Surkhakhi

Surkhakhi (Ingush: СурхотӀе, romanized: Surkhothe^[a]) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nazranovsky District of the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia. It forms the municipality of the rural settlement of Surkhakhi as the only settlement in its composition.^[12]

Surkhakhi Сурхахи
Selo
Other transcription(s)
• Ingush	СурхотӀе[a]
Location of Surkhakhi
Surkhakhi Location of Surkhakhi Show map of Russia Surkhakhi Surkhakhi (Republic of Ingushetia) Show map of Republic of Ingushetia
Coordinates: 43°11′16″N 44°54′13″E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Ingushetia
Founded	1836[7]
Elevation	651 m (2,136 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[8]
• Total	10 628
• Estimate  (2021)[9]	13 153
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	Nazranovsky District
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [10])
Postal code(s)[11]	386124
OKTMO ID	26605445101

Geography

The village is located on the left bank of the Kench River, 9 km southeast of the regional center - the city of Nazran and 9 km northeast of the city of Magas .

The nearest settlements: in the south-west — the city of Magas and the village of Ali-Yurt [ru], in the west — the village of Ekazhevo, in the north-west — the village of Gazi-Yurt, in the north — the village of Yandare, in the north-east — the village of Nesterovskaya, in the east — the village of Alkhasty [ru] and in the southeast - the village of Galashki.

History

The village of Surkhakhi was founded in 1836.^[7] According to one of the official versions, on the territory, including the village of Surkhakhi, there was the ancient city of Magas — the capital of the medieval polyethnic state of Alania, which also included the territory of modern Ingushetia. In this version, we are talking about the complex of ancient settlements "Yandare - Gazi-Yurt - Ekazhevo - Ali-Yurt - Surkhakhi", which are a single fortified area of early medieval fortresses and many settlements between them. More than 30 settlements, numerous settlements, connecting them with defensive ditches and funerary monuments of the Alanian period were recorded in this area.^[13]

In July 1919, when Ingushetia was under the rule of Denikin's forces and the people of Surkhakhi left the village, Mandre Nalgiev with his mother remained in the village. Mandre defended Surkhakhi for 9 days, coming out victorious as the Ingush militants came for help and liberated the village.^[14] The villagers also attacked and disarmed a White Guard echelon in Nazran. To suppress the uprising, the command of the volunteer army was forced to withdraw 15 thousand bayonets from the front. In 1927, the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, M. I. Kalinin, presented the villagers with a letter of thanks for their active support of the Red Army.^[15]

From 1944 to 1958, during the period of the deportation of Chechens and Ingush and the abolition of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR, the village was called Mamison.^[16][17]

Archeological finds

To date, directly in Surkhakhi, archaeologists have found and recorded: 1.5 km west of the village "Surkhahin settlement No. 1" — "Khatoy boarz", 1.7 km west of the village, 200 meters "near an artificial pond in the Erz-Eli tract — "Surkhakhinsky settlement No. 2", 50 m from it "Surkhakhinsky settlement No. 3", 1.5-2 km north-west of the village on the left bank of the Kench River Surkhakhinsky settlement No. 4" — "Ters vakha chu", 1 km to the east of the village "Surkhakhinsky settlement No. 5, to the south-west of the village "Surkhakhinsky settlement No. 6, to the west of the village "Surkhahinsk settlement No. 7" — "Arapkha boarzash", 1.5 km south-east of the village "Surkhakhinskoe settlement No. 8" — "Daka am Kerte", 2.5 km south-west of the village "Surkhahinskoe settlement No. 9" - "Khoriy bose", part of the village near the former farm "Surkhakhinsky settlement No. 10" — "Ehka boarz", 3-4 km southeast of the village "Surkhakha settlement No. 11" — "Shin ken duk".^[18]

Notable people

• Batal Hajji Belkhoroev, an Ingush sheikh^[19][20][21] of the Qadiriyya Sufi order who founded an independent wird that spread among the Ingush and the Chechens.^[22]
• Mandre Nalgiev, an Ingush sniper and avenger.

Notes

1. 
    • Commonly mentioned as 'Surkhothe' (Ingush: СурхотIе),^[1][2][3][4] however the village was sometimes mentioned as 'Surkhokhathe' (Ingush: СурхохатIе)^[5] or 'Surkho-Khithe' (Ingush: Сурхо-Хитӏе).^[6]

References

1. Ужахов 1927, p. 140.
2. Волкова 1974, p. 167.
3. Барахоева, Кодзоев & Хайров 2016, p. 28.
4. Кодзоев 2021, p. 561.
5. Мальсагов 1963, p. 148.
6. Оздоев 1980, p. 831.
7. "Список населённых пунктов по Ингушской АО, составленный по материалам Всесоюзной переписи населения 1926 года". / p. 9
8. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
9. "Таблица 5. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, городских округов, муниципальных районов, муниципальных округов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3000 человек и более". Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года
10. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
11. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
12. "Закон Республики Ингушетия от 23 февраля 2009 года № 5-рз «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Республики Ингушетия и наделении их статусом сельского поселения, муниципального района и городского округа»".
13. Исторический проект «Ингушетия:Исторические Параллели». "Аланы в I—IX вв". Ghalghay.com
14. Багаудин Зязиков. Девять дней из жизни героя.
15. Яндиева & Мальсагов 2007, pp. 36–37.
16. "В Президиум Верховного Совета РСФСР. Президиум Верховного Совета Северо-Осетинской АССР просит утвердить его постановление о переименовании населённых пунктов в новых районах, вошедших в состав Северо-Осетинской АССР..." Archived from the original on 2018-08-30.
17. Ведомости Верховного Совета РСФСР, 1958, № 5.
18. Кодзоев 2001.
19. Месхидзе 1998, p. 107.
20. Месхидзе 1999, p. 15.
21. Лысцева 2015, p. 199.
22. Zelkina 2019.

Bibliography

• Ужахов, М. Г. (1927). Ингушско-русский словарик [Ingush-Russian dictionary] (in Ingush and Russian). Владикавказ: Крайнациздат. pp. 1–185.
• Волкова, Н. Г. (1974). Этнический состав населения Северного Кавказа в XVIII — начале XX века [Ethnic composition of the population of the North Caucasus in the 18th - early 20th centuries] (in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 1–276.
• Барахоева, Н. М.; Кодзоев, Н. Д.; Хайров, Б. А. (2016). Ингушско-русский словарь терминов [Ingush-Russian dictionary of terms] (in Ingush and Russian) (2 ed.). Нальчик: ООО «Тетраграф». pp. 1–288.
• Кодзоев, Н. Д. (2021). Хайрова, Р. Р. (ed.). Русско-ингушский словарь [Russian-Ingush dictionary] (in Ingush and Russian). Ростов-на-Дону. pp. 1–656. ISBN 978-5-906785-55-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Мальсагов, З. К. (1963). Оздоева, Ф. (ed.). Грамматика ингушского языка [Grammar of the Ingush language] (in Ingush and Russian). Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). Грозный: Чечено-Ингушское Книжное Издательство. pp. 1–164.
• Оздоев, И. А. (1980). Оздоева, Ф. Г.; Куркиев, А. С. (eds.). Русско-ингушский словарь: 40 000 слов [Russian-Ingush dictionary: 40,000 words] (in Ingush and Russian). Москва: Русский язык. pp. 1–832.
• Кодзоев, Н. Д. (2001). "Местонахождение и значение названия аланской столицы города Магас" [Location and meaning of the name of the Alanian capital city of Magas]. Вестник Археологического центра (in Russian) (1). Назрань: 43–52.
• Яндиева, М. Д.; Мальсагов, А. Д. (2007). Государственный террор в Ингушетии в 20 - 50-е годы XX века. Исследование и Мартирологи [State terror in Ingushetia in the 20-50s of the 20th century. Research and Martyrology] (in Russian). Москва: ООО «Алмаз». pp. 1–272. ISBN 978-5-94824-096-1.
• Месхидзе, Дж. И. (1998). "Чечено-Ингушетия" [Checheno-Ingushetia]. In Прозоров, С. М. (ed.). Ислам на территории бывшей Российской империи. Энциклопедический словарь. Выпуск 1 [Islam in the territory of the former Russian Empire. Encyclopedic Dictionary. 1st issue] (in Russian). Москва: Издательская фирма «Восточная литература» РАН. pp. 105–108. ISBN 5-02-018047-5.
• Месхидзе, Дж. И. (1999). "Батал-Хаджжи" [Batal-Hajji]. In Прозоров, С. М. (ed.). Ислам на территории бывшей Российской империи. Энциклопедический словарь. Выпуск 2 [Islam in the territory of the former Russian Empire. Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2nd issue] (in Russian). Москва: Издательская фирма «Восточная литература» РАН. pp. 15–16. ISBN 5-02-018137-4.
• Лысцева, И. В. (2015). "Русская православная церковь и ссыльные горцы Северного Кавказа в Центрально-Европейской части России в середине XIX — начала XX вв." [The Russian Orthodox Church and the exiled highlanders of the North Caucasus in the Central European part of Russia in the middle of the 19th - early 20th centuries]. In Казак, М. А.; Катина, Т. Д.; Заикин, С. М.; Воронин, И. В. (eds.). У истоков российской государственности [At the origins of Russian statehood] (PDF). «Калужские страницы» (in Russian). Калуга: «Эйдос». pp. 185–209.
• Zelkina, Anna (2019-07-19). "Batal Hajji Belkhoroev". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.