User:Mr. Ibrahem/Tamoxifen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tamoxifen, sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a medication that is used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men.[8] It is also being studied for other types of cancer.[8] It has been used for Albright syndrome.[9] Tamoxifen is typically taken daily by mouth for five years for breast cancer.[9]
Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Nolvadex, Genox, Tamifen, others[1] |
Other names | TMX; ICI-46474 |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682414 |
License data | |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Selective estrogen receptor modulator |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | ~100%[3][4] |
Protein binding | >99% (albumin)[3][5] |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2D6)[3][6][7] |
Metabolites | • Afimoxifene[7] • Endoxifen[7] • Norendoxifen[7] |
Elimination half-life | 5–7 days[3][7] |
Excretion | Feces: 65% Urine: 9% |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C26H29NO |
Molar mass | 371.515 g/mol 563.638 g/mol (citrate salt) g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Serious side effects include a small increased risk of uterine cancer, stroke, vision problems, and pulmonary embolism.[9] Common side effects include irregular periods, weight loss, and hot flashes.[9] It may cause harm to the baby if taken during pregnancy or breastfeeding.[9] It is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) and works by decreasing the growth of breast cancer cells.[9][10] It is a member of the triphenylethylene group of compounds.[11]
Tamoxifen was initially made in 1962, by chemist Dora Richardson.[12][13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[14] Tamoxifen is available as a generic medication.[9] The wholesale price in the developing world is about US$0.07–0.23 per day.[15] In the United States, it costs about $1 per day.[9] In 2017, it was the 251st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions.[16][17]