Heyat Mahmud

For the feudal lord and military commander, see Hayat Mahmud.

Qadi Heyat Mahmud (Bengali: হেয়াত মামুদ^{[note 1]}; 1693–1760) was a medieval Bengali poet, mystic and judge. Although his works, like other Middle Bengali poetry, are religion-centric, they are marked by social consciousness and tolerance, and contain many Rangpuri dialectic features. Mahmud is considered to be the last poet of Middle Bengali literature,^[1] and his lifespan directly ends shortly after the British East India Company's victory at the Battle of Plassey.^[2]

Qadi Heyat Mahmud
Born	1693 Bhavaniganj, Bengal, Mughal Empire
Died	1760(1760-00-00) (aged 66–67) Dinajpur, Bengal, Mughal Empire
Other names	Heyat Mamud
Occupation(s)	Poet, judge
Notable work	see below
Parents	Dewan Shah Kabir (father) Khairunnesa (mother)

Early life and career

Mahmud was born in 1693, to a Bengali Muslim family in the village of Jharbishila in Sarkar Ghoraghat, Bengal Subah, Mughal Empire. His father, Shah Kabir, was the Dewan of Ghoraghat and a poet in his spare time. His mother's name was Khairunnesa. Due to this, Mahmud was able to be employed by the Sarkar as a Qadi (Muslim judge).^[3]

Literary career

Mahmud has written four poetry compositions. As a resident of Ghoraghat, his works have strong influences from the Rangpuri dialect and the Persian-influenced Dobhashi register. His earliest found book, titled Jangnāmā (1723), narrates the Battle of Karbala in zari style. In 1732, he wrote Sarbabhedbāṇī which contains proverbial statements. He collected the material from Mafrehul Qulub, a Persian translation of the Panchatantra. Shabnam Begum refers to the book as Chittya-Uththan and claims that it was a Persian translation of the Hitopadesha. Hitaggyānbāṇī was composed in 1753, and explores Islamic ethics. Mahmud's magnum opus Āmbiyābāṇī (1758) covers the Stories of The Prophets from Adam to Muhammad.^[1]

Death and legacy

Mahmud died on 17 February, presumably in the year 1760. He was buried in a mazar (mausoleum) in his home village, Jharbishila. Every year since then, his urs is commemorated by the locals.^[4] His works became known to the mainstream through the efforts of Maulvi Mansuruddin.^[2]

A memorial center has been set up at the initiative of the Dinajpur District Council. In Mahmud's honour, a building of the Begum Rokeya University was named Kabi Heyat Mahmud Bhaban.^[5]

Notes

1. Also spelt হেয়াত মাহমুদ

References

1. Wakil Ahmed (2012). "Heyat Mamud". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
2. Begum, Shabnam (1994). "Contribution of Muslims to Bengali literature during eighteenth century: Hayat Mahmood". Bengal's contribution to Islamic studies during the 18th century (Thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. p. 149.
3. Ali, ABM Ramzan (6 November 2015). "কবি হেয়াত মামুদের কাব্যপাঠ" [Poet Hayat Mamud's poetry reading]. Janakantha (in Bengali).
4. "আজ সাধক কবি হেয়াত মামুদের মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী" [Today is the death anniversary of the mystic poet Hayat Mamud]. Naya Diganta (in Bengali). 17 February 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
5. "বেরোবিতে শহীদ বুদ্ধিজীবী দিবস পালিত" [Martyred Intellectuals Day is celebrated in Berobi]. Campuslive24.com (in Bengali). 14 December 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2014.

Further reading

• Islam, Mazharul. কবি হেয়াত মামুদ [Poet Heyat Mamud]. Agami Prakashani. ISBN 9844015502. Retrieved 23 December 2014.