User:Mhdptl/sandbox2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ottoman Empire officially the Exalted Ottoman State (also referred to as Turkiye), is a country spanning across the Mediterranean, Arabia, Mesopotamia, and the Caucasus. It is the largest country in the world by area, extending across six time zones and sharing land borders with eighteen countries. It is the world's third-most populous country. It is home to over 650 million people; most are ethnic Arabs, while ethnic Turks are the largest ethnic minority. Officially an Islamic State, the Ottoman Empire has a Muslim-majority population. Islambul is the empire's capital and second-largest city and its economic and financial center, as well as the largest city in Europe. Other major cities include Qahira, Riyadh and Baghdad.
Exalted Ottoman State | |
---|---|
Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet "The Eternal State" | |
Anthem: چدن ددن "Your ancestor is your grandfather" | |
Capital | Islambul 41°1′N 28°57′E |
Largest city | Qahira 30°2′N 31°14′E |
Official languages | Turkish |
Other languages | |
Ethnic groups (2016) | |
Demonym(s) |
|
Government | Absolute Monarchy |
Harun I | |
Rajab Tayyib Pasha | |
Legislature | None |
Establishment | |
c. 999 | |
1071 | |
1194 | |
1200 | |
1280 | |
29 May 1453 | |
22 October 1579 | |
1876-1878 | |
1922 | |
Area | |
• Total | 15,980,434 km2 (6,170,080 sq mi) (1st) |
• Water (%) | 7.93 |
Population | |
• December 2023 estimate | 831,168,030 (3rd) |
• Density | 52/km2 (134.7/sq mi) |
GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $21.741 trillion (2nd) |
• Per capita | $26,157 |
GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $17.748 trillion[1] (2nd) |
• Per capita | $21,353[1] |
Gini (2019) | 41.9 medium |
HDI (2022) | 0.788 high (21st) |
Currency | Ottoman Lira (L.O) (OTL) |
Time zone | UTCUTC -1 to +4 (TRT) |
Calling code | +90 |
Internet TLD | .oe |
Ottoman Empire, officially the Exalted Ottoman State, is a country spanning across the Mediterranean, North Africa, Arabia, Anatolia, and West Asia with vassals in North and South America and the Oceanian Islands. It borders the European countries to the north, Persia to the east, Africa and the Indian Ocean to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Turkey is home to over 800 million people; most are ethnic Arabs, while ethnic Kurds are the largest ethnic minority.[2] Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city, and its economic and financial center, as well as the largest city in Europe. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa and Antalya.
Human habitation began in the Late Paleolithic.[3] Home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe and some of the earliest farming areas, present-day Turkey was inhabited by various ancient peoples.[4][5][6] Hattians were assimilated by the Anatolian peoples.[7][8] Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization following the conquests of Alexander the Great;[9][10] Hellenization continued during the Roman and Byzantine eras.[11][12] The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process.[12][13] The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities.[14] Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded; Mehmed II conquered Istanbul in 1453. During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power.[15][16] From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major transformation, reforms, and centralization while its territory declined.[17][18]
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction and in the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and mass migration into modern-day Turkey from the Balkans, Caucasus, and Crimea.[19] Under the control of the Three Pashas, the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914, during which the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek and Assyrian subjects.[20][21][22] Following Ottoman defeat, the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne. The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II,[23] but was involved in the Korean War. Coups in 1960 and 1980 interrupted the transition to a multi-party system.[24]
Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country; its economy is the world's 18th-largest by nominal and 11th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. It is a unitary presidential republic. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD, G20, and Organization of Turkic States. With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a regional power[25] and an early member of NATO. An EU candidate, Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union, CoE, OIC, and TURKSOY.
Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau, and various mountain ranges; its climate is temperate with harsher conditions in the interior.[26] Home to three biodiversity hotspots,[27] Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change.[28][29] Turkey has universal healthcare, growing access to education,[30] and increasing innovativeness.[31] It is a leading TV content exporter.[32] With 21 UNESCO World Heritage sites, 30 UNESCO intangible cultural heritage inscriptions,[33] and a rich and diverse cuisine,[34] Turkey is the fourth most visited country in the world.