The year 1898 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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- Ladislaus Bortkiewicz publishes a book about the Poisson distribution, The Law of Small Numbers,[8] first noting that events with low frequency in a large population follow a Poisson distribution even when the probabilities of the events vary.
- January 10 – Katharine Burr Blodgett (died 1979), American physicist and chemist.
- February – Guy Stewart Callendar (died 1964), English-Canadian thermodynamic engineer and climatologist.
- February 11 – Leó Szilárd (died 1964), Hungarian-American physicist.
- February 25 – William Astbury (died 1961), English physicist and molecular biologist.
- March 3 – Emil Artin (died 1962), Austrian-born mathematician.
- June 26 – Willy Messerschmitt (died 1978), German aeronautical engineer.
- July 29 – Isidor Isaac Rabi (died 1988), Galician-born American physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for invention of the atomic beam magnetic resonance method of measuring magnetic properties of atoms and molecules.
- August 1 – Mildred Creak (died 1993), English child psychologist.
- August 3 – Karl Kehrle (Brother Adam, died 1996), German-born Benedictine monk and beekeeper.
- August 28 – Albert Claude (died 1983), Belgian engineer, scientist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 for discoveries concerning the structures and functional organization of the cell.
- September 10 – Waldo Semon (died 1999), American inventor.
- November 16 – Warren Sturgis McCulloch (died 1969), American neurophysiologist and cybernetician.
- November 19 – Arthur R. von Hippel (died 2003), German-born American physicist
- December 11 – Benno Mengele (died 1971), Austrian electrical engineer
- January 7 – Joseph O'Dwyer (born 1841), American physician.
- February 28 (Old Style March 12) – Fyodor Pirotsky (born 1845), Ukrainian-born Russian military and electrical engineer and inventor.
- March 12 – Johann Balmer (born 1825), Swiss mathematician.
- March 15 – Henry Bessemer (born 1813), English inventor of the Bessemer process for steelmaking.
- May 29 – Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair (born 1818), Scottish chemist.
- August 27 – John Hopkinson (born 1849), English electrical engineer (killed in climbing accident).
- September 14 – William Seward Burroughs (born 1855), American inventor of the adding machine.
- November 20 – Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet (born 1817), English civil engineer.
Yelverton, David E. (2004). "The Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897–1899". Quest for a Phantom Strait: the Saga of the Pioneer Antarctic Peninsula Expeditions 1897–1905. Burpham: Polar Publishing. ISBN 0-9548003-0-3.
von Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus (1898). Das Gesetz der kleinen Zahlen. Leipzig, Germany: B.G. Teubner. On page 1, Bortkiewicz presents the Poisson distribution. On pages 23-25, Bortkiewicz presents his famous analysis of "4. Beispiel: Die durch Schlag eines Pferdes im preussischen Heere Getöteten." (4. Example: Those killed in the Prussian army by a horse's kick.). On pages 17–20 Bortkiewicz presents his analysis of "1. Beispiel: Die Selbstmorde von Kindern in Preussen." (1. Example: Suicides of children in Prussia.). Bortkiewicz's book is reviewed in: L. v. Bortkewitsch (1898) "Das Gesetz der kleinen Zahlen," Monatshefte für Mathematik, vol. 9, pages 39-41.
Blair, John S.G. (2001). In Arduis Fidelis: Centenary History of the Royal Army Medical Corps (2nd ed.). [Burntisland]: iynx Publishing. ISBN 0-9540583-2-1.
Flechsig, P. (1898). "Neue Untersuchungen über die Markbildung in den menschlichen Grosshirnlappen". Neurologisches Centralblatt. 17: 977–996.
Hoare, C. A. (1938). "Early discoveries regarding the parasite of oriental sore". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 32 (1): 67–92. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(38)90097-5.
Grant, Neil (2018). The Luger. Weapon 64. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781472819734.