novelist.
- August 29 – Franco Basaglia (b. 1924), Italian psychiatrist.
- October 18 – Hans Ferdinand Mayer (b. 1895), German physicist.
- October 21 – Hans Asperger (b. 1906), Austrian pediatrician.
- October 31 – Elizebeth Smith Friedman (b. 1892), American cryptanalyst.
- November 4 – Elsie MacGill (b. 1905), Canadian aeronautical engineer, "Queen of the Hurricanes".
- December 16 – Hellmuth Walter (b. 1900), German-born mechanical engineer and inventor.
Mizushima, K.; Jones, P. C.; Wiseman, P. J.; Goodenough, J. B. (June 1980). "LixCoO2 (0<x≪-1): A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density". Materials Research Bulletin. 15 (6): 783–789. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(80)90012-4. S2CID 97799722.
Lueg, Christopher; Fisher, Danyel, eds. (2003). From Usenet to CoWebs: interacting with social information spaces. London: Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-532-8.
Mayes, R.; Horwitz, A. V. (2005). "DSM-III and the revolution in the classification of mental illness". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 41 (3): 249–67. doi:10.1002/jhbs.20103. PMID 15981242.
"MRI Scanner (1980)". Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Scheme. Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board. 2011-06-02. Retrieved 2012-01-06.