Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Former unrecognized theocratic monarchy (1851–1864) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, officially the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (1851–1864), was a theocratic absolute monarchy which sought to overthrow the Qing dynasty. The Heavenly Kingdom, or Heavenly Dynasty,[1][lower-alpha 1] was led by Hong Xiuquan. Its capital was at Tianjing, present-day Nanjing. The unsuccessful war it waged against the Qing is known as the Taiping Rebellion.
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Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–1861) 太平天囯 God's Heavenly Kingdom (1861) 上帝天囯 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of the Heavenly Father, Heavenly Brother, and Heavenly King (1861–1864) 天父天兄天王太平天囯 | |||||||||
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1851–1864 | |||||||||
Seal of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 太平天囯之璽 | |||||||||
Capital | Tianjing (now Nanjing) | ||||||||
Religion | |||||||||
Government | Theocratic absolute monarchy | ||||||||
Taiping Heavenly King | |||||||||
• 1851–1864 | Hong Xiuquan | ||||||||
• 1864 | Hong Tianguifu | ||||||||
Kings/Prince | |||||||||
• 1851–1852 | Feng Yunshan (South King) | ||||||||
• 1851–1856 | Yang Xiuqing (East King) | ||||||||
• 1851–1852 | Xiao Chaogui (West King) | ||||||||
• 1851–1856 | Wei Changhui (North King) | ||||||||
• 1851–1863 | Shi Dakai (Wing King) | ||||||||
• 1859–1864 | Hong Rengan (Shield King) | ||||||||
Historical era | Late modern period | ||||||||
11 January 1851 | |||||||||
19 March 1853 | |||||||||
1856 | |||||||||
19 July 1864 | |||||||||
• Capture of Hong Tianguifu | 25 October 1864 | ||||||||
Currency | Shengbao (cash) | ||||||||
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Today part of | China |
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 太平天囯 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 太平天国 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning |
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A self-proclaimed younger brother of Jesus Christ[3] and convert to Protestant Christianity, Hong Xiuquan led an army that controlled a significant part of southern China during the middle of the 19th century, eventually expanding to a size of nearly 30 million people. The rebel kingdom announced social reforms and the replacement of Buddhism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion, and Islam by his form of Christianity, holding that he was the second son of God and the younger brother of Jesus. The Taiping areas were besieged by Qing forces throughout most of the rebellion. The Qing government defeated the rebellion with the eventual aid of French and British forces.