1691 (MDCXCI ) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar , the 1691st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini 2nd millennium , the 91st year of the 17th century , and the 2nd year of the 1690s decade. As of the start of 1691, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
July 12 : Army of King William III defeats supporters of former King James II at the Battle of Aughrim .
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September 3 : Sinking of HMS Coronation and HMS Harwich kills 900 English Navy sailors at Plymouth Sound .August 12 : Holy Roman Empire and allies defeat the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Slankamen (now in Serbia) and 25,000 Turks are killed.
January 6 – King William III of England , who rules Scotland and Ireland as well as being the Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, departs from Margate to tend to the affairs of the Netherlands.[1] January 14 – A fleet of ships carrying 827 Spanish Navy sailors and marines arrives at Manzanillo Bay on the island of Hispaniola in what is now the Dominican Republic and joins 700 Spanish cavalry, then proceeds westward to invade the French side of the island in what is now Haiti .[2] January 15 – King Louis XIV of France issues an order specifically prohibiting play of games of chance, specifically naming basset and similar games, on penalty of 1,000 livres for the first offence.[3] January 23 – Spanish colonial administrator Domingo Terán de los Ríos , most recently the governor of Sonora y Sinaloa on the east side of the Gulf of California , is assigned by the Viceroy of New Spain to administer a new province that governs lands on both sides of the Río Bravo del Norte , "Coahuila y Tejas", and effectively becomes the first Governor of Texas .February 13 – The Massachusetts Bay Colony issues the first paper money in North America , in lieu of coins, two months after a December 20 law authorizing the printing. The oldest known specimen, for 20 Massachusetts shillings bears the date "Feb. 3, 1690" based on the British old style calendar in use at the time.[4] February 28 – An annular solar eclipse is visible across the Philippines, North Borneo and eastern Sumatra.[5] March 5 – Nine Years' War : French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons .March 14 – The Public Security Police Force of Macau is founded.[6] March 17 – The Athenian Mercury The Athenian Society in London.March 20 – Leisler's Rebellion : A new governor arrives in New York – Jacob Leisler surrenders, after a standoff of several hours.[7] March 29 – The Siege of Mons ends in the city's surrender.October 3 – The Treaty of Limerick , ending the Williamite War in Ireland and guaranteeing civil rights to Roman Catholics , is signed. The Flight of the Wild Geese follows.October 17 (October 7 O.S.) – In New England , the two separate colonies of Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony are united into a single entity by an act of the King and Queen of England.November 26 – In Limerick , "A Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving to the Almighty God for the Preservation of Their Majesties, the Success of Their Forces in the reducing of Ireland, and for His Majesties Safe Return" is celebrated in all Anglican churches in Britain and Ireland by order of Archbishop Tillotson.[13] December 6 – During the Morean War , Captain Luca Dalla Rocca of Naples betrays Venice by surrendering the fortress of Gramvousa , on the island of Crete to the Ottoman Turks, in return for a large amount of money and sanctuary in Istanbul.[14] December 22 – Patrick Sarsfield and 19,000 troops of the Irish Army who had been supporters of the Jacobite Rebellion leave the country and relocate to France.
George Lillo born 3 February Francesco Alborea born 7 March James Alexander (lawyer) born 27 May Giovanni Paolo Panini born 17 June Alessandro Galilei born 25 August Arthur Onslow born 1 October Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia born 20 October Dudley Ryder (judge) born 4 November Cornelis Pronk born 10 December January 8 – George Charles of Hesse-Kassel , Prince of Hesse-Kassel and Prussian general (d. 1755 )January 16 – Peter Scheemakers , Flemish sculptor (d. 1781 )January 18 – William Finch , British diplomat (d. 1766 )January 19 – Reinier Boitet , Delft publisher and writer (d. 1750 )January 25 – John Folliot , officer of the British Army (d. 1762 )January 27 – Christian Ulrich II, Duke of Württemberg-Wilhelminenort (d. 1734 )February 3 – George Lillo , British writer (d. 1739 )February 4 – Louis-Basile de Bernage , French jurist (d. 1767 )February 6 – Francisco Cajigal de la Vega , Spanish general and Viceroy (d. 1777 )February 8 – John Adams Sr. , British colonial farmer, minister, father of the U.S. president, John Adams (d. 1761 )February 10 – Samuel Wesley , English poet and cleric (d. 1739 )February 17 – Julius Valentyn Stein van Gollenesse , Governor of Zeylan (d. 1755 )February 27 – Edward Cave , English editor and publisher (d. 1754 )March 1 – Conrad Beissel , German-American religious leader (d. 1768 )March 4 – Pierre-Herman Dosquet , Catholic bishop (d. 1777 )March 7 – Francesco Alborea , Italian composer and cellist (d. 1739 )March 12 – Dionisia de Santa María Mitas Talangpaz , Filipino saint (d. 1732 )March 16 – Michel Baudouin , Canadian missionary (d. 1768 )March 20 – Princess Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxe-Zeitz , Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1743 )March 22 – Philipp von Stosch , Prussian antiquarian (d. 1757 )March 28 – Charles Emil Lewenhaupt , Swedish general (d. 1743 )March 30 – Charles Hamilton, Count of Arran , English collector of manuscripts (d. 1754 )March 31 – Franz Hunolt , German preacher (d. 1746 )April 2 – Christian Ernest of Stolberg-Wernigerode , Count (d. 1771 )April 5
April 6 – Johann Heinrich Zopf , German historian (d. 1774 )April 8 – John Bampfylde , British politician (d. 1750 )April 9
April 13
April 23 – René Hérault , French police chief (d. 1740 )April 30 – Henry Ingram, 7th Viscount of Irvine , Scottish peer and politician (d. 1761 )May 1 – Kasimir Wedig von Bonin , German military personnel (d. 1752 )May 23 – Giuseppe Orsoni , Italian artist, 1691–1755 (d. 1755 )May 25 – Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja , Portuguese prince of the second House of Braganza (d. 1742 )May 27 – James Alexander , American lawyer in colonial New York (d. 1756 )June 2 – Nicolau Nasoni , Italian architect (d. 1773 )June 4 – Daniel Horsmanden , American judge (d. 1778 )June 8 – James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury , English Earl (d. 1728 )June 14 – Jan Francisci , Slovak organist and composer (d. 1758 )June 17
June 20 – Pietro Antonio Magatti , Italian painter (d. 1767 )June 23 – John Thomas , English bishop of Lincoln and bishop of Salisbury (d. 1766 )July 17 – Peder von Todderud , Danish autobiographer (d. 1772 )July 24 – Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton , British politician (d. 1759 )July 26 – Sir John Trelawny, 4th Baronet , British politician (d. 1756 )July 31 – Bartolomé Rull , Spanish bishop (d. 1769 )August 5 – Charles d'Orléans de Rothelin , French priest and scholar (d. 1744 )August 8 – Christina Beata Dagström , Swedish baroness and glass works owner (d. 1754 )August 21 – Anne Coventry, Countess of Coventry , English plaintiff in a marriage settlement case (d. 1788 )August 25 – Alessandro Galilei , Italian architect, mathematician (d. 1737 )August 28 – Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , Holy Roman Empress consort (d. 1750 )August 29 – Richard Challoner , English Catholic prelate (d. 1781 )August 30 – Louis-Jean Lévesque de Pouilly , French philosopher (d. 1750 )September 1 – James Burrough , English academic and architect (d. 1764 )September 3
September 20 – Giovanni Francesco Crivelli , Italian mathematician and priest (d. 1743 )September 22 – Louis-Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis of Vaudreuil , French Navy officer (d. 1763 )October 1 – Arthur Onslow , Speaker of the British House of Commons (d. 1768 )October 6 – Sir Edward Turner, 1st Baronet , British Baronet (d. 1735 )October 11 – John Leland , English Presbyterian minister (d. 1766 )October 14 – John Lovewell , Nashua, New Hampshire hero (d. 1725 )October 18 – Kaspar Ernst von Schultze , German military personnel (d. 1757 )October 20 – Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia , Tsarevna of Russia (d. 1733 )October 27 – Jacob Severin , Dano-Norwegian merchant (d. 1753 )November 4
November 9 – Antonio Francesco Gori , Italian antiquarian (d. 1757 )November 10 – Wilhelm Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach , German duke (d. 1741 )November 11 – Peregrine Osborne, 3rd Duke of Leeds , British peer (d. 1731 )November 14
November 18 – Mårten Triewald , merchant and technician, one of the founders of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (d. 1747 )November 19 – William Fraser, of Fraserfield , politician (d. 1727 )November 21 – Domingo José Claros Pérez de Guzmán, 13th Duke of Medina Sidonia , noble (d. 1739 )November 27 – Josef Antonín Plánický , Czech composer, choirmaster and singer (d. 1732 )December 10 – Cornelis Pronk , Dutch painter (d. 1759 )December 18 – Gaston-Laurent Coeurdoux , French Indianist and missionary (d. 1779 )December 30 – Conrad Friedrich Hurlebusch , German Dutch composer and organist (d. 1765 )
George Fox died 13 January Richard Lower (physician) died 17 January Pope Alexander VIII died 1 February Brother Lawrence died 12 February Luo Wenzao died 27 February Thomas Lamplugh died 5 May Cornelis Tromp died 29 May Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire died 22 June Mary Sackville died 6 August Kumazawa Banzan died 9 September Catharina Hooft died 30 September Isaac de Benserade died 10 October Israel Silvestre died 11 October Pieter Cornelisz van Slingelandt died 7 November Robert Boyle January 10 – Wolf Caspar von Klengel , German builder, architect and officer (b. 1630 )January 13 – George Fox , English founder of the Society of Friends (b. 1624 )January 17 – Richard Lower , English physician (b. 1631 )January 19 – Giacinto Brandi , Italian painter (b. 1621 )January 22 – Edward Master , English politician (b. 1610 )January 23 – William Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1649 )January 24 – James Bishop , English-born 23rd Deputy Governor of Connecticut (b. 1625 )January 25 – Anthonie Hals , painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1621 )January 28 – John Ashton , English courtier and Jacobite conspirator (b. 1653 )January 29 – Asai Ryōi , Buddhist priest and writer (b. 1612 )February 1 – Pope Alexander VIII , pope of the Catholic Church from 1689 to 1691 (b. 1610 )February 4 – Paul Amman , German botanist and physician (b. 1634 )February 7 – Nguyễn Phúc Trăn , Vietnamese ruler (b. 1650 )February 8 – Carlo Rainaldi , Italian architect (b. 1611 )February 12 – Brother Lawrence , French Christian monk (b. 1614 )February 19 – Sir Thomas Lee, 1st Baronet , English politician (b. 1635 )February 20 – Juan Francisco de la Cerda, 8th Duke of Medinaceli , Spanish politician (b. 1637 )February 21
February 22 – Juan del Vado , Spanish composer (b. 1625 )February 25 – Antonio de Benavides y Bazán , Roman Catholic patriarch (b. 1610 )February 27 – Luo Wenzao , First Chinese bishop (b. 1615 )February 28
March 1 – Sultan Bahu , Punjabi Sufi mystic, poet and scholar (b. 1630 )March 5 – Jean-Jacques Renouard de Villayer , French postal pioneer (b. 1607 )March 8 – Gabriel Souart , Canadian priest (b. 1611 )March 11 – Giulio Spinola , Italian cardinal (b. 1612 )March 15 – Anna Salome of Manderscheid-Blankenheim , Abbess of Thorn Abbey, later abbess of Essen Abbey (b. 1628 )March 17 – Thomas Wynne , English personal physician of William Penn (b. 1627 )March 19 – Nicholas De Mayer , Dutch politician (b. 1635 )March 29 – Nicolas Talon , French Jesuit (b. 1605 )April 3
April 6 – Peyton Ventris , English politician (b. 1645 )April 13 – Melchor de Navarra, Duke of Palata , Spanish military personnel (b. 1626 )April 15 – Joachim Feller , German academic (b. 1638 )April 20 – Raimondo Capizucchi , Italian cardinal (b. 1616 )April 21
April 23 – Jean-Henri d'Anglebert , French harpsichordist and composer (b. 1629 )April 27 – Lorenzo Crasso , Italian literary studies scholar and advocate (b. 1623 )April 30 – Kirill Naryshkin , maternal grandfather of Peter the Great (b. 1623 )May 5 – Thomas Lamplugh , Archbishop of York, Bishop of Exeter, Dean of Rochester (b. 1615 )May 6 – Caterina Tarongí , Mallorcan Jewess burned alive by the Inquisition (b. 1646 )May 10 – John Birch , British politician (b. 1615 )May 13 – William Faithorne , English artist and engraver (b. 1616 )May 16
May 18 – Sir William Talbot, 3rd Baronet , Irish judge and baronet (b. 1640 )May 23 – Adrien Auzout , French astronomer (b. 1622 )May 27 – Pierre Allemand , Canadian ships pilot, explorer, and fur-trader (b. 1662 )May 29 – Cornelis Tromp , Dutch admiral (b. 1629 )June 7 – William Jephson , English Member of Parliament (b. 1640 )June 9
June 15 – Henry Pollexfen , English politician (b. 1632 )June 22 – Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691 (b. 1642 )June 23 – Sir William Gardiner, 1st Baronet , Member of the Parliament of England (b. 1628 )June 26
July 3 – Marc'Antonio Pasqualini , Italian opera singer and composer (b. 1614 )July 10 – Giacinto Platania , Italian painter (b. 1612 )July 12
July 16 – François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois , Secretary of State for War under Louis XIV (b. 1641 )July 18 – Sir John Bowyer, 2nd Baronet , English politician (b. 1653 )July 20 – Jacques Frémin , French missionary (b. 1626 )July 23 – Paul Barillon , French diplomat (b. 1630 )July 26 – Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle , English politician (b. 1630 )July 30 – Daniel Georg Morhof , German writer and scholar (b. 1639 )August 1 – Marie de Hautefort , French noble (b. 1616 )August 2 – Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. 1646 )August 6
August 7
August 8 – François Verwilt , Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1620 )August 11 – Nicolaes van Verendael , Flemish painter (b. 1640 )August 14 – Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel , Irish rebel (b. 1630 )August 18 – François d'Alesso d'Éragny , French soldier, governor general of the French Antilles (b. 1643 )August 19
August 22 – Sir Ralph Delaval, 1st Baronet , English landowner and politician (b. 1622 )August 25 – Philippe Charles d'Arenberg , Duke of Arenberg (b. 1663 )August 27 – Sir Thomas Norton, 1st Baronet , Member of the Parliament of England (b. 1615 )September 6 – William Pulteney , Member of Parliament (b. 1624 )September 9 – Kumazawa Banzan , Japanese philosopher (b. 1619 )September 10 – Edward Pococke , English orientalist and biblical scholar (b. 1604 )September 12 – John George III, Elector of Saxony from 1680 to 1691 (b. 1647 )September 14 – William Hussey , English ambassador to the Ottoman Empire (b. 1642 )September 15 – Adam Loftus, 1st Viscount Lisburne , Irish noble (b. 1647 )September 18
September 19 – Sir Henry Piers, 1st Baronet , Anglo-Irish landowner, soldier, Member of Parliament, Sheriff and antiquarian (b. 1629 )September 28 – Johannes Fatio , Swiss surgeon (b. 1649 )September 29 – Johannes Wolfgang von Bodman , Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1651 )September 30 – Catharina Hooft , wife of Cornelis de Graeff (b. 1618 )October 4
October 5 – Paul Mignard , French painter and printmaker (b. 1639 )October 8 – Thomas Barlow , English academic and clergyman, Provost of The Queen's College, Oxford and Bishop of Lincoln (b. 1607 )October 9 – William Sacheverell , English politician (b. 1638 )October 10
October 11 – Israel Silvestre , French topographical etcher (b. 1621 )October 18 – Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg , German noble (b. 1615 )October 21 – Alexander Seton, 1st Viscount of Kingston , Scottish Royalist (b. 1620 )October 25 – George Legge, 1st Baron Dartmouth , English naval commander (b. 1647 )October 30
November 7 – Pieter Cornelisz van Slingelandt , Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1640 )November 14 – Tosa Mitsuoki , Japanese painter (b. 1617 )November 15 – Aelbert Cuyp , Dutch landscape painter (b. 1620 )November 18 – Sir John Brookes, 1st Baronet , Member of Parliament (b. 1635 )December – Louis de Vanens , French alchemist and poisoner (b. 1647 )December 1
December 8
December 15 – Hendrik van Rheede , Dutch botanist (b. 1637 )December 23 – Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh , Anglo-Irish scientist (b. 1615 )December 31
date unknown
probable – Elizabeth Polwheele , English playwright (b. c. 1651 )
Frederic Hervey, The Naval History of Great Britain: From the Earliest Times to the Rising of the Parliament in 1779 (William Adlard Publishing, 1779) p. 420
"King William's War (1688–1697)", in Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present by David E. Marley (ABC-CLIO, 1998) p. 206
"Jeu", in A Military Dictionary, or explanation of the several systems of discipline of different kinds of troops , by William Duane (William Duane, 1810) p. 288
Andrew McFarland Davis, Currency and Banking in the Province of the Massachusetts-Bay , Volume 1, Issue 4 (American Economic Association, 1900) p.370
"História" [ History] (in Portuguese). Corpo de Polícia de Segurança Pública. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2010 ."Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance , Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p46
"Special Forms of Prayer in the Church of England", Part III, The Newberry House Magazine (February 1893) p. 137
"Turkish Rule in Crete", by Theocharis Detorakis, in Crete, History and Civilization (1988) p. 343
Media related to 1691 at Wikimedia Commons
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