Solar eclipse of February 14, 1915
20th-century annular solar eclipse From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
20th-century annular solar eclipse From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, February 14, 1915,[1][2][3][4][5] with a magnitude of 0.9789. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 6.7 days after perigee (on February 7, 1915, at 13:20 UTC) and 7.1 days before apogee (on February 21, 1915, at 5:50 UTC).[6]
Annularity was visible from Australia, Papua in Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia), German New Guinea (now belonging to Papua New Guinea), and the South Seas Mandate of Japan (the parts now belonging to FS Micronesia and Marshall Islands, including Palikir). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Antarctica, Australia, Oceania, and Southeast Asia.
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[7]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1915 February 14 at 01:41:50.2 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1915 February 14 at 02:43:23.8 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1915 February 14 at 02:44:33.6 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1915 February 14 at 02:44:33.6 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1915 February 14 at 02:45:43.5 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1915 February 14 at 03:49:42.8 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1915 February 14 at 04:22:46.6 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1915 February 14 at 04:31:05.1 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1915 February 14 at 04:33:20.0 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1915 February 14 at 05:17:11.0 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1915 February 14 at 06:21:01.1 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1915 February 14 at 06:22:13.8 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1915 February 14 at 06:23:26.5 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1915 February 14 at 07:25:00.5 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.97890 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.95825 |
| Gamma | −0.20238 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 21h46m51.7s |
| Sun Declination | -13°23'30.7" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'11.7" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 21h47m11.9s |
| Moon Declination | -13°33'58.6" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'36.4" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°57'16.6" |
| ΔT | 17.3 s |
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.
| January 31 Descending node (full moon) | February 14 Ascending node (new moon) | March 1 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|---|
 | |  |
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 103 | Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 129 | Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 141 |
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[8]
The partial solar eclipses on April 6, 1913 and September 30, 1913 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the solar eclipses on December 24, 1916 (partial), June 19, 1917 (partial), and December 14, 1917 (annular) occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1913 to 1917 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 114 | August 31, 1913 Partial |
1.4512 | 119 | February 25, 1914 Annular |
−0.9416 | |
| 124 | August 21, 1914 Total |
0.7655 | 129 | February 14, 1915 Annular |
−0.2024 | |
| 134 | August 10, 1915 Annular |
0.0124 | 139.png) |
February 3, 1916 Total |
0.4987 | |
| 144 | July 30, 1916 Annular |
−0.7709 | 149 | January 23, 1917 Partial |
1.1508 | |
| 154 | July 19, 1917 Partial |
−1.5101 | ||||
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 129, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 80 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on October 3, 1103. It contains annular eclipses from May 6, 1464 through March 18, 1969; hybrid eclipses from March 29, 1987 through April 20, 2023; and total eclipses from April 30, 2041 through July 26, 2185. The series ends at member 80 as a partial eclipse on February 21, 2528. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 34 at 5 minutes, 10 seconds on October 4, 1698, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 58 at 3 minutes, 43 seconds on June 25, 2131. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[9]
| Series members 40–61 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 40 | 41 | 42 |
 December 10, 1806 |
 December 20, 1824 |
 December 31, 1842 |
| 43 | 44 | 45 |
 January 11, 1861 |
 January 22, 1879 |
 February 1, 1897 |
| 46 | 47 | 48 |
February 14, 1915 |
 February 24, 1933 |
 March 7, 1951 |
| 49 | 50 | 51 |
 March 18, 1969 |
 March 29, 1987 |
 April 8, 2005 |
| 52 | 53 | 54 |
 April 20, 2023 |
 April 30, 2041 |
 May 11, 2059 |
| 55 | 56 | 57 |
 May 22, 2077 |
 June 2, 2095 |
 June 13, 2113 |
| 58 | 59 | 60 |
 June 25, 2131 |
 July 5, 2149 |
 July 16, 2167 |
| 61 | ||
 July 26, 2185 | ||
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 22 eclipse events between December 2, 1880 and July 9, 1964 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 2–3 | September 20–21 | July 9–10 | April 26–28 | February 13–14 |
| 111 | 113 | 115 | 117 | 119 |
 December 2, 1880 |
 July 9, 1888 |
 April 26, 1892 |
 February 13, 1896 | |
| 121 | 123 | 125 | 127 | 129 |
 December 3, 1899 |
 September 21, 1903 |
 July 10, 1907 |
 April 28, 1911 |
February 14, 1915 |
| 131 | 133 | 135 | 137 | 139 |
 December 3, 1918 |
 September 21, 1922 |
 July 9, 1926 |
 April 28, 1930 |
 February 14, 1934 |
| 141 | 143 | 145 | 147 | 149 |
 December 2, 1937 |
 September 21, 1941 |
 July 9, 1945 |
 April 28, 1949 |
 February 14, 1953 |
| 151 | 153 | 155 | ||
 December 2, 1956 |
 September 20, 1960 |
 July 9, 1964 | ||
This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 December 21, 1805 (Saros 119) |
 November 19, 1816 (Saros 120) |
 October 20, 1827 (Saros 121) |
 September 18, 1838 (Saros 122) |
 August 18, 1849 (Saros 123) |
 July 18, 1860 (Saros 124) |
 June 18, 1871 (Saros 125) |
 May 17, 1882 (Saros 126) |
 April 16, 1893 (Saros 127) |
 March 17, 1904 (Saros 128) |
February 14, 1915 (Saros 129) |
 January 14, 1926 (Saros 130) |
 December 13, 1936 (Saros 131) |
 November 12, 1947 (Saros 132) |
 October 12, 1958 (Saros 133) |
 September 11, 1969 (Saros 134) |
 August 10, 1980 (Saros 135) |
 July 11, 1991 (Saros 136) |
 June 10, 2002 (Saros 137) |
 May 10, 2013 (Saros 138) |
 April 8, 2024 (Saros 139) |
 March 9, 2035 (Saros 140) |
 February 5, 2046 (Saros 141) |
 January 5, 2057 (Saros 142) |
 December 6, 2067 (Saros 143) |
 November 4, 2078 (Saros 144) |
 October 4, 2089 (Saros 145) |
 September 4, 2100 (Saros 146) |
 August 4, 2111 (Saros 147) |
 July 4, 2122 (Saros 148) |
 June 3, 2133 (Saros 149) |
 May 3, 2144 (Saros 150) |
 April 2, 2155 (Saros 151) |
 March 2, 2166 (Saros 152) |
 January 29, 2177 (Saros 153) |
 December 29, 2187 (Saros 154) |
 November 28, 2198 (Saros 155) | |||
This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
 April 14, 1828 (Saros 126) |
 March 25, 1857 (Saros 127) |
 March 5, 1886 (Saros 128) |
February 14, 1915 (Saros 129) |
 January 25, 1944 (Saros 130) |
 January 4, 1973 (Saros 131) |
 December 14, 2001 (Saros 132) |
 November 25, 2030 (Saros 133) |
 November 5, 2059 (Saros 134) |
 October 14, 2088 (Saros 135) |
 September 26, 2117 (Saros 136) |
 September 6, 2146 (Saros 137) |
 August 16, 2175 (Saros 138) |
||
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