The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Baghdad, Iraq.
- 2000 BCE – Babylonian city of Baghdadu in existence (approximate date).[1]
- 762 CE
- 767 – Al-Mansur Mosque built.[4]
- 775 – Bab al-Taq (gate) built.[5]
- 786 – Harun al-Rashid in power.[6]
- 794 – Paper mill in operation.[6][7]
- 799 – Mashhad al-Kazimiyya built.[4]
- 812-813 Siege of Baghdad, Fourth Fitna (Islamic Civil War)
- 814 – City captured by al-Ma'mun.[6]
- 827 – Tomb of Zobeide built.[8]
- 836 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tasim relocated from Baghdad to Samarra.[9]
- 850 – Book of Ingenious Devices published.[10]
- 855 – Funeral of Ahmad ibn Hanbal.[11]
- 861 – 11 December: Caliph Al-Mutawakkil assassinated.[6]
- 865 – City wall built.[12]
- 865-866 Caliphal Civil War, was an armed conflict during the "Anarchy at Samarra" between the rival caliphs al-Musta'in and al-Mu'tazz.
- 892 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tamid relocated to Baghdad from Samarra.[9]
- 901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.[13]
- 908 – Al-Khulafa Mosque built.[4]
- 946 – Battle of Baghdad; Shia Buyids in power.[9]
- 993 – Dar al-'Ilm (educational institution) founded.[14]
- 1055 – Seljuq Nizam al-Mulk in power.[6]
- 1060 – Dar al-Kutub (library) founded.[14]
- 1066 – Abu Hanifa Mosque restored.[citation needed]
- 1067 – Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (college) established.[9][15]
- 1095 – City wall rebuilt.[12]
- 1157 - Siege of Baghdad, Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
- 1180 – Caliph al-Nasir in power.
- 1193 – Jami' Zumurrud Khatun (mosque) and Turbat Zumurrud Khatun (tomb) built.[4]
- 1202 – Minaret of Jami' al-Khaffafin built (approximate date).[4]
- 1215 – Tomb of Maruf el-Kerkhi built.[8]
- 1221 – Bab al-Talsim (Talisman gate) built.[4]
- 1226 - al-Baghdadi compiles Kitab al-Tabikh (1226) [ar] (cookbook).
- 1228 – Jami' al-Qumriyya Mosque built.[4]
- 1230 – Al-Qasr al-Abbasi fi al-Qal'a built (approximate date).[4]
- 1232 – Al-Mustansiriya Madrasah established.[4][13]
- 1252 – Shrine of Abdul-Kadir built.[8]
- 1258 – January–February: City destroyed by forces of Mongol Hulagu Khan during the Siege of Baghdad; most of population killed.[9][1]
- 1272 – Marco Polo visits city (approximate date).[9]
- 1326 – Ibn Battuta visits city.[16]
- 1357 – Al-Madrasah al-Mirjaniyya built.[4]
- 1358 – Khan al-Mirjan built.[4]
- 1393 – City captured by Timur.[9]
- 1401 – City captured by Timur again.[9][1]
- 1405 – Sultan Ahmed Jalayir in power.[9]
- 1417 – City taken by Qara Yusuf.[8]
- 1468 – Aq Qoyunlu in power.[6]
- 1508 - City taken by Persian Ismail I.[17]
- 1534
- 1535 – City becomes capital of the Baghdad Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire.
- 1544 – City taken by forces of Suleiman I.[8]
- 1578 – Al-Muradiyya Mosque built.[4]
- 1601 – Coffeehouse built.[18]
- 1602 – City taken by forces of Abbas I of Persia.[8][1]
- 1623 – 23 January: Capture of Baghdad by Safavids.[9][1]
- 1625 - Siege of Baghdad, Ottoman–Safavid Wars
- 1638 – Capture of Baghdad by forces of Ottoman Murad IV.[19]
- 1682 – Khaseki mosque built.[1]
- 1683 – City besieged.[9]
- 1780 – Mamluk Sulayman Pasha the Great in power.[9]
- 1795 – Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya built.[4]
- 1799 – City besieged by Wahhabi-Saudi forces.[9]
- 1816 – Mamluk Dawud Pasha in power.[9]
- 1823 – Population: 80,000 (estimate).[20]
- 1826 – Haydar-Khana Mosque constructed in its current form.[4]
- 1830
- 1831 – Flood, then famine.[9]
- 1841 – Lynch Brothers in business.[22]
- 1848 – Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad established.
- 1849 – Remnants discovered of quay of Nebuchadrezzar, from Babylonian city of Baghdadu.[1]
- 1861 – Istanbul-Baghdad telegraph line installed.[23]
- 1865
- 1869 – Midhat Pasha in power.[9]
- 1870
- Municipal council established.[9]
- City walls demolished.[13]
- 1871 – Population: 65,000.[21]
- 1880 – Turkish camel post begins operating (approximate date).[1]
- 1895 – Population: 100,000 (estimate).[8]
- 1899 – Alliance Israélite girls' school established.[1]
1950s–1990s
- 1952
- Uprising.[9]
- Modern Theatre Company formed.[31]
- 1953 – Baghdad Central Station built.
- 1956
- Samarra Barrage constructed on the Tigris River near the city.[34]
- May: Government television begins broadcasting.[35]
- Uprising.[36]
- Iraqi Artists Society formed.[37]
- 1957
- 1958
- 1959
- 1960 – September: OPEC founded at Baghdad Conference (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela).
- 1961 – Iraq National Library and Archive established.
- 1963
- 1964 – Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital established.
- 1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.[38]
- 1966
- 1967 – Firqat Ittahaad al-Fannaaneed theatre group formed.[31]
- 1968 – National Theatre Company established.[31]
- 1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).[40]
- 1971 – Baghdad Zoo opens.
- 1975 – Central Post Office built.[4]
- 1978 – November: Arab League summit.
- 1980
- 1981 – National Film Center and Saddam Hussein Gymnasium (now Baghdad Gymnasium) built.[4]
- 1982
- 1983 – Al-Shaheed Monument built.[4]
- 1985
- Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.[31]
- Amanat Al Assima Housing complex and Central Bank of Iraq building constructed.[4]
- 1987 - Population: 3,841,268.[41]
- 1988 – Saddam University established.
- 1989 – Victory Arch erected.[34]
- 1991
- 1993 – 26 June: Missile strikes by United States.
- 1994 – Baghdad Tower constructed.
Jacob Lassner (1966). "Massignon and Baghdad: The Complexities of Growth in an Imperial City". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 9 (1/2): 1–27. doi:10.2307/3596170. JSTOR 3596170.
Jacqueline Griffin (1996), "Baghdad", in Trudy Ring (ed.), Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-884964-03-9
Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Baghdad", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
Jim Al-Khalili (2010), Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science, London: Allen Lane, ISBN 978-1-84614-161-4
Francoise Micheau (2008). "Baghdad in the Abbasid Era". The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16240-2.
Markman Ellis (2004). The Coffee-House: a Cultural History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-84319-2.
Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Bagdad", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
Edward Balfour, ed. (1871). "Baghdad". Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (2nd ed.). Madras: Scottish and Adelphi Press.
Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History. Oxford University Press. 1988.
Lorimer (1908). "City of Baghdad". Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing India.
Oliver Leaman, ed. (2001), Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-18703-9
Peter Sluglett (2007), Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932, NY: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-14200-7
Caecilia Pieri (2008). "Modernity and its Posts in Constructing an Arab Capital: Baghdad's Urban Space and Architecture". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 42 (1/2): 32–39. JSTOR 23063540.
Douglas A. Boyd (1982). "Radio and Television in Iraq: The Electronic Media in a Transitional Arab World Country". Middle Eastern Studies. 18 (4): 400–410. doi:10.1080/00263208208700522. JSTOR 4282908.
Kwasi Kwarteng (2011), Ghosts of empire: Britain's legacies in the modern world, New York: PublicAffairs
Orit Bashkin (2008), The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-5992-2
Terri Ginsberg; Chris Lippard (2010), Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema, USA: Scarecrow Press
Published in 17th–18th centuries
Published in 19th century
- J.B.L.J. Rousseau (1809). Description du pachalik de Bagdad (in French).
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Bagdad", The Cycloppædia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
- Robert Ker Porter (1821), "(Bagdad)", Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, ancient Babylonia, &c. &c, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, OCLC 5524754
- Robert Mignan (1829), "(Bagdad)", Travels in Chaldæa, London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley
- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Bagdad". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- Anthony Norris Groves (1832), Journal of a residence at Bagdad during the years 1830 and 1831, London: J. Nisbet, OCLC 5000777, OL 13493447M
- "Bagdad". American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge. 1. Boston: Boston Bewick Co. 1834. hdl:2027/hvd.hny8ty.
- Josiah Conder (1834), "Bagdad", Dictionary of Geography, Ancient and Modern, London: T. Tegg
- James Raymond Wellsted (1840), "Bagdat", Travels to the City of the Caliphs, along the Shores of the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, London: H. Colburn, OCLC 5395027
- Thomas Bartlett (1841). "Bagdad". New Tablet of Memory; or, Chronicle of Remarkable Events. London: Thomas Kelly.
- Theodore Alois Buckley (1862), "Bagdad", Great Cities of the Middle Ages (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge
- George Henry Townsend (1867), "Bagdad", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "Baghdad", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, OCLC 2613202
- Grattan Geary (1878), "City of the Caliphs", Through Asiatic Turkey, London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, OCLC 4918876
- Ibn Serapion; Guy Le Strange (1895). "Description of Mesopotamia and Baghdad, written about the year 900 AD by Ibn Serapion". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. London. hdl:2027/mdp.39015020450659.
- Max Freiherr von Oppenheim (1899), "Baġdād", Vom Mittelmeer zum Persischen Golf (in German), Berlin: D. Reimer (E. Vohsen), OCLC 13166400
- Guy Le Strange (1900), Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate, Oxford: Clarendon Press (Bibliography + Index).
Published in 20th century
- "Bagdad", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
- Pedro Teixeira (1902), "Concerning the City of Bagdad", The Travels of Pedro Teixeira, translated by William F. Sinclair, London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society
- Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (1904), L' introduction topographique â l'histoire de Bagdâdh d'Aboû Bakr Aḥmad ibn Thâbit al-Khatîb al-Bagdâdhî (in French), translated by George Salmon, Paris: É. Bouillon, OCLC 23419471, OL 6942714M
- "Bagdad", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 2, New York: KTAV Publishing House, 1907
- "Bagdad". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Bagdad", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke; Peters, John Punnett (1910). "Bagdad (city)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 194–198.
- "Baghdad". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1913. p. 563?+. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
- Sven Hedin (1918), "Bagdad einst und jetzt", Bagdad, Babylon, Ninive (in German), Leipzig: Brockhaus
- Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi (1923–1924). M. Bahjat al-Atharī (ed.). Manāqib Baghdād (in Arabic). Baghdād: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Salām.
- Freya Stark (1932). Baghdad Sketches.
- Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Baghdad", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 140, OL 6112221M
- Ibn al-Banna; George Makdisi (1956–1957). "Autograph diary of an eleventh-century historian of Baghdad". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 18: 9–31. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00122189. S2CID 246637775.
- "Baghdad", Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 92, OL 5812502M
- J. Gulick (1967). "Baghdad: portrait of a city in physical and cultural change". Journal of the American Institute of Planners. 33 (4): 246–255. doi:10.1080/01944366708977925.
- Jacob Lassner. The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages. Detroit: Wayne University Press, 1970.
- Gaston Wiet (1971), Baghdad: metropolis of the Abbasid caliphate, translated by Seymour Feiler, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 0-8061-0922-X
- "Iraq: Baghdad", Middle East, Australia: Lonely Planet, 1994, p. 302+, OL 16516298W
- Hanne, Eric J. "The Caliphate revisited: The Abbasids of eleventh and twelfth century Baghdad" (PhD dissertation, University of Michigan; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1998. 9909898).
- John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000). "Baghdad". Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 43+. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9.
- Stefano Bianca (2000), "Baghdad: an Arab Metropolis between Conservation and Redevelopment", Urban form in the Arab world, Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich, ISBN 3-7281-1972-5
Published in 21st century