The Tlayúa Formation is an Early Cretaceous (late Albian) geological formation near Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla.[1]
| Tlayúa Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Sub-units | Lower, Middle and Upper Members |
| Underlies | Unconformity with Eocene-Oligocene Pie de Vaca Formation |
| Overlies | Orizaba Formation |
| Thickness | Lower: 50 m Middle: 35 m Upper: 40 m |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Limestone |
| Other | Mudstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 19.1°N 98.2°W |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 17.1°N 61.6°W |
| Region | Puebla |
| Country |  Mexico |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Tlayúa Quarry |
  Tlayúa Formation (Mexico) | |
Paleobiota
The formation contains a diverse array of vertebrate and invertebrate fossils. About 70% of the macrofossils are osteichthyan fish.[2] Other vertebrates include chelonians, pterosaurs, lepidosaurs, and crocodiles.[3] Cyanobacteria, foraminifera, algae, gymnosperms, sponges, cnidarians, annelids, gastropods, ammonites, bivalves, arachnids, insects, isopods, anomurans, brachyurans, crinoids, echinoids, holothuroids, stelleroids, and ophiuroids, have also been recovered from the Tlayúa Formation.[3][4][5]
Lepidosaurs
| Genus | Species | Abundance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Huehuecuetzpalli | H. mixtecus | A primitive lizard | |
| Pamizinsaurus | P. tlayuaensis | An osteoderm-covered sphenodontian | |
| Ankylosphenodon[6] | A. pachyostosus | An aquatic sphenodontian | |
| Tepexisaurus[7] | T. tepexii | A basal scincomorph | |
Fish
Mainly after González-Rodríguez (2016)[8] and Applegate et al. (2006)[9]
- Araripichthys webri
- Armigatus carrenoae
- Armigatus felixi
- Axelrodichthys cf. araripensis
- Cipactlichthys scutatus
- Epaelops martinezi
- Macrosemiocotzus americanus
- Michin csernai
- Notagogus novomundi
- Nusaviichthys nerivelai
- Pachyamia mexicana
- Paraclupea seilacheri
- Quetzalichthys perrilliatae
- Ranulfoichthys dorsonudum
- Teoichthys brevipina
- Teoichthys kallistos
- Tepexichthys aranguthyrom
- Tlalocbatos applegatei
- Tlayuamichin itztli
- Unamichthys espinosai
- Ellimmichthys sp.
- cf. Amblysemius
- cf. Bananogmius
- Belonostomus sp.
- cf. Brannerion
- Lepidotes sp.
- cf. Lycoptera
- cf. Megalops
- Neoproscinetes sp.
- Notelops sp.
- cf. Paraelops
- cf. Rhacolepis
- Vinctifer sp.
- cf. Yabrudichthys
- Gonorhynchiform indet.
Other vertebrates
- Testudines indet. (at least two taxa)
- Pterosauria indet. (tentatively assigned as Nyctosaurus and Pteranodon)
- Crododylia indet.
Arthropods
- Archaeoniscus aranguthyorum
- Atocatle ranulfoi
- Ixtahua benjamini
- Protaegla miniscula
- Tepexicarcinus tlayuaensis
- Sphaeromatidae sp.
- Ostracoda?
Mollusks
- Inoceramus sp.
- Pectinidae indet.
- Osteridae indet.
- Gastropoda indet.
- Neohibolites minimus obtusus
- Neohibolites minimus pinguis
- Neohibolites minimus claviformis
- Neohibolites praeultimus
- Mesohibolites semicanaliculatus
- Martoniceras sp.
- Hysteroceras sp.
- Anisoceras sp.
Echinoderms
- Ophiactis applegatei
- Paleopentacta alencasterae
- Parapsolus tlayuensis
- Astropecten sp.
- Echinaster sp.
- Ophidiaster sp.
- Plutonaster sp.
- Tamaria sp.
- Crinoidea indet.
Other invertebrates
Plants
- cf. Araucaria sp.
- cf. Frenolopsis
- Brachyphyllum sp.
- Podozamites sp.
- Zamites sp.
- Phaeophyceae
References
Further reading
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