1517 The Protestant Reformation – the breakdown of religious orders meant that monasteries, hospitals and nursing care facilities were closed in most Protestant areas.[4]
1618–1648 – The Thirty Years' War – Catholic–Protestant wars rocked Europe, killing 8 million.
1633 – The founding of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, Servants of the Sick Poor by Sts. Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac.[5] The community would not remain in a convent, but would nurse the poor in their homes, "having no monastery but the homes of the sick, their cell a hired room, their chapel the parish church, their enclosure the streets of the city or wards of the hospital."[6]
1660 – Over 40 houses of the Sisters of Charity existed in France and several in other countries; the sick poor were helped in their own houses in 26 parishes in Paris.
The 18th century was considered the Age of Reason. A lot of myths were contradicted by scientific fact.[7]
Jamaican "doctresses" such as Cubah Cornwallis, Sarah Adams and Grace Donne, the mistress and healer to Jamaica's most successful planter, Simon Taylor, had great success using hygiene and herbs to heal the sick and wounded.[8]
1848 – The Yarra Bend Asylum was opened so that the mentally-ill could be moved out of jail. This asylum was later known as Melbourne.[3]
1850s
Mary Seacole
1850 – Instructional school for nurses opened by NSP.
1850 – Florence Nightingale, a pioneer of modern nursing, begins her training as a nurse at the Institute of St. Vincent de Paul at Alexandria, Egypt.[15]
1851 – Florence Nightingale completed her nursing training at Kaiserwerth, Germany, a Protestant religious community with a hospital facility. She was there for approximately 3 months, and at the end, her teachers declared her trained as a nurse.[16]
1853 – Florence Nightingale went to Paris to study with the Sisters of Charity and was later appointed superintendent of the English General Hospitals in Turkey.[12]
1854 – The first lunatic asylum was opened in Wellington, New Zealand.[12]
1854 – Florence Nightingale appointed as the Superintendent of Nursing Staff.
1854 – Florence Nightingale and 38 volunteer nurses are sent to Turkey on October 21 to assist with caring for the injured of the Crimean War.
1854 – In a letter written November 15, 1854, to Dr Bowman, Florence Nightingale gives definite statistics:
on Thursday last [i.e.Nov 8] we had 1715 sick and wounded in this hospital (among whom, 120 cholera patients) and 650 severely wounded in...the General Hospital...when a message came to me to prepair for 510 wounded....
1855 – Mary Seacole leaves London on January 31 to establish a "British Hotel" at Balaklava in the Crimea, where she nursed wounded British soldiers using herbs and practised good hygiene.
1856 – Biddy Mason is granted her freedom and moves to Los Angeles. She works as a nurse and midwife and becomes a successful businesswoman.
1856– The Melbourne lying-in Hospital and Infirmary for diseases Peculiar to Women and Children established.[7]
1856 – A charitable organisation known as the Nightingale Fund for Nursing was founded in Britain, to commemorate Nightingale's work in the Crimean War.[7]
1856 – Establishment of Melbourne Lying-in Hospital and Infirmary for Diseases peculiar to Women and Children.[7]
1857 – Ellen Ranyard creates the first group of paid social workers in England and pioneers the first district nursing programme in London.[17]
1857 – The Sisters of Charity opened the first St Vincent's Hospital at Sydney's Pott's Point, Australia. Today, the St Vincent's hospitals provide a considerable proportion of public health services.[12]
1857 – Seacole published her autobiography, The Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands.
1859 – Florence Nightingale published her views on nursing care in "Notes on Nursing". The basis of nursing practice was based on her ideas from this.[18]
1860s
1860 – In May 1860 advertisements appeared seeking young lady nurses for training, but responses were not overwhelming; however, in July 1860 15 hand-picked probationers entered the Nightingale Training School, and the pattern for modern nursing came into being.[19]
1860 – Florence Nightingale publishes "Note on Nursing: What it is and what it is not"[20]
1860 – Crisp et al. 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCrispTaylorDouglasRebeiro2011 (help) state that the Nightingale training school for nurses in England at the St Thomas' hospital, London was established at this time.
1860–1883 – As 16,000 single women emigrated to New Zealand, 582 identified their occupation as a nurse (including monthly nurse, sick nurse, trained nurse, nurse girl, midwife, hospital nurse or professional nurse.)[21]
1861 – Sally Louisa Tompkins opens a hospital for Confederate soldiers in July. She is later made an officer in the army, the only woman to receive that honor.
1868 – Lucy Osburn and her four Nightingale nurses arrived at Sydney Infirmary (later Sydney Hospital).[12]:4
1868 – Sir Henry Parkes requested that Nightingale is to provide trained nurses for New South Wales.[12]:4
1868 – Cathinka Guldberg, who had trained as a Deaconess at Kaiserswerth, started the first nursing school in Norway at the Deaconess Institute of Christiania and became its first director.[24]:148
1870s
1870 – New Zealand had 37 hospitals as a result of the population increase of the Gold Rush.[12]:4
1872–1873 – formal nursing training programs were established, establishment of formal education.
1873 – Linda Richards graduates from the New England Hospital for Women and Children Training School for Nurses and officially becomes America's First Trained Nurse.
1873 – The first nursing school in the United States, based on Florence Nightingale's principles of nursing, opens at Bellevue Hospital, New York City.
1876 – The Japanese term (Kangofu 看護婦 or nurse) is used for the first time.[26]
1879 – Mary Eliza Mahoney graduates from the New England Hospital for Women and Children Training School for Nurses and becomes the first black professional nurse in the U.S.[27]
1890 – English nurse Kate Marsden, founder of the St. Francis Leprosy Guild, travels to Yakutia, Siberia in search of a herb reputed to cure leprosy.[32]
1891 – Hampton University began as the Hampton Training School for Nurses in conjunction with Kings Chapel Hospital for Colored and Indian Boys and the Abbey Mae Infirmary.[33] This school was started on the campus of Hampton Institute at Strawberry Banks in what is now the City of Hampton, Virginia. On this campus sits the Emancipation Oak, the site of the first reading of the Emancipation Proclamation in the South. Alice Bacon was instrumental in starting the Hampton Training School for Nurses. The school was commonly called Dixie Hospital, now known as the Sentara Hampton CarePlex, and its first graduate was Anna DeCosta Banks. Elnora D. Daniel, the first black nurse to serve as the president of a university [Chicago State University] was Dean of Hampton University School of Nursing in the 1980s.[34]
1882 – The inspector of hospitals in New Zealand sent for Nightingale nurses from Britain.[35]:5
1891 – Daniel Hale Williams founds Provident Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, the first interracial hospital and training school for black nurses and interns.
1893 - Rebecca Strong started the first training school for nurses at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, based on Nightingale's model, and her methods were later widely adopted by the profession.[37]
1897 – The American Nurses Association holds its first meeting in February as the "Associated Alumnae of Trained Nurses of the United States and Canada".
1899–1902 – During the 1899–1902 South African Boer War, nurses from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand serve as private citizens or with the British nursing forces.
1908 – The New Zealand Nurses Organisation's journal, Kai Tiaki[44] was first published.[45]
1908 – Representatives of 16 organized nursing bodies meet in Ottawa to form the Canadian National Association of Trained Nurses, which will become the Canadian Nurses Association in 1911.[46]
1917 – Mrs. Annie Kamauoha is recognized as Hawaii's first graduate nurse from the Queen's Hospital Training School for Nurses. Her pin was designed by Queen Liliuokalani and was presented to her by the queen before the queen died later that year.
1918 – Lenah Higbee is awarded the Navy Cross for distinguished service in the line of her profession and unusual and conspicuous devotion to duty as superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps. She is the first living woman to receive this honor.[38]
1919 – The UK passes the Nursing Act of 1919, which provides for registration of nurses. The first name entered in the register as SRN001 was Ethel Gordon Fenwick.[54]
1922 – Filipino Nurses Association was founded. The FNA was admitted as member of the International Council of Nurses (ICN) in 1929. The FNA which was renamed Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) in 1962 continues to uphold its vision to uplift the ideals and spirit of the nursing profession in the country and to win for the profession the respect and recognition of the international community
1923 – The Nursing Act of 1919 becomes effective and Ethel Gordon Fenwick is the first nurse registered in the UK.
1942 – Beveridge Report recommends comprehensive health care funded through National Insurance.[62]
1943 – Mary Elizabeth Lancaster (Carnegie) is appointed the acting director of the Division of Nursing Education at Hampton Institute in Hampton, Virginia. Through her direction the first baccalaureate nursing program in the Commonwealth of Virginia is created.[33]
1943 – The Mid-Atlantic state of Delaware was the first to admit the African American nurses to membership as a state nurses.[63]
1944 – Ludwig Guttmanns Spinal Unit at Stoke Mandeville was formally opened on 1 February with one patient and twenty-six beds.[64]
1944 – The first baccalaureate nursing program in the Commonwealth of Virginia is created at the Hampton University School of Nursing.[33]
1948– The first baccalaureate nursing program in the State of Alabama is established at Tuskegee University under the leadership of Dr. Lillian H. Harvey, Dean.[65]
1949 – Mary Elizabeth Carnegie is the first black person elected to the board of the Florida Nurses Association with the right to speak and vote.[66]
1949 – Formation of College of Nursing Australia.[12]
1950s
1950-1953 - Korean War: 1500 nurses are the only female members of the US Army allowed on the Korean peninsula, serving in MASH units near the front lines.[67]
1951 – Males join the United Kingdom same register of nurses as females for the first time.[68]
1951 – National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service[69] (NAPNES) along with professional nursing organizations and the U.S. Department of Education created Vocational Nursing standards for education and the LPN / LVN level of nursing was created in the United States.
1965 – A Japanese court rules on the regulation regarding night shifts of nurses, limiting them to 8 days a month and banning single-person night shifts altogether.[26]
1966 – The Filipino Nurses Association was renamed as The Philippine Nurses Association[83]
1967 – The Salmon Report recommends the reorganisation of the NHS management, ultimately leading to the abolishment of matrons[84]
1967 – New Zealand nursing undergo changes from being hospital-based apprenticeships to tertiary education institutions.[87]
1970s
1971 – The Carpenter report was released, this was a review released by New Zealand centered around the nursing education system, the report advocated training nurses in an educational environment. The government however decided that polytechs not universities were more appropriate for this, however the consequences of this were that nurses were only diploma level not degree level.[12]
1973 – Christchurch and Wellington Polytechnics offer diploma-level nursing education; Massey and Victoria Universities (Wellington) start their post-registration bachelor's degrees.[12]
1974 – Yale Nursing School dean Florence Wald et al. found Connecticut Hospice, launching the hospice movement in the U.S.
1974 – The classic definition of health which has endured for many years, was actually provided by the World Health Organization.[12]
1975 – First nursing diploma program in Australia in a College of Advanced Education (CAE) in Melbourne, followed quickly by programs in New South Wales, South Australia and Western Australia.[12]
1976 – The first master's degree program in nursing for a historically Black College or University[88] (HBCU) founded at Hampton University School of Nursing.[33]
1976 – Roy Adaptation Theory published, Sister Callista Roy nursing theorist
1977 – The M. Elizabeth Carnegie Nursing Archives is created by Dr. Patricia E. Sloan at the Hampton University School of Nursing.[33] This is the only repository for memorabilia on minority nurses in the United States. The focus of the archives is African American nurses.
1982 – Florence Nightingale Trust was created where they had Florence Nightingales letters, artifacts and publications made viewable to the public and protected at the 'Florence Nightingale Museum'.[92]
1983 – The first edition of Modeling and Role-Modeling: A Theory and Paradigm for Nursing by Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Ann Swain was published, arguing for the client as the primary source of information and the client's worldview as essential data for nursing practice.
1983 – The importance of human rights in nursing is made explicit in a statement adopted by the International Council of Nurses.
1983 – UKCC becomes the profession's new regulatory body in the UK.
1984 – Under the Australian federal government plan, tertiary education for all Australian nurses was adopted.[7]
1993 – After reforms in 1993, nursing education in Sweden is changing from vocational training to academic education.[94]
1999 – Elnora D. Daniel is the first black nurse elected president of a major university, Chicago State University.[30]
1999 – The first doctor of philosophy degree program in nursing for a Historically Black College or University[88] (HBCU) is founded at Hampton University School of Nursing.[33] This doctoral program is unique in that it is the only doctoral program in the country that focuses on family and family-related nursing research.
1999 –
I define caring as a "nurturing way of relating to a valued 'other' toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility"
—(Swanson 1991) harv error: no target: CITEREFSwanson1991 (help), page 162
1999 – 9-day strike of nurses and midwives in Ireland.[95][96]
2004 – The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) recommends that all advanced practice nurses earn a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree.[97]
2004 – The New Zealand Health Practitioners Competence Assurance (2003) Act comes into full power on 18 September. This covers the requirements for nurses to have current competences relating to their scope of practice.[98]
2004 – The National Council of State Boards of Nursing initiated its Nursing License Compact which allows an RN who holds a license in one Compact state (USA), to work in another Compact state without having that state's license. (As of 2015[update] there are twenty-four Compact states and four with pending legislation to join.)[99]
2008 – Courtney Lyder becomes the first male minority dean of a nursing school in the United States.[100]
2008 – National Council for State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) issues final report: "NCSBN Consensus Model for APRN Regulation: Licensure, Accreditation, Certification & Education".
2009 – Carnegie Foundation releases the results of its study of nursing education, "Educating Nurses: A Call for Radical Transformation".
2010 – Institute for the Future of Nursing (IFN) releases evidence-based recommendations to lead change for improved health care.[101]
2010 – A national registration for all nurses and midwives came into force in Australia in July.[7]
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