Year 1565 (MDLXV ) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar .
This article is about the year 1565. For the channel, see
Toon-A-Vision .
March 1 : Rio de Janeiro is founded.
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July– September
July 29 – The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots , marries her half-cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley , at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, in a Catholic ceremony .[10]
August 6 – Sark , in the Channel Islands , is granted as a fief by Elizabeth I of England to Hellier de Carteret , Seigneur of Saint Ouen .[11] [12]
August 26 – The Chaseabout Raid begins in Scotland as a rebellion against Mary, Queen of Scots by her half-brother, by James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray , following her July 29 marriage to Lord Darnley.
August 28 (feast day of St. Augustine) – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés first sights land in Florida .[13]
August 31 – Chaseabout Raid : Moray and at least 1,000 of his rebels arrive in Edinburgh for a confrontation with the Scottish crown. After cannon fire from Edinburgh Castle, the rebels retreat toward England to seek help. The rebellion is ended by the end of September.
September 4 – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands in Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault .[14] He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline .
September 8 – St. Augustine, Florida (named after Augustine of Hippo ), is established by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés , becoming the oldest surviving European settlement in the modern-day United States, and a mass of Thanksgiving is said.
September 11 – The Knights of Malta lift the Great Siege of Malta after four months.[15]
October– December
October 11 – Ottavio Gentile Oderico is elected to a two-year term as the Doge of the Republic of Genoa .[16]
October 18 – Battle of Fukuda Bay : Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture a Portuguese trading carrack , in the first recorded naval battle between Japan and a European nation.[17]
October 20 – In the Northern Seven Years' War , the Battle of Axtorna is fought in Sweden, near Falkenberg , as Daniel Rantzau of the Army of Denmark and Norway leads 7,400 troops in defeating a counterattack by over 11,000 Swedish troops led by Jacob Henriksson Hästesko.[18]
October – The first Martello tower , the Tour de Mortella , designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino (el Fratin), is completed as part of the Genovese defence system at Mortella (Myrtle) Point, in Upper Corsica .[19]
November 25 – The army of Burma , under the command of King Bayinnaung conquers Chiang Mai , capital of the Siamese Kingdom of Lan Na , and departs on November 30.[20]
December 31 – The Burmese Army conquers Vientiane , the main city of the kingdom of Lan Xang (now Laos).
December – The Mariovo and Prilep rebellion occurs, the very first recorded rebellion by the Macedonian hajduks or voivode against the Ottoman Empire.[21]
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
January 17 – Mariana Navarro de Guevarra Romero , Spanish Roman Catholic nun, member of the Mercedarian Tertiaries (d. 1624 )[27]
February 13 – Willem Baudartius , Dutch theologian (d. 1640 )[28]
March 23 – Eilhard Lubinus , German theologian (d. 1621 )[29]
April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman , Dutch explorer (d. 1599 )
April 3 – Anna III, Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1601 )
May 15 – Hendrick de Keyser , Dutch sculptor and architect born in Utrecht (d. 1621 )[30]
June 2 – Francisco Ribalta , Spanish painter (d. 1628 )[31]
June 14 – Francis Tanfield , English governor of the South Falkland colony[32]
July 6 – Hugh Hamersley , Lord Mayor of London, 1627–1628 (d. 1636 )[33]
August 5 – Paola Massarenghi , Italian composer (d. unknown)[34]
August 9 – Louis II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1627 )[35]
August 16 – Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1637 )
August 20 – Margaretha van Valckenburch , Dutch shipowner, only female member of the VOC (d. 1650 )[36]
August 29 – Agostino Ciampelli , Italian painter (d. 1630 )[37]
September 17 – Edward Fortunatus , German nobleman (d. 1600 )[38]
September 28 – Alessandro Tassoni , Italian poet and writer (d. 1635 )[39]
October 6 – Marie de Gournay , French writer (d. 1645 )[40]
October 12 – Ippolito Galantini , Italian founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence (d. 1619 )[41]
October 22 – Benedikt Carpzov the elder , German legal scholar (d. 1624 )[42]
November 10
November 14 – Petrus Bertius , Flemish theologian and scientist (d. 1629 )[45]
December 2 – Toby Caulfeild, 1st Baron Caulfeild , Northern Irish politician (d. 1627 )[46]
date unknown
probable
Diego Laynez
Pope Pius IV
January 19 – Diego Laynez , Spanish Jesuit theologian (b. 1512 )[57]
January 28 – Francisco Cesi , Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1500 )[58]
February 28 – John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Count of Glatz (b. 1509 )[59]
March 17 – Alexander Ales , Scottish theologian (b. 1500 )[60]
c. March – Lope de Rueda , Spanish dramatist (b. c. 1510 )[61]
April 2 – Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton , English noble (b. 1526 )[62]
April 27 – Osanna of Cattaro , Dominican visionary and anchoress (b. 1493 )[63]
May 14 – Nicolaus von Amsdorf , German Protestant reformer (b. 1483 )[64]
May 5 – Queen Munjeong , Korean queen (b. 1501 )
May 28 – Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł , Polish magnate (b. 1515 )[65]
June 12 – Adrianus Turnebus , French classical scholar (b. 1512 )[66]
June 17 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru , Japanese shogun (b. 1536 )[67] [ unreliable source? ]
June 19 – Wolfgang Lazius , Austrian historian (b. 1514 )[68]
June 23 – Turgut Reis , Ottoman naval commander (b. 1485 )[69]
July 18 – Kat Ashley , governess of Elizabeth I of England
August – Jacques Buus , Flemish composer and organist (b. 1500 )[70]
August 29 – Alfonso Carafa , Italian cardinal (b. 1540 )[71]
June 25 – Herluf Trolle , Danish Admiral of the Fleet and co-founder of Herlufsholm School (b. 1516 )[72]
September 13 – William Farel , French evangelist (b. 1489 )[73]
September 11 – 20 – Cipriano de Rore , Flemish composer and teacher (b. 1515 )[74]
October 4 – Pier Paolo Vergerio , Italian reformer (b. 1498 )[75]
October 5 – Lodovico Ferrari , Italian mathematician (b. 1522 )[76]
October 7 – Johannes Mathesius , German theologian (b. 1504 )[77]
October 12 – Jean Ribault , French explorer and colonizer (b. 1520 )[78]
October 14 – Thomas Chaloner , English statesman and poet (b. 1521 )[79]
October 21 – John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony and nominal Duke of Saxe-Gotha (b. 1538 )[80]
October 22 – Jean, Vicomte d'Aguisy Grolier de Servieres , French bibliophile (b. 1479 )[81]
October 29 – Ranuccio Farnese , Italian prelate (b. 1530 )[82]
November 2 – Mechthild of Bavaria , German duchess (b. 1532 )[83]
November 25 – Hu Zongxian , Chinese general (b. 1512 )[84]
December 9 – Pope Pius IV (b. 1499 )[85]
December 12 – Johan Rantzau , German general (b. 1492 )[86]
December 13 – Conrad Gessner , Swiss naturalist (b. 1516 )[87]
date unknown
Joyce Ackroyd, Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron (University of Queensland Press, 1982) p.332
Jenny Wormald, Mary, Queen of Scots: Politics, Passion and a Kingdom Lost (Tauris Parke, 2001), p. 153.
Sergio Buonadonna, Rosso doge: I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797
Svenska Slagfält: "Axtorna 1565: En fråga om kavalleritaktik" (2003) pp. 69-76
Vigano, Marino (2001). "Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino and the Tower at Mortella Point, Corsica (1563)". Fort . 29 . Fortress Study Group : 41–57. Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: pp.285–286
"Riza" . Grove Art Online . Retrieved November 25, 2023 .Załęski, Stanisław (1900). Jezuici w Polsce (in Polish). Drukiem i nakładem, drukarni ludowej. p. 169. Retrieved November 27, 2023 .