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Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
Insurgency in Iraq since the defeat of ISIL From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Islamic State insurgency in Iraq is an ongoing low-intensity insurgency that began in 2017 after the Islamic State (IS) lost its territorial control in the War in Iraq, during which IS and allied White Flags fought the Iraqi military (largely backed by the United States, United Kingdom and other countries conducting airstrikes against IS) and allied paramilitary forces (largely backed by Iran).
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Context
The insurgency is a direct continuation of the War in Iraq from 2013 to 2017, with IS continuing armed opposition against the Shia-led Iraqi Government. Along with the Islamic State, other insurgents fighting the government include a group known as the White Flags which is reportedly composed of former IS members and Kurdish rebels and is believed by the government of Iraq to be part of Ansar al-Islam and possibly affiliated with al-Qaeda.[20] The group operates mostly in the Kirkuk Governorate and has used an assortment of guerilla tactics against government forces. In September 2017, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of IS, called on IS supporters around the world to launch attacks on Western news media and continued in his message the IS must focus on combating the two-pronged attack on the Muslim Ummah; these statements marked a departure from previous rhetoric which was focused on the state building of IS and heralded a shift in IS's strategy toward a classical insurgency.[21]
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Course of the insurgency
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Perspective
Since IS's loss of all territory in Iraq in late 2017 which was declared as Iraq's victory over IS and widely seen as an end to the war, and declared as such by Iraq's Prime Minister Haidar al-Abadi,[22] multiple incidents of violence have occurred being carried out by the conflicting sides, in spite of Iraq's declaration of victory over IS the group is widely seen as far from gone and continues to retain a presence throughout Iraq, and still capable of carrying out attacks and skirmishes with pro-government forces.[23] IS has been waging a guerrilla war with a strong presence in the governorates of Kirkuk, Diyala, Saladin, and Sulaymaniyah, with local forces largely ill-equipped and inexperienced, IS has also taken advantage of the areas' rough terrain to carry out operations. IS has also made a notable presence in the cities of Kirkuk, Hawija and Tuz Khurmato and has carried out attacks at night in rural areas.
IS fighters also reportedly move through villages during the day without interference from security forces, and locals have been asked by IS to give fighters food and give information on the whereabouts of Iraqi personnel, locals have also stated that IS fighters will frequently enter into Mosques and ask for Zakat to fund the insurgency. Among IS's operations include assassinations, kidnappings, raids and ambushes.[24]
As of 2021, U.S. officials warned that IS "remains capable of waging a prolonged insurgency” but also described IS in Iraq as "diminished”. Iraqi intelligence estimated that IS has 2,000–3,000 fighters in Iraq.[25][26]
Following IS's defeat in December 2017, they have been greatly weakened and violence in Iraq has been sharply reduced. 20 civilians lost their lives from violence-related incidents during October 2024, the lowest figure in 21 years.[27] By 2024, attacks claimed by IS have gone down by 94% compared to 2019.[28]
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Timeline
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2018
In 2018, 3,643 IS militants, 937 Iraqi security forces, 11 American service members, 1 British service member were killed. The death toll in this year was noted to be the lowest since 2003, when the United States invaded the country.[29]
Notable[a] events this year include:
- 2018 Baghdad bombings: On 15 January 2018, two suicide bombings took place at al-Tayaran Square of Baghdad, killing 36 people and injuring more than 105 others.
- Erbil Governate building standoff (2018): On 23 July 2018 Three gunmen stormed the Erbil Governorate building, killing one civilian and injuring a security guard before barricading themselves inside. Kurdish security forces neutralized the attackers with 2 dead and 1 captured (3 more connected to the attack arrested).
- 2018 Asdira funeral bombing: On 12 April 2018, a bombing killed 25 people and wounded 18 others. The attack took place at a funeral for Iraqi fighters who had been killed by IS.
2019
In 2019, 1,129 IS militants and 387 Iraqi security forces were killed.[30]
Notable[a] events this year include:
- 2019 Karbala bombing: On 20 September, 2019, a bomb exploded on a minibus near Karbala, Iraq, killing 12 civilians and injuring at least five others. The bombing was one of the worst attacks against civilians since the end of the War in Iraq of 2013 to 2017.
- 2019 K-1 Air Base attack: A rocket attack was carried out on the K-1 Air Base in Kirkuk province in Iraq on 27 December 2019. The air base was one of many Iraqi military bases that host Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) personnel and, according to the coalition, was attacked by more than 30 rockets. The identity of the perpetrators is disputed.
2020
In 2020, 777 IS militants and 412 Iraqi security forces were killed.[31]
Notable[a] events this year include:
- Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2020–2021): On 20 March 2020, CJTF-OIR confirmed that certain troops would be withdrawing from Iraq due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2021
In 2021, 487 IS militants and 409 Iraqi security forces were killed.[32]
Notable[a] events this year include:
- January 2021 Baghdad bombings: Two suicide bombers attacked an open-air market in central Baghdad, Iraq. They killed at least 32 people and injured another 110. This was the Iraqi capital’s first terrorist attack since 2019.
2022
In 2022, 564 IS militants and 183 Iraqi security forces were killed. Furthermore, one US Marine died of non-combat related causes.[33]
Notable[a] events this year include:
- 2022 Diyala massacre: On January 21, 2022, several Islamic State gunmen raided an Iraqi Army base in rural al-Azim district, Diyala Governorate. At least 11 Iraqi soldiers were killed in their sleep.
- 2022 Kirkuk bombing: At least nine police officers were killed when a convoy hit a roadside bomb near Kirkuk, Iraq. The bombing was followed by a gun fight. One Islamic State militant was reported killed.
2023
In 2023, 281 IS militants, 61 Iraqi security forces and 3 French soldiers were killed.[34]
2024
In 2024, 235 IS militants, 58 Iraqi security personnel and 42 civilians were killed. A further 166 IS militants were executed in prisons across Iraq.[35]
Notable[a] events this year include:
- 2024 Anbar raid: On 31 August 2024, a raid occurred in Al Anbar Governorate where at least fifteen Islamic State militants were killed and six U.S. soldiers were injured.
2025
Notable[a] events this year include:
- 2025 Duhok axe attack: On 1 April 2025, a Syrian national[36] went on a short-lived spree of attacks against Assyrians celebrating the annual Kha b-Nisan festival in Duhok. Two people are confirmed to have been injured from the attacks,[37] while other sources suggest that an additional third person was from the Asayish was injured. A source close to Iraqi Shafaq News stated that the attacker had conducted the attack as a terrorist operation linked to IS, but investigations have so far failed to uncover a specific motive.[38]
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Gallery
- Coalition airstrike on IS positions, Qanus Island, Iraq, September 2019
1st Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment of the US Army drill with the Battelle Drone Defender in Iraq, 30 October 2018. US troops anticipate IS units deploying drones during reconnaissance or attacks
Marines of 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines packing up gear to withdraw from Al-Taqaddum Air Base, 24 March 2020
On 6 February 2021, the coalition's CTEF (Counter-IS Train and Equip Fund) program delivered 15 land cruisers and 36 M249 Squad Automatic Weapons to Iraqi security forces at Al Asad Airbase.
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See also
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- Iraq Body Count project
- 2015–2018 Iraqi protests
- 2019–2021 Iraqi protests
- Eastern Syria insurgency, a similar insurgency in neighboring Syria
- Casualty recording
- List of terrorist incidents (1970–present)
Notes
- Defined as passing Wikipedia's notability guidelines and warranting an independent article
References
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