1150s

The 1150s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1150, and ended on December 31, 1159.

1150

This section is transcluded from 1150. (edit | history)

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Battle of Tara: The Byzantines defeat the Serbian-Hungarian army under Grdeša, count (župan) of Travunija, near the snow-covered Tara River. The Serbs are overpowered, and Grand Prince Uroš II is forced to accept the peace agreement made by Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos). Uroš is succeeded by his brother Desa, who becomes co-ruler of the Principality of Serbia (until 1153).^[1]

Levant

• Spring – Joscelin II, count of Edessa, on his way to Antioch is separated from his escort and falls into the hands of some Turcoman free-booters. Nur al-Din, ruler (atabeg) of Aleppo, heard of Joscelin's capture and sends a squadron of cavalry to take him from his captors. Joscelin is led before a hostile crowd and publicly blinded. Nur al-Din puts him in prison in the Citadel of Aleppo.^[2]
• Battle of Aintab: A Crusader army led by King Baldwin III repels the attacks of Nur al-Din near Aintab. Baldwin safely evacuates the Christian residents of the County of Edessa, which is captured by the Zangids.^[3]
• The city of Ascalon is fortified with 53 towers by order of the 17-year-old Caliph Al-Zafir, as it is the most strategic frontier fortress of the Fatimid Caliphate.^[4]

Europe

• February 8 – Battle of Flochberg: German forces under Henry VI defeat the army of the House of Welf at Bopfingen. At the same time, King Conrad III besieges Welf forces at Braunschweig in Saxony, but he lifts the siege when confronted by Henry the Lion.^[5]
• The University of Paris (known as the Sorbonne) is founded. The first doctorate degree is awarded in Paris.^[6]
• The city of Rinteln is founded on the northern bank of the Weser River in Lower Saxony (modern Germany).

Britain

• November 10 – Dryburgh Abbey located in the Scottish Borders is founded by Lord Hugh de Morville.
• Cubbie Roo's Castle is built on Wyre (Orkney Islands) and is first mentioned in the Orkneyinga Saga.
• Christchurch Priory located in Dorset is founded by Earl Baldwin de Redvers.
• The Irish Chronology (Chronicon Scotorum) is written (approximate date).

By topic

Religion

• The 15-year-old King Inge I (the Hunchback) of Norway calls for a meeting at Bergen of all religious leaders in anticipation that the English cardinal Nicholas Breakspear will find an archbishopric at Trondheim.
• Peter Lombard, a French scholastic theologian, publishes the Four Books of Sentences, which becomes the standard textbook of theology at the medieval universities.^[7]
• The temple at Angkor Wat ("Capital of Temples") is completed in the Khmer Empire (modern Cambodia).

Significant people

• Pope Eugene III
• Pope Adrian IV
• Al-Muqtafi

Births

Transcluding articles: 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, and 1159

1150

• January 26 – Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Persian polymath (d. 1210)
• October 8 – Narapatisithu, ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (d. 1211)
• Agnes of Loon, German duchess and regent (d. 1191)
• Albert de Rethel, Flemish clergyman and priest (d. 1195)
• Alix of France, French countess and regent (d. 1197)
• André de Chauvigny, French nobleman (d. 1202)
• Azalaïs of Montferrat, Italian noblewoman (d. 1232)
• Baldwin V, count of Hainaut and Flanders (d. 1195)
• Geoffrey of Villehardouin, French knight (d. 1213)
• Gerald FitzMaurice, Norman nobleman (d. 1204)
• Gruffydd Fychan ap Iorwerth, Welsh knight (d. 1221)
• Henry de Longchamp, English High Sheriff (d. 1212)
• Henryk Kietlicz, archbishop of Gniezno (d. 1219)
• Hermann Joseph, German priest and mystic (d. 1241)
• Honorius III, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1227)
• Hugh II of Saint Omer, prince of Galilee (d. 1204)
• John Comyn, archbishop of Dublin (approximate date)
• John de Courcy (or Courci), Norman knight (d. 1219)
• Judah ben Samuel, German Jewish rabbi (d. 1217)
• Leo I (or Levon), king of Armenian Cilicia (d. 1219)
• Minamoto no Noriyori, Japanese general (d. 1193)
• Otto I, count of Guelders and Zutphen (d. 1207)
• Qutb al-Din Aibak, ruler of the Delhi Sultanate (d. 1210)
• Ramon I, Catalonian nobleman (approximate date)
• Robert IV, French nobleman and Grand Master (d. 1193)
• Rosamund Clifford, English noblewoman (d. 1176)
• Stephen Langton, English archbishop (d. 1228)
• Theodore Apsevdis, Byzantine painter (d. 1215)
• Umadevi, Indian queen and general (d. 1218)
• William de Braose, English nobleman (d. 1211)
• Wincenty Kadłubek, bishop of Kraków (d. 1223)
• Ye Shi, Chinese scholar and philosopher (d. 1223)

1151

• April 3 – Igor Svyatoslavich, Russian prince (d. 1202)^[79][80][81]
• May 9 – al-Adid, last Fatimid caliph (d. 1171)^[82]
• Unkei, Japanese sculptor (d. 1223)^[83][84][85]

1152

• May 10 – Gangjong, Korean ruler of Goryeo (d. 1213)
• David of Scotland, Scottish prince (d. 1219)
• Diego López II, Spanish nobleman (d. 1214)
• Geoffrey, illegitimate son of Henry II (d. 1212)
• Han Tuozhou, Chinese statesman (d. 1207)
• Imai Kanehira, Japanese general (d. 1184)
• James of Avesnes, French nobleman (d. 1191)
• Maria Komnene, Byzantine princess (d. 1182)
• Patrick I, Scottish nobleman (approximate date)
• Roger IV, duke of Apulia and Calabria (d. 1161)
• Roman Mstislavich, Kievan prince (d. 1205)
• Taira no Tomomori, Japanese nobleman (d. 1185)

1153

• August 17 – William IX, count of Poitiers (d. 1156)
• Abu Mohammed Salih, Almohad Sufi leader (d. 1234)
• Aimery of Cyprus (or Amaury), king of Jerusalem (d. 1205)
• Alexios III (Angelos), Byzantine emperor (d. 1211)
• Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair, Irish king (d. 1224)
• Fujiwara no Kanefusa, Japanese nobleman (d. 1217)
• Harvey I of Léon, Breton nobleman and knight (d. 1203)
• Ibn Hammad, Hammadid historian and writer (d. 1230)
• Kamo no Chōmei, Japanese author and poet (d. 1216)
• Marco I Sanudo, duke of the Archipelago (d. 1227)
• Nerses of Lambron, Armenian archbishop (d. 1198)
• Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford (d. 1217)
• Sibylla of Acerra, queen and regent of Sicily (d. 1205)
• Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick (d. 1204)
• William II (the Good), king of Sicily (d. 1189)

1154

• November 2 – Constance I, queen of Sicily (d. 1198)
• November 11 – Sancho I, king of Portugal (d. 1211)
• Agnes of Austria, queen of Hungary (d. 1182)
• Benoît de Sainte-Maure, French poet (d. 1173)
• Kyŏng Tae-sŭng, Korean military leader (d. 1183)
• Minamoto no Yoshinaka, Japanese general (d. 1184)
• Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri, Ayyubid general (d. 1233)
• Robert II, count of Dreux and Braine (d. 1218)
• Sohrevardi, Persian philosopher (d. 1191)
• Vsevolod III, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1212)

1155

• February 28 – Henry the Young King, son of Henry II (d. 1183)
• May 17 – Jien, Japanese poet and historian (d. 1225)
• November 11 – Alfonso VIII, king of Castile (d. 1214)
• Abu Muhammad Salih, Almohad Sufi leader (d. 1234)
• Benkei, Japanese warrior monk (sōhei) (d. 1189)
• Bernard d'Armagnac, French nobleman (d. 1202)
• Fujiwara no Ariie, Japanese nobleman (d. 1216)
• Fujiwara no Yasuhira, Japanese nobleman (d. 1189)
• Geoffrey de Saye, English nobleman (d. 1230)
• Kamo no Chōmei, Japanese waka poet (d. 1216)
• Maud de Braose, English noblewoman (d. 1210)
• Ottokar I, duke of Bohemia (approximate date)
• Sicard of Cremona, Italian prelate (d. 1215)
• Taira no Tokuko, Japanese empress (d. 1214)

1156

• January 6 – Matilda of England, daughter of Henry II (d. 1189)
• October 27 – Raymond VI, French nobleman (d. 1222)
• Abu Said al-Baji, Almohad Sufi scholar (d. 1231)
• Gaucelm Faidit, French troubadour (d. 1209)
• Hōjō Masako, Japanese noblewoman (d. 1225)
• Isaac II Angelos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1204)
• Magnus V Erlingsson, king of Norway (d. 1184)
• Robert of Auxerre, French chronicler (d. 1212)
• Sayf al-Din al-Amidi, Ayyubid jurist (d. 1233)
• Zhang Congzheng, Chinese physician (d. 1228)

1157

Tomoe Gozen

• September 8 – King Richard I of England (d. 1199)^[86]
• Alexander Neckham, English scholar, teacher, theologian and abbot of Cirencester Abbey (d. 1217)^[87]
• Leopold V of Austria, Duke of Austria from 1177 and Duke of Styria from 1192 until his death (d. 1194)^[88]
• Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary, Queen of England by marriage to Henry the Young King and queen of Hungary and Croatia by marriage to Béla III of Hungary (d. 1197)^[89]
• Tomoe Gozen, female Samurai warrior and military leader (d. 1247)

1158

• August 6 – Al-Nasir li-Din Allah, Abbasid caliph (d. 1225)
• September 23 – Geoffrey II, duke of Brittany (d. 1186)
• Albert I ("the Proud"), margrave of Meissen (d. 1195)
• Baldwin of Bethune, French nobleman (d. 1212)
• Ermengol VIII (or Armengol), count of Urgell (d. 1208)
• Fujiwara no Ietaka, Japanese waka poet (d. 1237)
• Giordano Forzatè, Italian religious leader (d. 1248)
• Henry I, Count of Bar, French nobleman and knight (d. 1190)
• Henry I, Duke of Mödling ("the Elder"), German nobleman (d. 1223)
• Jinul (or Chinul), Korean Zen master (d. 1210)
• Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary, daughter of Louis VII of France (d. 1197)
• Philip of Dreux, bishop of Beauvais (d. 1217)
• Satō Tsugunobu, Japanese warrior (d. 1185)
• Taira no Shigehira, Japanese general (d. 1185)
• Theobald I, Count of Bar, French nobleman and knight (d. 1214)
• Valdemar Knudsen, Danish bishop (d. 1236)
• Yvette of Huy, Belgian anchoress (d. 1228)

1159

• Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Japanese general (d. 1189)^[90][91][92]

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, and 1159

1150

• January 9 – Xi Zong, Chinese emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 1119)
• March 20 – Simon of Worcester, bishop of Worcester
• April 8 – Gertrude of Babenberg, German duchess (b. 1118)
• August 27 – Guarinus of Sitten, French bishop (b. 1065)
• September 16 – Sibylla of Burgundy, queen of Sicily (b. 1126)
• November 12 – Hartbert van Bierum, bishop of Utrecht
• November 21 – García IV (the Restorer), king of Navarre
• December 16 – Raynald of Bar, French abbot
• Barisan of Ibelin (the Old), French nobleman
• Henry VI (Berengar), co-ruler of Germany
• Hervé de Bourg-Dieu, French biblical scholar
• Ibn Masal, Fatimid general, official and vizier
• Jabir ibn Aflah, Andalusian astronomer (b. 1100)
• Kjeld (or Ketil), Danish clergyman and saint
• Reinward, bishop of Meissen (approximate date)
• Renier de Huy, Flemish goldsmith and sculptor
• Robert de Sigello, English bishop and chancellor
• Suryavarman II, ruler of the Khmer Empire
• Teobaldo Roggeri, Italian shoemaker (b. 1100)
• William the Simple, French nobleman (b. 1085)

1151

• January 13 – Abbot Suger, French statesman and historian (b. c. 1081)^[93][94][95]
• April 23 – Adeliza of Louvain, queen of Henry I of England (b. 1103)^[96][97][98]
• September 7 – Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (b. 1113)^{[99][100][101]}
• Li Qingzhao, Chinese poet (b. 1084)^{[102][103][104]}

1152

• January 8 – Conrad I, German nobleman (b. 1090)
• January 18 – Albero de Montreuil, German archbishop
• February 15 – Conrad III, king of Italy and Germany
• May 3 – Matilda of Boulogne, queen of England
• June 12 – Henry of Scotland, heir apparent to the throne of Scotland
• August 1 – Albrecht I, German bishop of Meissen
• September 13 – Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud, Seljuk sultan
• October 12 – Adolf III, count Berg and Hövel (b. 1080)
• October 14 – Ralph I (or Raoul), French nobleman
• October 24 – Jocelin of Soissons, French theologian
• November 13 – William of St. Barbe, Norman bishop
• Adelard of Bath, English philosopher (b. 1080)
• Gilbert FitzRichard de Clare, 1st Earl of Hertford
• Nicholas IV, patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1070)
• Raymond II (or Raimundus), count of Tripoli
• Robert of Selby, English governor and chancellor
• Theobald II (the Great), French nobleman (b. 1090)
• Theophanes Kerameus, Italian bishop (b. 1129)
• Thethmar (or Theodemar), German missionary
• Volodymyrko Volodarovych, Galician prince (b. 1104)

1153

• January 28 – Pelagius of Oviedo, Spanish bishop
• February 10 – Taira no Tadamori, Japanese samurai (b. 1096)
• April 16 – Piotr Włostowic, Polish nobleman (b. 1080)
• May 22 – Atto of Pistoia, Portuguese bishop (b. 1070)
• May 24 – David I, king of Scotland (b. 1084)
• June 12 – Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick
• June 29 – Óláfr Guðrøðarson, king of the Isles
• July 8 – Eugene III, pope of the Catholic Church
• August 16 – Bernard de Tremelay, French Grand Master
• August 17 – Eustace IV, count of Boulogne (b. 1130)
• August 20 – Bernard of Clairvaux, French abbot (b. 1090)
• September 3 – Henry I, German archbishop (b. 1080)
• October 14 – Henry Murdac, English archbishop
• December 16 – Ranulf de Gernon, Norman nobleman (b. 1099)
• Al-Shahrastani, Persian scholar and historian (b. 1086)
• Anna Komnene, Byzantine princess and historian (b. 1083)
• Gampopa, Tibetan Buddhist monk and teacher (b. 1079)
• Shaykh Tabarsi, Persian Shia scholar and writer (b. 1073)
• Simon II de Senlis, 4th Earl of Huntingdon (b. 1098)
• Walter Espec, Norman nobleman and High Sheriff

1154

• February 2 – Viacheslav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1083)
• February 20 – Wulfric of Haselbury, English miracle worker
• February 26 – Roger II, king of Sicily (b. 1095)^[105]
• March 8 – Stephen of Obazine, French priest (b. 1085)
• April 1 or April 15 – Al-Zafir, Fatimid caliph (b. 1133)^[106]
• April 3 – Al-Adil ibn al-Sallar, Fatimid vizier
• June 8 – William of York, English archbishop
• June 9 – Geoffrey of Canterbury, English abbot
• July 20 – Bernard of Hildesheim, German bishop
• July 21 – Elizabeth of Hungary, Polish duchess
• September 4 – Gilbert de la Porrée, French theologian
• October 25 – Stephen, king of England (b. 1096)
• November 13 – Iziaslav II, Grand Prince of Kiev
• November 18 – Adelaide of Maurienne, French queen (b. 1092)
• December 3 – Anastasius IV, pope of the Catholic Church
• December 12 – Vicelinus, German bishop (b. 1086)
• Donnchad I (or Duncan), Scottish nobleman (b. 1113)
• Ermengol IV (el de Castilla), count of Urgell (b. 1096)
• Faidiva of Toulouse, countess of Savoy (b. 1133)
• Hiyya al-Daudi, Andalusian rabbi and composer
• Honorius Augustodunensis, French theologian
• Jinadattasuri, Indian Jain poet and writer (b. 1075)
• Lawrence of Durham, English prelate and poet
• Lambert of Bauduen, bishop of Vence (b. 1084)
• Matilda of Anjou, duchess of Normandy (b. 1106)
• Zhang Jun, Chinese general and official (b. 1086)

1155

• June 4 – Baldwin de Redvers, English nobleman
• June 10 – Sigurd II, king of Norway (b. 1133)
• June 11 – Kenkai, Japanese Buddhist monk (b. 1107)
• August 22 – Konoe, emperor of Japan (b. 1139)
• November 18 – Qin Hui, Chinese politician (b. 1090)
• Arnold of Brescia, Italian priest and rebel (b. 1090)
• Fujiwara no Akisuke, Japanese nobleman (b. 1090)
• Geoffrey of Monmouth, English historian (b. 1095)
• Li Qingzhao, Chinese poet and writer (b. 1084)
• Minamoto no Yoshikuni, Japanese samurai (b. 1082)
• William de Mohun, English nobleman (b. 1090)

1156

• January 17 – André de Montbard, French nobleman
• January 20 – Henry, English bishop and missionary
• January 31 – Herman van Horne, bishop of Utrecht
• July 20 – Toba, Japanese emperor (b. 1103)
• August 4 – Otto IV, German nobleman (b. 1083)
• August 12 – Blanca of Navarre, queen of Castile
• November 20 – Henry I, German nobleman (b. 1115)
• December 2 – William IX, count of Poitiers (b. 1153)
• December 25
  • Peter the Venerable, French monk and abbot
  • Sverker I (the Elder), king of Sweden
• Atsiz, Persian ruler of the Khwarazmian Empire
• Domenico Morosini, doge of Venice (House of Morosini)
• Fujiwara no Sadanobu, Japanese calligrapher (b. 1088)
• Fujiwara no Taishi, Japanese empress (b. 1095)
• Fujiwara no Yorinaga, Japanese statesman (b. 1120)
• Gilbert de Gant, English nobleman (b. 1126)
• Li Qingzhao, Chinese female poet (b. 1084)
• Mas'ud I, Seljuk ruler of the Sultanate of Rum
• Minamoto no Tameyoshi, Japanese general (b. 1096)
• Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair, Irish king (b. 1088)

1157

• January 24 or January 25 – Agnes of Babenberg, Politically active High Duchess consort of Poland (b. 1111)^[107]
• May 8 – Ahmed Sanjar, Great Seljuk Sultan (b. 1084 or 1086)^[108]
• May 15 – Yury Dolgoruky, Russian prince (b. c. 1099)^[109]
• August 21 – King Alfonso VII of Castile (b. 1105)^[110]
• October 23 – King Sweyn III of Denmark (b.c. 1125) (in battle)^[111]
• date unknown – King Eystein II of Norway (b.c. 1125)^[112]

1158

• April 26 – Martirius, archbishop of Esztergom
• July 19 – Wibald, German monk and abbot (b. 1098)
• July 27 – Geoffrey VI, count of Nantes (b. 1134)
• August 20 – Rögnvald Kali Kolsson, Earl of Orkney
• August 31 – Sancho III, king of Castile (b. 1134)
• September 22 – Otto of Freising, German bishop (b. 1114)
• December 15 – Frederick II, German archbishop
• Abu Jafar ibn Atiyya, Almohad vizier and writer
• Anselm of Havelberg, German bishop (b. 1100)
• Barthélemy de Jur, French bishop (b. 1080)
• Oda of Brabant, Belgian prioress and saint
• Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson, Norwegian pirate

1159

• May 30 – Wladislaus II, the Exile of Poland (b. 1105)^[113][114]
• August 29 – Bertha of Sulzbach, Byzantine Empress (b. 1110s)^[115][116]
• September 1 – Pope Adrian IV (b. c. 1100)^{[117][118][119]}
• October 11 – William of Blois, Count of Boulogne and Earl of Surrey (b. c. 1137)^[120][121]
• Joscelin II, Count of Edessa^{[122][123][124]}

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60. Holt, Richard (2000). "Society and Population 600 - 1300". In Palliser, D. M.; Clark, Peter; Daunton, Martin J. (eds.). The Cambridge Urban History of Britain. Vol. 600–1540. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 88. ISBN 9780521444613.
61. Fulton, Michael S. (2018). Artillery in the Era of the Crusades: Siege Warfare and the Development of Trebuchet Technology. History of Warfare. Vol. 122. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 124. ISBN 9789004376922.
62. Runciman, Steven (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 286. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
63. Comyn, Robert (1851). History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V, p. 236–38.
64. Warren, W. L. (1961). King John. University of California Press. p. 27.
65. Estow, Clara (1982). "The Economic Development of the Order of Calatrava, 1158–1366". Speculum. 57 (2): 267–291. doi:10.2307/2847457. JSTOR 2847457. S2CID 164086223.
66. Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
67. Barlow, Frank (April 1936). "The English, Norman, and French Councils Called to Deal with the Papal Schism of 1159". The English Historical Review. 51 (202): 264–268. doi:10.1093/ehr/LI.CCII.264. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 553521. In September 1159 Pope Adrian IV died, and a double election was made to the Papacy. The imperialist faction chose Octavian, cardinal-priest of St. Cecilia, who took the title of Victor IV, and the church party Roland, the chancellor, who became known as Alexander III.
68. Dolan, Terence (2002) [1999]. "Chapter 8: Writing in Ireland". In Wallace, David (ed.). The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 208. ISBN 9780521890465.
69. Barnum, Samuel Weed (1876). Romanism as it is: An Exposition of the Roman Catholic System, for the Use of the American People Embracing a Full Account of Its Origin and Development at Rome and from Rome, Its Distinctive Features in Theory and Practice, Its Characteristic Tendencies and Aims, Its Statistical and Moral Position, and Its Special Relations to American Institutions and Liberties; the Whole Drawn from Official and Authentic Sources, and Enriched with Numerous Illustrations, Documentary, Historical, Descriptive, Anecdotical and Pictorial: Together with a Full and Complete Index, and an Appendix of Matters from 1871 to 1876. Hartford, CT: Connecticut Publishing Company. p. 11.
70. Febbraro, Flavio; Shwetje, Burkhard (2010). How To Read World History in Art: From the Code of Hammurabit to September 11. New York: Abrams Books. p. 100. ISBN 9780810996830.
71. Matsunami, Yoshihiro (1979). "Conflict within the Development of Buddhism". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 6 (1/2): 329–345. doi:10.18874/jjrs.6.1-2.1979.329-345. ISSN 0304-1042. JSTOR 30233204. Wars, beginning with the Hogen rebellion of 1156 and the Heiji rebellion of 1159, occurred in rapid succession, bringing confusion and chaos to the people.
72. Selinger, Vyjayanthi R. (2013). "Chapter 1: Genpei Jōsuiki and the Historical Narration of the Genpei War". Authorizing the Shogunate: Ritual and Material Symbolism in the Literary Construction of Warrior Order. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 1. ISBN 9789004255333.
73. Abels, Richard Philip; Bachrach, Bernard S. (2001). The Normans and Their Adversaries at War: Essays in Memory of C. Warren Hollister. Woodbridge, UK, Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. p. 99. ISBN 9780851158471.
74. Perkins, Kenneth J. (2016). Historical Dictionary of Tunisia (Third ed.). Lanham, MA, Boulder, CO, New York, London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 197. ISBN 9781442273184.
75. Jacobs, Daniel; Morris, Peter (2001). The Rough Guide to Tunisia. London and New York: Rough Guides. p. 432. ISBN 9781858287485.
76. Tout, Thomas Frederick (1920). Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: The Wardrobe, the Chamber and the Small Seals. Vol. 1. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. p. 88.
77. Abbey, Chatteris (1999). The Cartulary of Chatteris Abbey. Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press. p. 29. ISBN 9780851157504.
78. Karn, Nicholas (2007). "Nigel, bishop of Ely, and the restoration of the exchequer after the 'anarchy' of King Stephen's reign*". Historical Research. 80 (209): 299–314. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2281.2006.00392.x. ISSN 1468-2281. The author of the Liber Eliensis indicates that Richard was appointed in 1159, during the preparations for the Toulouse campaign
79. Taruskin, Richard (2016) [1996]. Stravinsky and the Russian Traditions, Volume One: A Biography of the Works Through Mavra. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 90. ISBN 9780520293489.
80. Romanova, Anna; Yakushenkova, Olesia (August 2012). Ching Chan, Selina (ed.). "Comparative Analysis of the Image of the Stranger in Chinese and Russian Discourse". Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference of the Asian Studies Association. Hong Kong Shue Yan University - The Contemporary China Research Center: 1160. ISBN 978-988-18445-0-7. An example of Igor Svyatoslavich the Brave's life (1151-1202) is a good example of such types of relations with some nomadic tribes that lived close to the borders of Russian Kingdom.
81. Vanina, Eugenia (2012). Medieval Indian Mindscapes: Space, Time, Society, Man. Delhi, India: Primus Books. p. 69. ISBN 9789380607191.
82. Wiet, G. (1960). "al-ʿĀḍid li-Dīn Allāh". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 196–197. OCLC 495469456.
83. Gheorghe, Alexandra (2012). "Natsume Sōseki's Yume Jūya ("ten Nights of Dream") and the Anarchetype – a Different Approach". Interstudia (Revista Centrului Interdisciplinar de Studiu al Formelor Discursive Contemporane Interstud) (11/1): 122–130. ISSN 2065-3204. the narrator's unexpected meeting with the ancient wood carver, Unkei (1151 – 1223), famous for his sculptures from the temple Tōdai in Nara
84. Wispelwey, Berend (2013). Japanese Biographical Index. Munich, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. p. 983. ISBN 9783110947984.
85. Magill, Frank N. (1998). The Middle Ages: Dictionary of World Biography. London and New York: Routledge. p. 924. ISBN 9781136593130.
86. Howlett, Richard (2012). Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I. Vol. 2. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. xlii. ISBN 9781108052276.
87. Magill, Frank N. (2012) [1998]. Dictionary of World Biography. Vol. 2: The Middle Ages. London and New York: Routledge. p. 663. ISBN 9781136593130.
88. Loud, G. A. (2010). The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts. Farnham and Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 35. ISBN 9781472413963.
89. Huffman Jr., Domer J. (2016). Direct Ancestors of Domer J. Huffman, Jr: & D.J.'s Odds & Ends. Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance Publishing. p. 295. ISBN 9781480926899.
90. Carter, Steven D. (2014). The Columbia Anthology of Japanese Essays: Zuihitsu from the Tenth to the Twenty-First Century. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 162. ISBN 9780231537551.
91. Henshall, K. (2012) [1999]. A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower. London and New York: Springer. p. 32. ISBN 9780230369184.
92. Miyawaki–okada, Junko (1 January 2006). "The Japanese Origin of the Chinggis Khan Legends". Inner Asia. 8 (1): 123–34. doi:10.1163/146481706793646819. ISSN 2210-5018. Minamoto no Yoshitsune, or Gen Gikei as his name is in Sino-Japanese pronunciation, was born in 1159 as a half brother of Minamoto no Yoritomo
93. Crosby, Sumner McKnight; Hayward, Jane; Little, Charles T.; Wixom, William D. (1981). The Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis in the Time of Abbot Suger (1122-1151). New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 15. ISBN 9780870992612.
94. Grant, Lindy; Bates, David (1998). Abbot Suger of St-Denis: Church and State in Early Twelfth-Century France. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 286–287. ISBN 9781317899693.
95. Inglis, Erik (2015-09-01). "Remembering and Forgetting Suger at Saint-Denis, 1151–1534: An Abbot's Reputation between Memory and History". Gesta. 54 (2): 219–243. doi:10.1086/681955. ISSN 0016-920X. S2CID 163497330.
96. Phillips, Lawrence Barnett (1871). The Dictionary of Biographical Reference: Containing One Hundred Thousand Names, Together with a Classed Index of the Biographical Literature of Europe and America. London: S. Low, Son, & Marston. pp. 11. 1151 Adeliza of Louvain.
97. Dalton, Paul (2007). "The Date of Geoffrey Gaimar's "Estoire Des Engleis," the Connections of His Patrons, and the Politics of Stephen's Reign". The Chaucer Review. 42 (1): 23–47. doi:10.1353/cr.2007.0020. ISSN 0009-2002. JSTOR 25094383. A terminus ante quern of 1151 might appear at first sight to be supported by references to Adeliza of Louvain, who died in 1151
98. Panton, James (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Lanham, MD and Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780810874978.
99. Teunis, H. B. (2006). The Appeal to the Original Status: Social Justice in Anjou in the Eleventh Century. Hilversum, Netherlands: Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 128. ISBN 9789065509048.
100. Duffus Hardy, Thomas (1865). Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi Scriptores: Or Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages. Vol. II: From A.D. 1066 to A.D. 1200. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. p. 245.
101. Keefe, Thomas K. (1974). "Geoffrey Plantagenet's Will and the Angevin Succession*". Albion. 6 (3): 266–274. doi:10.2307/4048247. ISSN 0095-1390. JSTOR 4048247. Count Geoffrey Plantagenet's sudden death in September 1151 came at a most inopportune time for his eighteen-year-old son, Henry.
102. Chang, Kang-i Sun; Saussy, Haun; Kwong, Charles Yim-tze (1999). Women Writers of Traditional China: An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780804732314.
103. Kramarae, Cheris; Spender, Dale (2004) [2000]. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. New York and London: Routledge. p. 1259. ISBN 9781135963156.
104. Mann, Susan (2007). The Talented Women of the Zhang Family. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. pp. 167. ISBN 9780520250895. 1151 Li Qingzhao.
105. "Roger II | Facts & Biography". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
106. Öztürk, Murat (2013). "Zâfir-Biemrillâh". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 44 (Yusuf – Zwemer) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-975-389-785-3.
107. Weis, Frederick Lewis (2002) [1950]. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: The Lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Some of Their Descendants (Seventh ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 129. ISBN 9780806313672.
108. Bauer, Susan Wise (2013). "Chapter Nineteen: Foreign Relations". The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 134. ISBN 9780393240672.
109. Krattli, Edward C. (2014). Dowling, Timothy C. (ed.). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. Vol. I: A - M. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 250. ISBN 9781598849486.
110. Flood, Timothy M. (2019). "Chapter 8. The Division of Leon-Castille and the Decline of the Almohads: 1157 - 1214". Rulers and Realms in Medieval Iberia, 711–1492. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 109. ISBN 9781476633725.
111. Woodward, Bernard Bolingbroke; Cates, William Leist Readwin (1872). Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical. London: Lee and Shepard. p. 418.
112. Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005) [1967]. Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 218. ISBN 9781402725920.
113. Salamon, Maciej; Hardt, Matthias; Kruk, Mirosław Piotr; Sulikowska, Aleksandra (2012). "The Archetypal Crusader. Henry of Sandomierz, the Second Youngest Son of Bolesław III by Darius Von Güttner-Sporzyński". Rome, Constantinople and Newly-converted Europe: Archaeological and Historical Evidence. Kraków, Leipzig, Rzeszów, Warszawa: Geisteswissenschaftliches Zentrum Geschichte und Kultur Ostmitteleuropas. p. 215. ISBN 9788389499851. Within the decade of his birth Henry's father died, and Henry's elder half-brother Władysław ii Wygnaniec (the exile [1105-1159]) ascended the Polish throne.
114. Berend, Nora; Urbańczyk, Przemysław; Wiszewski, Przemysław (2013). Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 175. ISBN 9781107651395.
115. Garland, Lynda (1999). Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527-1204. London and New York: Routledge. p. 201. ISBN 9781134756391.
116. Runciman, Steven (1954). A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187. University Press. p. 359. ISBN 9780521061636. About the end of the year 1159 the Empress Irene, born Bertha of Sulzbach, had died leaving only a daughter behind her.
117. Eden, Bradford Lee (2004). Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. New York and London: Routledge. p. 487. ISBN 9781135948801.
118. Williams, George L. (2004). Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland. p. 25. ISBN 9780786420711.
119. Steinberg, S. H. (1991) [1939]. Historical Tables 58 BC – AD 1990 (12th ed.). London and Basigstoke: Springer. p. 45. ISBN 9781349127467.
120. Lingard, John (1874). "Chapter VIII: William I, Surnamed The Conqueror". The History of England: From the First Invasion by the Romans to the Accession of William and Mary in 1688. Dublin: James Duffy & Sons. p. 216.
121. McDougall, Sara (2017). Royal Bastards: The Birth of Illegitimacy, 800-1230. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 202. ISBN 9780198785828. In 1159 William "Longsword", count of Boulogne, earl of Warenne by right of his wife, the son of King Stephen of England and his wife Matilda of Boulogne, died without issue.
122. Hillenbrand, Carol (2003). "The Imprisonment of Reynald at Châtillon". In Robinson, Chase F. (ed.). Texts, documents, and artefacts [electronic resource]: Islamic studies in honour of D.S. Richards. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 91. ISBN 9789004128644.
123. Dashdondog, Bayarsaikhan (2011). The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335). Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 36. ISBN 9789004186354.
124. Slack, Corliss K. (2003). The A to Z of the Crusades. Lanham, MD and Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780810863316.