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British landowner and politician From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland, KG, GCVO, GCStJ, TD, PC, DL (28 December 1857 – 26 April 1943), known as William Cavendish-Bentinck until 1879, was a British landowner, courtier, and Conservative politician. He notably served as Master of the Horse between 1886 and 1892 and again between 1895 and 1905.
The Duke of Portland | |
|---|---|
 The Duke of Portland, circa 1900. | |
| Master of the Horse | |
| In office 9 August 1886 – 11 August 1892 | |
| Monarch | Queen Victoria |
| Prime Minister | The Marquess of Salisbury |
| Preceded by | The Earl of Cork |
| Succeeded by | The Viscount Oxenbridge |
| In office 16 July 1895 – 4 December 1905 | |
| Monarchs | |
| Prime Minister | |
| Preceded by | The Earl of Cork |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Sefton |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 28 December 1857 Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland |
| Died | 26 April 1943 (aged 85) Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse | |
| Children |
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Portland was the son of Lieutenant-General Arthur Cavendish-Bentinck by his first wife Elizabeth Sophia Hawkins-Whitshed, daughter of Sir St Vincent Hawkins-Whitshed, 2nd Baronet and granddaughter of Admiral Sir James Hawkins-Whitshed, 1st Baronet. His paternal grandparents were Lord Charles Bentinck and his second wife Anne Wellesley, the natural daughter of Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, and a niece of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Lord Charles was the third son of Prime Minister William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland by his wife Lady Dorothy Cavendish, daughter of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire. Portland's mother died only a few days after his birth. He was educated at Eton.[citation needed] He inherited the Cavendish-Bentinck estates, based around Welbeck Abbey in Nottinghamshire, from his cousin William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland, in 1879. He also succeeded his stepmother as second Baron Bolsover in 1893. His half-sister Lady Ottoline Morrell was a society hostess and patron of the arts associated with the Bloomsbury Group.
He owned 183,000 acres with 101,000 acres in Caithness with 43,000 acres in Nottinghamshire and 35,000 acres in Northumberland.[1]
Portland initially embarked on a military career and served as a lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards[2] from 1877 to 1880, and then as lieutenant-colonel of the part-time Honourable Artillery Company from 1881 to 1889.[3] He was honorary colonel of the 1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers from 1884 to 1891,[4] of the 4th (Royal Sherwood Foresters Militia) Battalion, Sherwood Foresters, from 1889 and its Special Reserve successor from 1908,[3] and of the 7th (Robin Hood) Battalion, Sherwood Foresters (Volunteers, later Territorial Force) from 1898.[4][5]
He sat on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords and held office as Master of the Horse under Lord Salisbury from 1886[6] to 1892[citation needed] and from 1895[7] to 1902 and under Arthur Balfour from 1902 to 1905.[citation needed] In 1886, he was sworn of the Privy Council.[8]
He was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) in 1896,[9] and was a holder of the Royal Victorian Chain.[3] In 1900 he was appointed a Knight Companion of the Garter,[10] receiving the insignia in an investiture by Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle on 16 March 1900.[11] He was appointed a Knight of Justice of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England (KStJ) in July 1901.[12] He also held the Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III (Spain), 1st Class Order of St Sava (Serbia) the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Crown (Belgium),[3] and the Grand Cross of the Order of St Stephen (Austria-Hungary).[4]
The Portlands visited British India to attend the 1903 Delhi Durbar held in January 1903 to celebrated the succession of King Edward VII as Emperor of India.[13]
He was Lord-Lieutenant of Caithness from 1889 to 1919, Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire from 1898 to 1939, a Deputy Lieutenant of Ayrshire, and a trustee of the British Museum.
The Portlands received Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria at Welbeck Abbey for a week in 1913 when the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne visited England. During the stay he took the Archduke shooting on the estate when, according to Portland's memoirs, Men, Women and Things:
"One of the loaders fell down. This caused both barrels of the gun he was carrying to be discharged, the shot passing within a few feet of the archduke and myself. I have often wondered whether the Great War might not have been averted, or at least postponed, had the archduke met his death there and not at Sarajevo the following year."[14]
From 1937 to 1943 he was Chancellor of the Order of the Garter.[citation needed] At the coronation of King George VI Portland carried the crown of Queen Elizabeth, whose mother (the Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne) was his cousin. It was at his estate in Langwell that the Sunderland Flying boat carrying the Duke of Kent (the King's youngest brother) crashed while en route to a RAF Base in Iceland.
The Duke and Duchess of Portland were custodians and collectors of fine art. They were respectful and generous to the hundreds of staff they employed. One former servant, George Slingsby, who was employed as a footman at Welbeck Abbey before the First World War, wrote that "most of their staff had a job for life, were well cared for in the estate’s own hospital block when they were ill, and at such times nothing was deducted from their wages, at a time when the working classes had no privileges, or indeed any help from the Government."[15]
His probate was sworn in 1943 at £201,516 (equivalent to about £11,400,000 in 2023), with his son as his heir.
Portland inherited the estate and stud farm near Clumber Park in North Nottinghamshire. Among the horses he owned was St. Simon, who won the 1884 Ascot Gold Cup. He also bred and owned Ayrshire and Donovan, who won the 1888 and 1889 runnings of The Derby.
in 1890 Portland built "The Winnings", a row of 6 almshouses at Welbeck Abbey, with the proceeds of his horse racing successes.[16][17]
Portland married Winifred Anna Dallas-Yorke, daughter of Thomas Dallas-Yorke, DL, JP, of Walmsgate, Lincolnshire, on 11 June 1889. They had three children:[citation needed]
Portland died in April 1943, aged 85, and was interred at the traditional burial place of the Dukes of Portland in the churchyard of St Winifred's Church at Holbeck. He was succeeded by his eldest son, William. The Duchess of Portland died in July 1954, aged 90.[citation needed] The department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham holds estate papers of the 6th Duke in the Portland (London) Collection (Pl).[2]
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Portland was author of the following memoirs:
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