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Electoral district in Auckland, New Zealand From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pakuranga is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. It gave the Social Credit Party one of its few MPs when Neil Morrison held the seat from 1984 to 1987, but otherwise the electorate seat has been held by the National Party since 1972. Its current MP is Simeon Brown who has held the electorate since the 2017 general election.
Pakuranga | |
---|---|
Single-member constituency for the New Zealand House of Representatives | |
![]() Location of Pakurangawithin Auckland | |
Region | Auckland |
Current constituency | |
Current MP | Simeon Brown |
Party | National |
Pakuranga is one of 64 general electorates used in New Zealand general elections. It covers part of eastern Auckland around the eponymous suburb of Pakuranga. Other population centres include Farm Cove, Half Moon Bay, Bucklands Beach, parts of Highland Park and parts of Howick.
The boundaries of the Pakuranga electorate were last adjusted in the 2007 redistribution. Initially, the Representation Commission proposed substantial changes, but after hearing objections mainly about Pakuranga, Manukau East, and Manurewa, the shape of the Pakuranga electorate reverted to almost the boundaries prior to the review.[1] No boundary adjustments were undertaken in the subsequent 2013/14 redistribution.[2]
Pakuranga was first contested at the 1963 election, and won by future Labour Party frontbencher Bob Tizard. It was captured by National in 1972, and has stayed with National since, save for a brief interlude – the New Zealand Party's presence on the ballot paper in 1984 split the centre-right vote and handed the seat to Social Credit's Neil Morrison.
With the introduction of mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation in 1996 the seat was expanded to absorb most of the neighbouring seat of Howick. Its boundaries have remained largely unchanged since; an attempt in 2007 to resurrect a seat around Howick by pulling the Pakuranga boundaries across the Tamaki River and adding Panmure, Point England and Glen Innes from Auckland City was abandoned in the face of strenuous local objection. Instead, Howick was renamed Botany and centred on the rapid-growth areas of Flat Bush, Botany Downs and Dannemora.
Pakuranga is considered a safe National seat, with Maurice Williamson being easily re-elected at every election to 2014 after ousting Morrison in 1987.[3] In the 2014 election, Williamson had a majority of 12,867 votes over his nearest challenger, Barry Kirker of the Labour Party.[4]
Williamson announced in July 2016 that he would not stand for Parliament at the 2017 general election[5] and the seat was won by Simeon Brown, retaining it for the National Party.
Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at a general election.
Key
Labour National Independent Social Credit NZ First
Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Pakuranga electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
Election | Winner | |
---|---|---|
2002 election | Pita Paraone | |
2005 election | ||
2023 election | Parmjeet Parmar |
2023 general election: Pakuranga[6] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | ![]() |
26,105 | 71.39 | +13.53 | 21,458 | 58.12 | +19.81 | ||
Labour | Nerissa Henry | 7,395 | 20.22 | -10.69 | 6,124 | 16.58 | -25.22 | ||
ACT | Parmjeet Parmar | 1,298 | 3.54 | 3,638 | 9.85 | +1.34 | |||
New Zealand Loyal | Phil Scothern | 490 | 1.34 | 236 | 0.63 | ||||
Animal Justice | Nicholas Hancock | 471 | 1.28 | 96 | 0.26 | ||||
Rock the Vote NZ | John Alcock | 262 | 0.71 | ||||||
Green | 2,650 | 7.17 | +2.57 | ||||||
NZ First | 1,397 | 3.78 | +1.64 | ||||||
Opportunities | 531 | 1.43 | +0.51 | ||||||
Te Pāti Māori | 184 | 0.49 | +0.30 | ||||||
NewZeal | 136 | 0.36 | +0.15 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 115 | 0.31 | +0.13 | ||||||
Freedoms NZ | 87 | 0.23 | |||||||
New Conservative | 54 | 0.14 | -1.18 | ||||||
DemocracyNZ | 30 | 0.08 | |||||||
Women's Rights | 27 | 0.07 | |||||||
Leighton Baker Party | 15 | 0.04 | |||||||
New Nation | 5 | 0.01 | |||||||
Informal votes | 544 | 136 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 36,565 | 36,919 | |||||||
Turnout | |||||||||
National hold | Majority | 18,710 | 51.16 | +24.21 |
2020 general election: Pakuranga[7] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | ![]() |
21,575 | 57.86 | -6.12 | 14,387 | 38.31 | -23.38 | ||
Labour | Nerissa Henry | 11,525 | 30.91 | +8.96 | 15,698 | 41.80 | +17.09 | ||
Green | Lawrence Xu-Nan | 1,632 | 4.37 | -1.32 | 1,731 | 4.60 | +0.87 | ||
ACT | Mo Yee Poon | 790 | 2.52 | — | 2,838 | 8.51 | +7.76 | ||
New Conservative | Ian Ronald Sampson | 426 | 1.14 | — | 498 | 1.32 | +1.09 | ||
Sustainable NZ | Rachel Dominique Wood | 302 | 0.80 | — | 34 | 0.09 | — | ||
NZ First | 806 | 2.14 | -4.45 | ||||||
Opportunities | 347 | 0.92 | -0.29 | ||||||
Advance NZ | 193 | 0.51 | +0.43 | ||||||
TEA | 175 | 0.46 | — | ||||||
ONE | 81 | 0.21 | — | ||||||
Māori Party | 73 | 0.19 | −0.15 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 68 | 0.18 | −0.01 | ||||||
Vision NZ | 28 | 0.07 | — | ||||||
Outdoors | 11 | 0.031 | -0.029 | ||||||
Social Credit | 4 | 0.010 | +0.008 | ||||||
Heartland | 2 | 0.005 | — | ||||||
Informal votes | 882 | 217 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 37,285 | 37,552 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 10,050 | 26.95 | -15.07 |
2017 general election: Pakuranga[8] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | Simeon Brown | 22,663 | 63.98 | +4.23 | 22,149 | 61.69 | +1.45 | ||
Labour | Barry Kirker | 7,777 | 21.95 | −0.09 | 8,872 | 24.71 | +8.79 | ||
NZ First | Suzanne Kelly | 2,039 | 5.75 | — | 2,369 | 6.59 | −0.50 | ||
Green | Guy Hunt | 2,018 | 5.69 | — | 1,340 | 3.73 | −2.60 | ||
Māori Party | Carrie Stoddart-Smith | 419 | 1.18 | — | 124 | 0.34 | +0.03 | ||
Opportunities | 436 | 1.21 | — | ||||||
ACT | 272 | 0.75 | −2.20 | ||||||
Conservative | 83 | 0.23 | −5.34 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 69 | 0.19 | −0.12 | ||||||
People's Party | 32 | 0.08 | — | ||||||
Outdoors | 18 | 0.05 | — | ||||||
United Future | 16 | 0.04 | −0.19 | ||||||
Ban 1080 | 9 | 0.02 | −0.01 | ||||||
Internet | 9 | 0.02 | −0.59[lower-alpha 1] | ||||||
Mana | 6 | 0.01 | −0.61[lower-alpha 2] | ||||||
Democrats | 3 | 0.008 | −0.012 | ||||||
Informal votes | 506 | 96 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 35,422 | 35,903 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 14,886 | 42.02 | +4.31 |
2014 general election: Pakuranga[9] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | ![]() |
20,388 | 59.75 | −6.11 | 20,854 | 60.24 | −2.56 | ||
Labour | Barry Kirker | 7,521 | 22.04 | +0.25 | 5,511 | 15.92 | −2.70 | ||
Conservative | Andrew Craig | 3,465 | 10.15 | +4.95 | 1,930 | 5.57 | +2.02 | ||
ACT | Jamie Whyte | 2,030 | 5.95 | +3.35 | 1,021 | 2.95 | +1.16 | ||
NZ First | 2,456 | 7.09 | +1.42 | ||||||
Green | 2,192 | 6.33 | +0.12 | ||||||
Internet Mana | 214 | 0.62 | +0.50[lower-alpha 3] | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 109 | 0.31 | −0.03 | ||||||
Māori Party | 108 | 0.31 | −0.02 | ||||||
United Future | 78 | 0.23 | −0.23 | ||||||
Civilian | 16 | 0.05 | +0.05 | ||||||
Ban 1080 | 11 | 0.03 | +0.03 | ||||||
Democrats | 8 | 0.02 | ±0.00 | ||||||
Independent Coalition | 8 | 0.02 | +0.02 | ||||||
Focus | 4 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
Informal votes | 721 | 101 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 34,125 | 34,621 | |||||||
Turnout | 34,621 | 74.76 | +4.77 | ||||||
National hold | Majority | 12,867 | 37.71 | −6.35 |
2011 general election: Pakuranga[10] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | ![]() |
20,694 | 65.86 | +4.28 | 20,471 | 62.80 | +3.10 | ||
Labour | Sunny Kaushal | 6,848 | 21.79 | +0.17 | 6,068 | 18.62 | -3.66 | ||
Conservative | Lance Gedge | 1,634 | 5.20 | +5.20 | 1,156 | 3.55 | +3.55 | ||
NZ First | Helen Jane Mulford | 1,430 | 4.55 | +1.26 | 1,847 | 5.67 | +2.18 | ||
ACT | Chris Simmons | 816 | 2.60 | -3.74 | 585 | 1.79 | -5.39 | ||
Green | 2,024 | 6.21 | +2.61 | ||||||
United Future | 149 | 0.46 | -0.50 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 112 | 0.34 | +0.12 | ||||||
Māori Party | 109 | 0.33 | +0.03 | ||||||
Mana | 40 | 0.12 | +0.12 | ||||||
Alliance | 20 | 0.06 | +0.02 | ||||||
Libertarianz | 9 | 0.03 | -0.01 | ||||||
Democrats | 5 | 0.02 | +0.004 | ||||||
Informal votes | 1,041 | 202 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 31,422 | 32,595 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 13,846 | 44.06 | +4.10 |
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 45,912[11]
2008 general election: Pakuranga[12] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | ![]() |
21,430 | 61.58 | 21,099 | 59.70 | ||||
Labour | Brian Kelly | 7,524 | 21.62 | 7,872 | 22.27 | ||||
ACT | Andrew Jollands | 2,205 | 6.34 | 2,541 | 7.19 | ||||
Green | Zachary Dorner | 1,480 | 4.25 | 1,273 | 3.60 | ||||
NZ First | Pita Paraone | 1,146 | 3.29 | 1,231 | 3.48 | ||||
United Future | Quentin Todd | 409 | 1.18 | 338 | 0.96 | ||||
Progressive | Jeffrey Ly | 354 | 1.02 | 265 | 0.75 | ||||
Kiwi | Brian Hilder | 252 | 0.72 | 123 | 0.35 | ||||
Family Party | 186 | 0.53 | |||||||
Bill and Ben | 137 | 0.39 | |||||||
Māori Party | 106 | 0.30 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 79 | 0.22 | |||||||
Pacific | 38 | 0.11 | |||||||
Alliance | 15 | 0.04 | |||||||
Libertarianz | 13 | 0.04 | |||||||
Workers Party | 12 | 0.03 | |||||||
RAM | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
Democrats | 4 | 0.01 | |||||||
RONZ | 4 | 0.01 | |||||||
Informal votes | 329 | 80 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 34,800 | 35,342 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 13,906 | 39.96 |
2005 general election: Pakuranga[13] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | ![]() |
19,159 | 54.03 | 19,173 | 53.28 | ||||
Labour | Michael Wood | 9,577 | 27.01 | 10,810 | 30.31 | ||||
Independent | Steve Baron | 1,807 | 5.10 | ||||||
NZ First | Pita Paraone | 1,398 | 3.54 | 2105 | 5.85 | ||||
ACT | Bronny Jacobson | 1,216 | 3.43 | 1,354 | 3.76 | ||||
United Future | Ian McInnes | 833 | 2.35 | 878 | 2.44 | ||||
Progressive | Ly Meng | 560 | 1.58 | 297 | 0.83 | ||||
Destiny | David Jesze | 488 | 1.38 | 206 | 0.57 | ||||
Christian Heritage | Ewen McQueen | 373 | 1.05 | 80 | 0.22 | ||||
Direct Democracy | Kevin Moore | 49 | 0.14 | 11 | 0.03 | ||||
Green | 907 | 2.52 | |||||||
Māori Party | 73 | 0.20 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 36 | 0.10 | |||||||
Libertarianz | 14 | 0.04 | |||||||
Alliance | 13 | 0.04 | |||||||
RONZ | 7 | 0.02 | |||||||
99 MP | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
One NZ | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
Family Rights | 5 | 0.01 | |||||||
Democrats | 4 | 0.01 | |||||||
Informal votes | 359 | 88 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 35,460 | 35,983 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 9,582 | 27.02 |
2002 general election: Pakuranga[14] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | ![]() |
14,010 | 43.42 | 8,470 | 26.02 | ||||
Labour | Michael Wood | 9,454 | 29.30 | 10,375 | 31.87 | ||||
ACT | Andrew Jollands | 2,419 | 7.50 | 4,712 | 14.47 | ||||
NZ First | Pita Paraone | 2,001 | 6.20 | 3,859 | 11.85 | ||||
United Future | Ian McInnes | 1,461 | 4.53 | 2,543 | 7.88 | ||||
Green | David Rose | 1,040 | 3.22 | 1,173 | 3.60 | ||||
Christian Heritage | Jonothan Ko | 876 | 2.71 | 426 | 1.31 | ||||
Progressive | Meng Ly | 478 | 1.48 | 396 | 1.22 | ||||
Alliance | Paul Protheroe | 158 | 0.49 | 192 | 0.58 | ||||
ORNZ | 204 | 0.63 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 93 | 0.28 | |||||||
One NZ | 20 | 0.06 | |||||||
NMP | 4 | 0.01 | |||||||
Mana Māori | 0.00 | ||||||||
Informal votes | 378 | 84 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 32,266 | 32,553 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 4,556 |
Refer to Candidates in the New Zealand general election 1999 by electorate#Pakuranga for a list of candidates.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Maurice Williamson | 9,619 | 48.01 | −16.24 | |
Labour | Heather Mackay | 4,159 | 20.75 | ||
Alliance | Denis Wilkins | 3,203 | 15.98 | ||
NZ First | David Moore | 2,399 | 11.97 | ||
Christian Heritage | John Starrenburg | 367 | 1.83 | ||
McGillicuddy Serious | Sasquatch | 201 | 1.00 | ||
Natural Law | Anne Brigid | 87 | 0.43 | ||
Majority | 5,460 | 27.25 | −17.64 | ||
Turnout | 20,035 | 84.04 | −0.84 | ||
Registered electors | 23,838 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Maurice Williamson | 13,006 | 64.25 | +20.89 | |
Labour | Paul Charles Grant | 3,920 | 19.36 | ||
Green | Peter Whitmore | 2,211 | 10.92 | ||
NewLabour | Sandy Gauntlett | 420 | 2.07 | ||
Democrats | Richard Pittams | 312 | 1.54 | ||
Social Credit | Colin Bernard Nicholls | 166 | 0.82 | ||
McGillicuddy Serious | Greg Pittams | 124 | 0.61 | ||
Blokes Liberation Front | Paul Brunton | 50 | 0.24 | ||
Independent | Elaine Wills | 31 | 0.15 | ||
Majority | 9,086 | 44.89 | −35.16 | ||
Turnout | 20,240 | 84.88 | −5.76 | ||
Registered electors | 23,843 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Maurice Williamson | 8,987 | 43.36 | ||
Democrats | Neil Morrison | 6,969 | 33.62 | −1.85 | |
Labour | Barry Wilson | 4,700 | 22.67 | ||
Independent | Sofia Bogrich | 70 | 0.33 | ||
Majority | 2,018 | 9.73 | |||
Turnout | 20,726 | 90.64 | −4.48 | ||
Registered electors | 22,866 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Credit | Neil Morrison | 8,271 | 35.47 | −2.22 | |
National | Pat Hunt | 8,099 | 34.73 | −6.19 | |
NZ Party | Jo Grierson | 3,804 | 16.31 | ||
Labour | Gary Williams | 3,101 | 13.30 | ||
Independent | J R Marriott | 39 | 0.16 | −0.29 | |
Majority | 172 | 0.73 | |||
Turnout | 23,314 | 95.12 | +3.77 | ||
Registered electors | 24,510 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Pat Hunt | 9,908 | 40.92 | +4.42 | |
Social Credit | Neil Morrison | 9,125 | 37.69 | +23.71 | |
Labour | Peter Turner | 5,066 | 20.92 | ||
Independent | J R Marriott | 110 | 0.45 | ||
Majority | 783 | 3.23 | −6.88 | ||
Turnout | 24,209 | 91.35 | +15.53 | ||
Registered electors | 26,501 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Pat Hunt | 7,615 | 36.50 | ||
Labour | Elsa Smith | 5,504 | 26.38 | ||
Independent | Gavin Downie | 4,455 | 21.35 | ||
Social Credit | Neil Morrison | 2,918 | 13.98 | +8.79 | |
Values | M H T Walker | 269 | 1.28 | ||
Majority | 2,111 | 10.11 | |||
Turnout | 20,861 | 75.82 | −11.58 | ||
Registered electors | 27,513 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Gavin Downie | 14,192 | 58.23 | +6.79 | |
Labour | Geoff Braybrooke | 7,176 | 29.44 | ||
Values | Maurice Jenner | 1,349 | 5.53 | ||
Social Credit | Neil Morrison | 1,265 | 5.19 | ||
Independent | Barry Curtis | 356 | 1.46 | ||
Alpha | Victor Filmer | 19 | 0.07 | ||
World Socialist | Maurice Gribble | 12 | 0.04 | ||
Majority | 7,016 | 28.79 | +18.84 | ||
Turnout | 24,369 | 87.40 | −3.40 | ||
Registered electors | 27,881 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Gavin Downie | 9,310 | 51.44 | ||
Labour | J B Irwin | 7,508 | 41.48 | ||
Social Credit | B J Southon | 1,153 | 6.37 | ||
New Democratic | F J Collins | 126 | 0.69 | ||
Majority | 1,802 | 9.95 | |||
Turnout | 18,097 | 90.80 | +0.66 | ||
Registered electors | 19,930 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Bob Tizard | 9,030 | 51.20 | −0.45 | |
National | Noel Holmes | 7,777 | 44.09 | ||
Social Credit | James Robinson | 692 | 3.92 | ||
Independent | E V Posa | 80 | 0.45 | ||
Communist | Rita Smith | 40 | 0.22 | ||
Independent | Joseph Erwin Moosman | 17 | 0.09 | −0.30 | |
Majority | 1,253 | 7.10 | −5.33 | ||
Turnout | 17,636 | 90.14 | +4.24 | ||
Registered electors | 19,563 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Bob Tizard | 9,380 | 51.65 | −2.27 | |
National | Victor David Thompson | 7,121 | 39.21 | ||
Social Credit | Thomas Rayne Wreaks | 1,588 | 8.74 | +4.31 | |
Independent | Joseph Erwin Moosman | 71 | 0.39 | ||
Majority | 2,259 | 12.43 | −0.51 | ||
Turnout | 18,160 | 85.90 | −1.45 | ||
Registered electors | 21,139 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Bob Tizard | 8,394 | 53.92 | ||
National | Roland Mainwaring Neville-White | 6,379 | 40.97 | ||
Social Credit | Thomas Rayne Wreaks | 690 | 4.43 | ||
Communist | Rita Smith | 104 | 0.66 | ||
Majority | 2,015 | 12.94 | |||
Turnout | 15,567 | 87.35 | |||
Registered electors | 17,821 |
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