1785 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1785.

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Events

• January 1
  • The Daily Universal Register (later The Times) is first published, in London.^[1]
  • The Paris theatre company Théâtre des Variétés-Amusantes moves to a temporary new building in the gardens of the Palais-Royal.
• February 2 – Sarah Siddons makes her London debut in her most famous rôle, Lady Macbeth, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane.^[2]
• February – The English heiress Mary Bowes escapes from her husband, Andrew Robinson Stoney, and begins divorce proceedings.
• April 14 – After today's death of the English poet William Whitehead in London, Thomas Warton succeeds him as Poet Laureate of Great Britain, William Mason having refused the post.
• May 22 – Robert Burns' first child, Elizabeth ("Dear-bought Bess"), is born to his mother's servant, Elizabeth Paton.^[3]
• June 23 – The Litvak rabbi and writer Aryeh Leib ben Asher Gunzberg dies at Metz in France after a book-case topples on him, according to tradition.^[4]
• November 28 – The Marquis de Sade finishes writing The 120 Days of Sodom (Les 120 Journées de Sodome) while imprisoned in the Bastille; it will not be published until 1904.
• unknown date
  • Giacomo Casanova is appointed librarian to Count Joseph Karl von Waldstein at the Duchcov Château in Bohemia.^[5]
  • A new building for the Prussian Royal Library is completed in Berlin.

New books

Fiction

• Anna Maria Bennett – Anna
• Elizabeth Blower – Maria
• Denis Diderot, part trans. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe – Jacques the Fatalist (Jacques der Fatalist und sein Herr)
• Richard Graves – Eugenius
• Karl Philipp Moritz – Anton Reiser (to 1790)

Children

• Rudolf Erich Raspe, anonymously – Baron Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia

Drama

• George Colman the Younger – Two to One
• Richard Cumberland – The Natural Son
• Elizabeth Inchbald
  • Appearance Is Against Them
  • I'll Tell You What
• Leonard MacNally – Fashionable Levities
• Frederick Reynolds – Werter
• Emanuel Schikaneder – Der Fremde

Poetry

Main article: 1785 in poetry

• János Bacsanyi – The Valour of the Magyars
• Samuel Egerton Brydges – Sonnets and other Poems
• Robert Burns – "To a Mouse"
• William Combe – The Royal Dream
• William Cowper – The Task
• George Crabbe – The News-Paper
• William Hayley – A Philosophical, Historical and Moral Essay on Old Maids
• Samuel Johnson – The Poetical Works
• Friedrich Schiller – Ode to Joy (An die Freude)
• Charles Wilkins (translator) – Bhagvat-geeta, or Dialogues of Kreeshna and Arjoon
• John Wolcot as "Peter Pindar"
  • The Lousiad
  • Lyric Odes, for the Year 1785
• Ann Yearsley – Poems

Non-fiction

• Ethan Allen – Reason: the Only Oracle of Man^[6]
• James Boswell – The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D.
• Edmund Burke – Speech on the Nabob of Arcot's Debts
• Francis Grose – A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue
• Samuel Johnson – Prayers and Meditations
• Immanuel Kant – Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten)
• William Paley – The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy
• Clara Reeve – The Progress of Romance
• Thomas Reid – Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man
• John Scott – Critical Essays on Some of the Poems of Several English Poets

Births

• January 4 – Jakob Grimm, German philologist, jurist and mythologist (died 1863)
• January 31 – Magdalena Dobromila Rettigová, Czech cookery writer (died 1845)
• March 3 – Frances Mary Richardson Currer, English heiress and bibliophile (died 1861)
• March 7 – Alessandro Manzoni, Italian poet and novelist (died 1873)
• March 18 – He Changling (賀長齡), Chinese scholar and writer on governance (died 1848)
• March 21 – Henry Kirke White, English poet (died 1806)
• April 4 – Bettina von Arnim, German novelist (died 1859)
• April 7 – Lorenzo Hammarsköld, Swedish poet and author (died 1827)
• May 3 – Vicente López y Planes, Argentine politician and writer (died 1856)
• May 18 – John Wilson (Christopher North), Scottish writer (died 1854)
• August 15 – Thomas De Quincey, English essayist (died 1859)
• October 18 – Thomas Love Peacock, English novelist, poet and East India Company official (died 1866)
• October 30 – Hermann, Fürst von Pückler-Muskau – German travel and gardening writer (died 1871)
• unknown date – Neofit Bozveli, Bulgarian educator and clergyman, early figure in the Bulgarian National Revival (died 1848)

Deaths

• January 19 – Jonathan Toup, English classicist, critic and cleric (born 1713)^[7]
• April 14 – William Whitehead, English poet laureate (born 1715)
• May 4 – János Sajnovics, Hungarian linguist (born 1733)
• August 31 – Pietro Chiari, Italian playwright, novelist and librettist (born 1712)
• September 17 – Antoine Léonard Thomas, French poet and critic (born 1732)
• November 12 – Richard Burn, English legal writer (born 1709)
• November 25 – Richard Glover, English poet and politician (born 1712)
• December 6 – Kitty Clive, English actress and writer of farce (born 1711)
• December 18 – Joseph Allegranza, Milanese historian (born 1715)
• December 29 – Johan Herman Wessel, Norwegian-born Danish poet and satirist (born 1742)
• unknown date – Ali Haider Multani, Punjabi Sufi poet (born 1690)^[8]

References

1. Steinberg, S. H. (2017). Five Hundred Years of Printing. Courier Dover Publications. p. 14. ISBN 9780486814452.
2. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Siddons, Sarah" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3. "Paton, Elizabeth". The Burns Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
4. Eleff, Zev (Winter 2012). "The Wages of Criticism". Jewish Review of Books. 8. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
5. Walter M. Weiss (1997). Looking for Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: A Travel Companion Through Salzburg, Prague & Vienna. Brandstätter. p. 90. ISBN 978-3-85447-729-7.
6. Holbrook, Stewart H. (1940). Ethan Allen. New York: MacMillan. ISBN 0-395-24908-2. OCLC 975403.
7. John Burke (1838). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Enjoying Territorial Possessions Or High Official Rank: But Univested with Heritable Honours. H. Colburn. p. 297.
8. Bakhshish Singh Nijjar (1968). Panjāb Under the Great Mughals, 1526-1707. Thacker. p. 173.