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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1723.
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- March – Voltaire makes an agreement with Abraham Viret to allow his work to be printed in Rouen.[1]
- July – A new edition of Bernard Mandeville's The Fable of the Bees is presented as a public nuisance by the Grand Jury of Middlesex, England, to the Court of King's Bench. Mandeville escapes prosecution.[2]
- November – After attending a party at the home of the marquis des Maisons, Voltaire contracts smallpox.[3]
- unknown date – The book collection of Samuel Pepys (died 1703), including his Diary, is transferred to the Pepys Library at his alma mater, Magdalene College, Cambridge, in accordance with his will.[4]
Fiction
- Penelope Aubin – The Life of Charlotta Du Pont, an English lady; taken from her own memoirs[5]
- Jane Barker – A Patch-Work Screen for the Ladies
- Thomas-Simon Gueullette – Les Aventures merveilleuses du mandarin Fum-Hoam, contes chinois (The Transmigrations of the Mandarin Fum-Hoam (Chinese Tales))
- Eliza Haywood – Idalia: Or, the Unfortunate Mistress. A Novel. Written by Mrs. Eliza Haywood[6]
- Anton Josef Kirchweger – Aurea Catena Homeri
- Margrethe Lasson – Den beklædte Sandhed (first novel in Danish)
- John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham (died 1721) – The Works of John Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave, Marquis of Normanby, and Duke of Buckingham
Drama
- Elijah Fenton – Mariamne[7]
- Francis Hawling – The Impertinent Lovers[7]
- Eliza Haywood – A Wife to be Lett[7]
- Ludvig Holberg – Erasmus Montanus[8]
- Hildebrand Jacob – The Fatal Constancy[7]
- Charles Johnson – Love in a Forest (adapted from As You Like It)[7]
- Pierre de Marivaux – La Double Inconstance[9]
- Ambrose Philips – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester[7]
- Jane Robe – The Fatal Legacy[7]
- Richard Savage – Sir Thomas Overbury[7]
Poetry
- Sir Richard Blackmore – Alfred: an epick poem[10]
- Heyat Mahmud – Jangnama; Bengali[11]
- David Mallet – William and Margaret
- William Meston – Knight of the Kirk
- Ambrose Philips – Ode on the Death of William, Earl of Cowper
- Matthew Prior
- Down-Hall
- The Turtle and the Sparrow
- Allan Ramsay – The Tea-Table Miscellany, Vol. 1
- Voltaire – La Henriade
- Ned Ward – Nuptial Dialogues and Debates, 3rd ed.
Non-fiction
- James Anderson – The Constitutions of the Free-Masons
- Henry Baker – An Invocation of Health: a poem
- Offspring Blackall, Bishop of Exeter (posthumously) – Collected Works
- Pietro Giannone – Storia civile del regno di Napoli (History of the Kingdom of Naples)
- Bernard de Mandeville – A Search into the Nature of Society
- Thomas Dempster (posthumous) – De Etruria regali libri VII (printed in sans-serif)
- Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard – Cato's Letters (essays)
- John Nott – The Cooks and Confectioners Dictionary or, the Accomplish'd Housewives Companion
- January 21 (or June 21) – Baron d'Holbach, German-born French philosopher and encyclopedist (died 1789)
- February 23 – Richard Price, Welsh-born philosopher (died 1791)
- February 24 – John Burgoyne, English soldier and dramatist (died 1792)
- June 5 (baptized) – Adam Smith, Scottish economist (died 1790)[12]
- June 20 – Adam Ferguson, Scottish philosopher and historian (died 1816)
- July 11 – Jean-François Marmontel, French novelist and dramatist (died 1799)
- September 30 – William Hutton, English local historian and poet (died 1815)
- November 8 – John Byron, English vice-admiral and memoirist (died 1786)
- November 30 – William Livingston, American political writer and politician (died 1790)
- December 26 – Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm, German-born French philosopher and encyclopedist (died 1807)
- February 26 – Thomas d'Urfey, English dramatist (born 1653)
- March 13 – René Auguste Constantin de Renneville, French Protestant poet and historian (born 1650)
- March 15 – Johann Christian Günther, German poet (born 1695)
- May 11 – Jean Galbert de Campistron, French dramatist (born 1656)
- June 8 – Isaac Chayyim Cantarini, Italian poet, physician and preacher (born 1644)
- July 28 – Mariana Alcoforado, Portuguese nun (born 1640)
- August 21 – Dimitrie Cantemir, Romanian author (born 1673)
- September 23 – Jacques Basnage, French Protestant poet, linguist and preacher (born 1653)
- December 1 – Susanna Centlivre (Susanna Carroll), English dramatist (born c. 1667–70)
- December 17 – John Trenchard, English politician and writer (born 1662)
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