Typhoon Marie (1954)

Typhoon Marie, as known as the Tōya Maru Typhoon (洞爺丸台風) in Japan,^[1] was a typhoon that hit Japan in September 1954. Marie did a great deal of damage to Hokkaido, and the Tōya Maru (洞爺丸) train ferry sank due to the high waves and windstorm caused by Marie.^[2] Because of it, JMA in Japan named the storm Tōya Maru Typhoon.

Typhoon Marie

Meteorological history
Formed	September 19, 1954
Dissipated	September 28, 1954
Typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Lowest pressure	956 hPa (mbar); 28.23 inHg
Category 1-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds	140 km/h (85 mph)
Overall effects
Fatalities	1,361
Missing	400
Areas affected	Japan
IBTrACS
Part of the 1954 Pacific typhoon season

Overview

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

Map key

Saffir–Simpson scale

  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown

Storm type

Tropical cyclone

Subtropical cyclone

Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

In September 26, Typhoon Marie hit Japan. After passing Kyushu and Chugoku, Marie proceeded through the Sea of Japan northeast at a tremendous speed and hit Hokkaido.^[1][3][4]

Due to Marie, some Seikan ferries such as Tōya Maru that departed from Hakodate Port, suffered a gale and high waves.^[1] Tōya Maru sank, causing 1,139 people on it to die, and resulting in enormous damage.^[1][2]

Overturned Tōya Maru

Also, a large fire broke out in Iwanai, Hokkaido, partly due to the effect of Marie.^[2][1] This fire was called Fire of Iwanai (岩内大火) in Japan.

Name

JMA named Marie, which caused major damage mainly in Hokkaido, as Tōya Maru Typhoon, honouring the dead of the Tōya Maru.^[2]

Significant typhoons with special names^[5]
(from the Japan Meteorological Agency)

Name	Number	Japanese name
Ida	T4518	Makurazaki Typhoon (枕崎台風)[6][7]
Louise	T4523	Akune Typhoon (阿久根台風)
Marie	T5415	Tōya Maru Typhoon (洞爺丸台風)
Ida	T5822	Kanogawa Typhoon (狩野川台風)
Sarah	T5914	Miyakojima Typhoon (宮古島台風)
Vera	T5915	Isewan Typhoon (伊勢湾台風)
Nancy	T6118	2nd Muroto Typhoon (第2室戸台風)
Cora	T6618	2nd Miyakojima Typhoon (第2宮古島台風)
Della	T6816	3rd Miyakojima Typhoon (第3宮古島台風)
Babe	T7709	Okinoerabu Typhoon (沖永良部台風)
Faxai	T1915	Reiwa 1 Bōsō Peninsula Typhoon (令和元年房総半島台風)
Hagibis	T1919	Reiwa 1 East Japan Typhoon (令和元年東日本台風)

See also

• Tōya Maru
• Fire of Iwanai [ja]

References

1. "洞爺丸台風 昭和29年（1954年） ９月24日～９月27日". www.data.jma.go.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved August 7, 2020.
2. 第２版,日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ), 百科事典マイペディア,デジタル大辞泉プラス,世界大百科事典. "洞爺丸台風(とうやまるたいふう)とは". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved August 7, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
3. "デジタル台風：台風195415号 (MARIE) [洞爺丸台風] – 詳細経路情報（Google Maps版）". agora.ex.nii.ac.jp. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
4. Company, The Asahi Shimbun. "朝日新聞デジタル：１９５４年 洞爺丸台風事故 – 北海道 – 地域". www.asahi.com (in Japanese). Retrieved August 7, 2020. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
5. "気象庁が名称を定めた気象・地震・火山現象一覧" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
6. "枕崎台風 昭和20年（1945年） ９月17日～９月18日". www.data.jma.go.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved August 8, 2020.
7. 第三版,日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ), ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典,朝日新聞掲載「キーワード」,デジタル大辞泉,百科事典マイペディア,世界大百科事典 第２版,大辞林. "枕崎台風(まくらざきたいふう)とは". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved August 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

External links

• 洞爺丸台風 – JMA
• 洞爺丸台風 – コトバンク