The year 1910 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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- February 3 – The first pyloromyotomy, a surgery to correct the congenital narrowing (in infants) of the path between the stomach and the intestines (pyloric stenosis) is performed in Edinburgh by Sir Harold Stiles; however, the procedure is named for Dr. Wilhelm Ramstedt, who performs the surgery in 1911.[11]
- March – International Psychoanalytical Association established.
- March 20 – The first clinic for treatment of occupational diseases is opened in Milan (Italy). (The first in the United States will be established in 1915.)[12]
- May 18 – At the annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of the Feeble-Minded, Henry H. Goddard introduces a system for classifying individuals with mental retardation based on intelligence quotient (IQ): moron for those with an IQ of 51–70, imbecile for those with an IQ of 26–50, and idiot for those with an IQ of 0-25.
- July 15 – Publication of the eighth edition of Emil Kraepelin's Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Arzte, naming Alzheimer's disease as a variety of dementia.[13]
- October (approx.) – Approximate date of origin of Manchurian plague, a form of pneumonic plague which by December is spreading through northeastern China, killing more than 40,000.[14][15][16]
- Thomas Hunt Morgan discovers that genes are located on chromosomes.
- Chicago cardiologist James B. Herrick makes the first published identification of sickle cells in the blood of a patient with anemia.[17]
- Platelets are first named by James Homer Wright.[18]
- Peyton Rous demonstrates that a malignant tumor can be transmitted by a virus (which becomes known as the Rous sarcoma virus, a retrovirus).[19][20]
- Hans Christian Jacobaeus of Sweden performs the first thoracoscopic diagnosis with a cystoscope.[21][22]
- January 12–13 – Lee De Forest conducts an experimental broadcast of part of a live performance of Tosca and, the next day, a performance with the participation of the Italian tenor Enrico Caruso from the stage of Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.[23][24]
- February 17 – A patent for the first safety catch (firearms) is filed by the Browning Arms Company in the United States.[25]
- February 25 – Thomas Edison's "trolleyless street car", powered by storage batteries rather than by overhead electric wires, is publicly demonstrated on New York City's 29th Street horse car tracks.[26]
- March 28 – Henri Fabre makes the first flights in a seaplane, at Martigues, France.
- June 7 – William G. Allen of the Allen Manufacturing Company is granted a United States patent for a hex key.[27]
- October – First publication of infrared photographs, by American optical physicist Robert W. Wood in the Royal Photographic Society's Journal.
- December 3–18 – Georges Claude demonstrates the first modern neon light at the Paris Motor Show.
- Lieutenant-Colonel Dr. George Owen Squier of the United States Army invents telephone carrier multiplexing.
- Completion of Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad's Paulinskill Viaduct on its Lackawanna Cut-Off, the world's largest reinforced concrete structure at this time, built under the supervision of Lincoln Bush, its chief engineer.[28]
- January 20 – Friederike Victoria Gessner, later Joy Adamson (murdered 1980), Austrian-born wildlife conservationist.[30]
- February 9 – Jacques Monod (died 1976), French biochemist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965.
- February 13 – William Shockley (died 1989), American physicist.
- March 11 – Robert Havemann (died 1982), German chemist.
- May 3 – Helen M. Duncan (died 1971), American geologist and paleontologist
- May 12 – Dorothy Hodgkin (died 1994), British chemist.
- June 11 – Jacques Cousteau (died 1997), French oceanographer.
- July 16 – David Lack (died 1973), English ornithologist.
- August 18 – Pál Turán (died 1976), Hungarian mathematician.
- August 28 – C. Doris Hellman (died 1973), American historian of science.
- September 1 – Pierre Bézier (died 1999), French engineer.
- October 11 – Cahit Arf (died 1997), Turkish mathematician.
- October 27 – Margaret Hutchinson Rousseau (died 2000), American chemical engineer.
- October 31 – Victor Rothschild (died 1990), British polymath.
- December 24 – Bill Pickering (died 2004), New Zealand-born head of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Ridpath, Ian (1985). "Through the comet's tail". Revised extracts from "A Comet Called Halley", published by Cambridge University Press in 1985. Retrieved 2011-06-19.
Bax, N. M. A.; et al. (2008). Endoscopic Surgery in Infants and Children. Springer. p. 281.
Fielding, H. Garrison (1917). An Introduction to the History of Medicine: With Medical Chronology, Suggestions for Study and Bibliographic Data. W.B. Saunders Co. p. 775.
Jacobaeus, Hans Christian (1911). "The Possibilities for Performing Cystoscopy in Examinations of Serous Cavities". Münchner Medizinischen Wochenschrift.
Hatzinger, Martin; et al. (4 December 2006). "Hans Christian Jacobaeus: Inventor of Human Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy". Journal of Endourology. 20 (11): 848–850. doi:10.1089/end.2006.20.848. PMID 17144849.
Thompson, Sanford E. (1915). Concrete in Railroad Construction: A Treatise ... Atlas Portland Cement Company. p. 36.