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Extinct branch of Yeniseian languages From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Pumpokolic languages (also known as the Arin-Pumpokol,[1] depending on classification or Pumpolic languages) form one of the principal subgroups of the Yeniseian languages. All constituent languages are now extinct.
Pumpokolic | |
---|---|
Arin-Pumpokol (obsolete classification) | |
Ethnicity | Pumpokol, Jie? |
Geographic distribution | Yenisey, possibly also northeast China |
Linguistic classification | Dené–Yeniseian?
|
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | arin1242 (Arin-Pumpokol (obsolete)) |
![]() Pre-contact distribution of Pumpokol. | |
![]() Map of Sixteen Kingdoms in year 338, showing the Later Zhao, a state ruled by the Jie. |
The classification of this group is debated. Most classify Arin and Pumpokol (and eventually Jie) in a Southern Yeniseian subgroup,[2] but more recently linguists have placed Arin in its separate Arinic branch (sometimes placed as a subgroup of Southern Yeniseian), and classify Pumpokol(ic) as a separate branch of Yeniseian.
This model is used in Vajda 2024.[3]
This model was introduced in Georg 2007[4] and used in Hölzl 2018[5].
According to the Southern Yeniseian theory, Pumpokolic may have split from Yeniseian around the 9th century BCE, and would have extended southward to China in the 4th century (Melas (2022).[6][user-generated source?] Arin and Pumpokol are then posited to have separated in the 6th century. Arin is believed to have gone extinct in the 1730s and Pumpokol around the early 18th century.
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