Supreme Soviet of Russia
Supreme government institution of Russian SFSR From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Supreme government institution of Russian SFSR From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR,[a] later the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation,[b] was the supreme government institution of the Russian SFSR from 1938 to 1990; between 1990 and 1993, it was a permanent legislature (parliament), elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation.[1]
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Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation Верховный Совет РСФСР Верховный Совет Российской Федерации | |
|---|---|
,_Emblem_of_Russia_(1991–1992).svg) .svg) Coat of arms before (left) and after (right) the dissolution of the Soviet Union | |
| Type | |
| Type | Supreme Council
|
| Chambers | Soviet of Nationalities Soviet of the Republic |
| History | |
| Established | 15 July 1938 |
| Disbanded | 4 October 1993 |
| Preceded by | All-Russian Congress of Soviets Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1991) |
| Succeeded by | Constitutional Conference of Russia Federal Assembly of Russia |
| Leadership | |
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet | Ruslan Khasbulatov (last) |
Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities | |
Chairman of the Soviet of Republic | Veniamin Sokolov |
| Seats | Dynamic (1 deputy per 150,000 citizens) (1938–1978) 975 (1978–1990) 252 (1990–1993) |
| Elections | |
Last general election | 16 May–22 June 1990 First session of the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia (indirect)* |
| Meeting place | |
.jpg) | |
| White House | |
| Footnotes | |
| ^ Last direct general elections to the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR were held in 1985. Powers of that Supreme Soviet (XI convocation) had expired in May 1990 (just some months after passage of the 1989 constitutional amendments) | |
The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR was established to be similar in structure to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1938, replacing the All-Russian Congress of Soviets as the highest organ of power of Russia.
In the 1940s, the Supreme Soviet Presidium and the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR were located in the former mansion of counts Osterman (3 Delegatskaya Street),[2][3] which was later in 1991 given to a museum. The sessions were held in Grand Kremlin Palace. In 1981 the Supreme Soviet was moved to a specially constructed building on Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, The House of Soviets.
The Supreme Soviet was abolished in October 1993 (after the events of Russia's 1993 constitutional crisis) and replaced by the Federal Assembly of Russia (consists of the Federation Council of Russia and State Duma).
Prior to 1990, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was head of state of the Russian SFSR but exercised only nominal powers. In contrast to other Soviet republics of the Soviet Union, the Russian SFSR did not have its own Communist Party and did not have its own first secretaries (which in other republics are relatively independent of power) until 1990.
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
| Name | Period |
|---|---|
| Alexei Badaev | 19 July 1938 – 4 March 1944 |
| Ivan Vlasov (Acting Chairman) | 9 April 1943 – 4 March 1944 |
| Nikolay Shvernik | 4 March 1944 – 25 June 1946 |
| Ivan Vlasov | 25 June 1946 – 7 July 1950 |
| Mikhail Tarasov | 7 July 1950 – 16 April 1959 |
| Nikolai Ignatov | 16 April–26 November 1959 |
| Nikolai Organov | 26 November 1959 – 20 December 1962 |
| Nikolai Ignatov | 20 December 1962 – 14 November 1966) |
| vacant (Vice-Chairmen: Timofey Akhazov and Pyotr Sysoyev) |
14 November – 23 December 1966 |
| Mikhail Yasnov | 23 December 1966 – 26 March 1985 |
| Vladimir Orlov | 26 March 1985 – 3 October 1988 |
| Vitaly Vorotnikov | 3 October 1988 – 29 May 1990 |
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR in 1938–1990
| Name | Period |
|---|---|
| Andrei Zhdanov | 15 July 1938 – 20 June 1947 |
| Mikhail Tarasov | 20 June 1947 – 14 March 1951 |
| Leonid Solovyov | 14 March 1951 – 23 March 1955 |
| Ivan Goroshkin | 23 March 1955 – 15 April 1959 |
| Vasily Prokhorov | 15 April 1959 – 4 April 1963 |
| Vasily Krestyaninov | 4 April 1963 – 11 April 1967 |
| Mikhail Millionshchikov | 11 April 1967 – 27 May 1973 |
| Vladimir Kotelnikov | 30 July 1973 – 25 March 1980 |
| Nikolai Gribachev | 25 March 1980 – 16 May 1990 |
Following the adoption of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian SFSR in October 1989, the office of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was removed, and the position of the Russian head of state passed directly to the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in May 1990.
From 1990 to 1993 the Supreme Soviet consisted of 252 deputies in the two equal chambers—the Soviet of the Republic under Chairman Veniamin Sokolov, and the Soviet of Nationalities under Chairman Ramazan Abdulatipov. However, the bicameral Supreme Soviet was nominal, because the major decisions were adopted as joint resolutions and concurrent resolutions of all chambers; many of the legislative committees were shared between these chambers. The Supreme Soviet of Russia ceased to exist after the events of September–October 1993.
Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR/Federation in 1990-1993
| Name | Period |
|---|---|
| Boris Yeltsin | 29 May 1990 – 10 July 1991 |
| Ruslan Khasbulatov (acting) | 10 July 1991 – 29 October 1991 |
| Ruslan Khasbulatov | 29 October 1991 – 4 October 1993 |
First Deputy Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR/Federation 1990-1993
| Name | Period |
|---|---|
| Ruslan Khasbulatov | 29 May 1990 – 10 July 1991 |
| Sergey Filatov | 1 November 1991 – January 1993 |
| Yuri Voronin | January 1993 – October 1993 |
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