This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1781.
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- March 27 – George Crabbe writes to Edmund Burke, enclosing examples of his work.[1] The outcome is the publication of Crabbe's poem The Library.[2]
- August 5 – Antonín Strnad completes an inventory of the contents of the Clementinum in Prague, which becomes a national library.[3]
- unknown date – Rudolf Erich Raspe (anonymously) publishes "M-h-s-nsche Geschichten" ("M-h-s-n Stories") in the Berlin humor magazine Vade mecum für lustige Leute ("Handbook for Fun-loving People"), the first appearance of Baron Munchausen in fiction.[4]
- January 26 – Ludwig Achim von Arnim, German poet and novelist (died 1831)[7]
- January 30 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German poet and botanist (died 1838)[8]
- February 26 – Peter Andresen Oelrichs, Heligoland-born lexicographer (died 1869)
- March 17 – Ebenezer Elliott, English poet (died 1849)
- May 14 – Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer, German historian (died 1873)
- June 12 (probable) – Christian Isobel Johnstone, Scottish journalist and novelist (died 1857)
- November 3 – Sarah Elizabeth Utterson, English translator and short story writer (died 1851)[9]
- November 6 – Lucy Aikin (Mary Godolphin), English historical writer (died 1864)[10]
- November 29 – Andrés Bello, Venezuelan polymath (died 1865)[11]
- December 6 – Charlotte von Ahlefeld, German novelist (died 1849)[12]
- December 11 – David Brewster, Scottish scientist and writer (died 1868)
- February 15 – Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, German philosopher and dramatist (born 1729)[13]
- February 22 – Anna Magdalena Godiche, Danish book printer and publisher (born 1721)[14]
- February 24 – Edward Capell, English Shakespeare scholar (born 1713)[15]
- March 1 – Jean-Baptiste de La Curne de Sainte-Palaye, French historian, classicist and lexicographer (born 1697)
- March 17 – Johannes Ewald, Danish dramatist and poet (born 1743)[16]
- May 8 – Richard Jago, English poet and cleric (born 1715)[17]
- June 24 – Anna Miller, English poet and salon hostess (born 1741)
- September 11 – Johann August Ernesti, German theologian and philologist (born 1707)[18]
- November 2 – José Francisco de Isla, Spanish satirist (born 1703)
- November 4 – Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet (born 1721)[19]
- December 7 – Judith Madan, English poet (born 1702)
Ainger, Alfred (1903). Crabbe. New York: Macmillan. pp. 31–32.
Philip L. Astuto (2003), Eugenio Espejo (1747–1795), Reformador ecuatoriano de la Ilustración. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. p. 82. ISBN 9978-92-241-5.
Eva R. Trautmann; Adelbert von Chamisso (1986). The Alaska diary of Adelbert von Chamisso, naturalist on the Kotzebue voyage, 1815-1818. Cook Inlet Historical Society. p. 1.
Linda J. Turzynski, "Lucy Aikin." Dictionary of Literary Biography: British Children's Writers, 1800–1880. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Inc, 1996
Yasukata, Toshimasa (2002). Lessing's philosophy of religion and the German enlightenment: Lessing on Christianity and reason. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 118. ISBN 9780198033103.
Lauritz Nielsen. "A. H. Godiche". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon, Gyldendal. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
Antiquities in Leicestershire. Kraus Reprint Company. 1968. p. 464.
Klemme, Heiner (2016). The Bloomsbury dictionary of eighteenth-century German philosophers. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p. 189. ISBN 9781474255981.