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Testosterone cypionate
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Testosterone cypionate, sold under the brand name Depo-Testosterone among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men.[2][3][4] It is also used in hormone therapy for transgender men.[5][6] It is given by injection into muscle or subcutaneously, once every one to four weeks, depending on clinical indication.[4][7][8][9]
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Trade names | Depo-Testosterone, others |
Other names | TC; TCPP; Testosterone cipionate; Testosterone cyclopentylpropionate; Testosterone cyclopentanepropionate; Testosterone 17β-cyclopentylpropionate |
Routes of administration | Intramuscular injection |
Drug class | Androgen; Anabolic steroid; Androgen ester |
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Bioavailability | Oral: very low Intramuscular: very high |
Metabolism | Liver |
Elimination half-life | ~8 days i.m.Tooltip intramuscular injection)[1] |
Excretion | 90% Urine; 6% feces[1] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.335 ![]() |
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Formula | C27H40O3 |
Molar mass | 412.614 g·mol−1 |
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Side effects of testosterone cypionate include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire.[4] Testosterone supplementation is also known to reduce the threshold for aggressive behavior in men.[10] The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).[11][4] Testosterone cypionate is converted by the body to testosterone that has both androgenic effects and anabolic effects, which make it useful for producing masculinization and suitable for androgen replacement therapy;[4] still, the relative potency of these effects can depend on various factors and is a topic of ongoing research.[12][13] Testosterone can either directly exert effects on target tissues or be metabolized by 5α-reductase into DHT or aromatized to estradiol (E2).[12] Both testosterone and DHT bind to an androgen receptor; however, DHT has a stronger binding affinity than testosterone and may have more androgenic effect in certain tissues at lower levels.[12] Testosterone cypionate is a testosterone ester and a long-lasting prodrug of testosterone in the body.[7][2][3] Because of this, it is considered to be a natural and bioidentical form of testosterone.[14]
Testosterone cypionate was introduced for medical use in 1951.[15][16] Along with testosterone enanthate, testosterone undecanoate, and testosterone propionate, it is one of the most commonly used testosterone esters.[11][4] It is used mainly in the United States.[4] In addition to its medical use, testosterone cypionate is used to improve physique and performance.[4] The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit.[4]