List of Nepenthes species

This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes. It includes 179 recognised extant species, 2 incompletely diagnosed taxa, and 3 nothospecies. Three possible extinct species are also covered.

Sympatric upper pitchers of N. jamban (left) and N. lingulata (right) in Sumatran upper montane forest

The official IUCN conservation status of each species is taken from the latest edition of the IUCN Red List.^[1] Unofficial assessments based on the IUCN criteria are also included, but are presented in italics. Unless otherwise noted, taxonomic determinations and all other information are sourced from Stewart McPherson's two-volume Pitcher Plants of the Old World, published in 2009.^[2] Where recent literature provides an altitudinal distribution that falls outside the range given in Pitcher Plants of the Old World, the discrepancy is noted.

All major islands within a species's geographic range are included. Smaller surrounding islands are listed separately under "Minor islands", though these lists are not exhaustive. In the case of archipelagos such as the Philippines, the individual islands to which the species is native are shown in brackets.

Authorities are presented in the form of a standard author citation, using abbreviations specified by the International Plant Names Index.^[3] Years given denote the year of the species's formal publication under the current name, thus excluding the earlier basionym date of publication if one exists.

Extant species

Species	Authority	Year	Image	Distribution	Altitudinal distribution	IUCN conservation status
Nepenthes abalata[4]	Jebb & Cheek[4]	2013[4]		Philippines (Culion, Cuyo, Malalison)[4]	0–20 m[4]	Least Concern
Nepenthes abgracilis[5]	Jebb & Cheek[5]	2013[5]		Philippines (Mindanao)[5]	670 m[5]	Critically Endangered[5]
Nepenthes adnata	Tamin & M.Hotta ex Schlauer	1994		Sumatra	600–1200 m	Endangered
Nepenthes aenigma[6]	Nuytemans, W.Suarez & Calaramo[6]	2016[6]		Philippines (Luzon)[6]	c. 1200 m[6]	Data Deficient[6]
Nepenthes alata	Blanco	1837		Philippines (Luzon)[7][nb 1]	550–? m[nb 1]	Least Concern
Nepenthes alba	Ridl.	1924		Peninsular Malaysia	1600–2187 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes albomarginata	T.Lobb ex Lindl.	1849		Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra Minor islands: Nias, Penang	0–1100 m[nb 2]	Least Concern
Nepenthes alfredoi	V.B.Amoroso, N.E.Lagunday, F.P. Coritico & R.D.Colong[9]	2017[9][10]		Philippines (Mindanao)[9]	160–345 m[9]	Critically Endangered[9]
Nepenthes alzapan[11]	Jebb & Cheek[11]	2013[11]		Philippines (Luzon)[11]	1800 m[11]	Data Deficient
Nepenthes ampullaria	Jack	1835		Borneo, Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Bengkalis, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago), Rupat	0–2100 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes andamana[15]	M.Catal.[15]	2010[15]		Thailand[15]	0–50 m[16]
Nepenthes angasanensis	Maulder, D.Schub., B.R.Salmon & B.Quinn	1999		Sumatra	2200–2800 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes appendiculata[17]	Chi.C.Lee, Bourke, Rembold, W.Taylor & S.T.Yeo[17]	2011[17]		Borneo[17]	1450–1700 m[17]	Least Concern
Nepenthes argentii	Jebb & Cheek	1997		Philippines (Sibuyan)	1400–1900 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes aristolochioides	Jebb & Cheek	1997		Sumatra	1800–2500 m	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes armin[18]	Jebb & Cheek[18]	2014[18]		Philippines (Sibuyan)[18]	750 m[18]	Least Concern
Nepenthes attenboroughii	A.S.Rob., S.McPherson & V.B.Heinrich	2009		Philippines (Palawan)	1450[19]–1726 m	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes barcelonae[20]	Tandang & Cheek[20]	2015[20]		Philippines (Luzon)[20]	1500–1700 m[20]	Critically Endangered[20]
Nepenthes beccariana	Macfarl.	1908		Nias, Sumatra?[21]	unknown (0–<800 m)[22]	Data Deficient[23]
Nepenthes bellii	K.Kondo	1969		Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao)	0–800 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes benstonei	C.Clarke	1999		Peninsular Malaysia	150[24]–1350 m[25]	Data Deficient[21][23]
Nepenthes berbulu	H.L.Tan, G.Lim, Mey, Golos, Wistuba, S.McPherson & A.S.Rob.	2023[26]		Peninsular Malaysia[26]	1400–2100 m[26]	Endangered
Nepenthes biak[27]	Jebb & Cheek[27]	2018[27]		Schouten Islands (Biak)[27]	sea level[27]	Critically Endangered[27]
Nepenthes bicalcarata	Hook.f.	1873		Borneo	0–?950 m[nb 3]	Vulnerable
Nepenthes bokorensis	Mey	2009		Cambodia	800–1080 m	Endangered[28]
Nepenthes bongso	Korth.	1839		Sumatra	1000–2700 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes boschiana	Korth.	1839		Borneo	1200–1800 m[nb 4]	Endangered
Nepenthes bracteosa	Suran. & Nuanlaong	2022		Thailand	710–760 m	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes burbidgeae	Hook.f. ex Burb.	1882		Borneo	1200–1800 m[nb 5]	Endangered
Nepenthes burkei	Hort.Veitch ex Mast.	1889		Philippines (Mindoro, Panay?)	1100–2000 m	Conservation Dependent[23]
Nepenthes cabanae[31]	Lagunday, N. E. & Amoroso, V. B.[31]	2019 [31]		Philippines (Mindanao)[31]	1020–1050 m[31]	Critically Endangered[31]
Nepenthes calcicola[32][33]	Gary W.Wilson, S.Venter & Damas[32][33]	2023[32][33]		Papua New Guinea[32][33]	250–270 m[32]	Vulnerable[32]
Nepenthes campanulata	Sh.Kurata	1973		Borneo, Philippines (Palawan?[34])	100–300 m[34]	Vulnerable
Nepenthes candalaga	Lagunday & V. B. Amoroso	2022		Philippines (Mindanao)[35]	1800 – 2100 m[35]	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes ceciliae[36]	Gronem., Coritico, Micheler, Marwinski, Acil & V.B.Amoroso[36]	2011[36]		Philippines (Mindanao)[36]	1500–1880 m[36]	Critically Endangered[37]
Nepenthes chang[38]	M.Catal.[38]	2010[38]		Thailand[38]	300–600 m[38]
Nepenthes chaniana	C.Clarke, Chi.C.Lee & S.McPherson	2006		Borneo	1100–1800 m	Endangered
Nepenthes cid[5]	Jebb & Cheek[5]	2013[5]		Philippines (Mindanao)[5]	770 m[5]	Critically Endangered[5]
Nepenthes clipeata	Danser	1928		Borneo	600–800 m	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes copelandii	Merr. ex Macfarl.	1908		Philippines (Mindanao)	1100–2400 m[19]	Least Concern
Nepenthes cornuta[39]	Marwinski, Coritico, Wistuba, Micheler, Gronem., Gieray & V.B.Amoroso[39]	2014[39]		Philippines (Mindanao)[39]	~1000 m[39]	Vulnerable[39]
Nepenthes danseri	Jebb & Cheek	1997		Raja Ampat Islands (Waigeo)[40]	0–320 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes deaniana	Macfarl.	1908		Philippines (Palawan)	1180–1296 m	Near Threatened
Nepenthes densiflora	Danser	1940		Sumatra	1700–3200 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes diabolica[41]	A.Bianchi, Chi.C.Lee, Golos, Mey, M.Mansur & A.S.Rob.[41]	2020[41]		Sulawesi[41]	2200–2300 m[41]	Critically Endangered[41]
Nepenthes diatas	Jebb & Cheek	1997		Sumatra	2400–2900 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes distillatoria	L.	1753		Sri Lanka	0–700 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes domei[42]	M.N.Faizal, A.Amin, & A.Latiff[42]	2020[42]		Peninsular Malaysia[42]	850–1000 m[42]	Vulnerable[42]
Nepenthes dubia	Danser	1928		Sumatra	1600–2700 m	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes edwardsiana	H.Low ex Hook.f.	1859		Borneo	1600–2700 m[nb 6]	Vulnerable
Nepenthes ephippiata	Danser	1928		Borneo	1300–2000 m[nb 7]	Vulnerable
Nepenthes epiphytica[44]	A.S.Rob., Nerz & Wistuba[44]	2011[44]		Borneo[44]	~1000 m[44]
Nepenthes erucoides[45]	A.S. Rob. & S.G. Zamudio[45]	2019[45]		Philippines (Dinagat Islands)[45]	800–929 m[45]	Critically endangered[45]
Nepenthes eustachya	Miq.	1858		Sumatra	0–1600 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes extincta[46]	Jebb & Cheek[46]	2013[46]		Philippines (Mindanao)[46]	c. 400 m[46]	Critically Endangered[46]
Nepenthes eymae	Sh.Kurata	1984		Sulawesi	1000–2000 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes faizaliana	J.H.Adam & Wilcock	1991		Borneo	400–1600 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes flava	Wistuba, Nerz & A.Fleischm.	2007		Sumatra	1800–2200 m
Nepenthes fractiflexa[47]	Golos, A.S.Rob. & Barer[47]	2020[47]		Borneo[47]	1400–2150 m[47]	Near Threatened[47]
Nepenthes fusca	Danser	1928		Borneo	300[48]–2500 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes gantungensis[49]	S.McPherson, Cervancia, Chi.C.Lee, Jaunzems, Mey & A.S.Rob.[49]	2010[49]		Philippines (Palawan)[49]	1600–1784 m[49]	Vulnerable
Nepenthes glabrata	J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton	1984		Sulawesi	1600–2100 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes glandulifera	Chi.C.Lee	2004		Borneo	1100–1700 m
Nepenthes graciliflora[7]	Elmer[7]	1912[7]		Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Panay, Samar, Sibuyan)[7]	300–1280 m[7]	Least Concern
Nepenthes gracilis	Korth.	1839		Borneo, Cambodia,[50] Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka, Belitung[51]), Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Labuan,[52] Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Musala, Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago), Rupat	0–1100 m[nb 8]	Least Concern
Nepenthes gracillima	Ridl.	1908		Peninsular Malaysia	1400–2000 m[24]	Least Concern
Nepenthes gymnamphora	Reinw. ex Nees	1824		Java, Sumatra	600–2800 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes halmahera[40]	Cheek[40]	2015[40]		Maluku Islands (Halmahera)[40]	10–760 m[40]	Least Concern
Nepenthes hamata	J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton	1984		Sulawesi	1400–2500 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes hamiguitanensis[53]	Gronem., Wistuba, V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, Mey & V.B.Amoroso[53]	2010[53]		Philippines (Mindanao)[53]	1200–1600 m[53]	Vulnerable[53]
Nepenthes harauensis[54]	Hernawati, R.Satria & Chi.C.Lee [54]	2022 [54]		Sumatra[54]	1100–1400 m [54]	Unassessed(?)[54]
Nepenthes hemsleyana[55]	Macfarl.[55]	1908[55]		Borneo[55]	0–200 m[56]	Conservation Dependent[57]
Nepenthes hirsuta	Hook.f.	1873		Borneo	200–1100 m[nb 9]	Least Concern
Nepenthes hirtella	Nuanlaong & Suran.	2022		Thailand	348 - 355 m	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes hispida	Beck	1895		Borneo	100–800 m	Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes holdenii[59]	Mey[59]	2010[59]		Cambodia[59]	600–800 m[59]	Near Threatened[59]
Nepenthes hurrelliana	Cheek & A.L.Lamb	2003		Borneo	1300[48]–2400 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes inermis	Danser	1928		Sumatra	1500–2600 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes insignis	Danser	1928		New Guinea[27]	0–850 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes izumiae	Troy Davis, C.Clarke & Tamin	2003		Sumatra	1700–1900 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes jacquelineae	C.Clarke, Troy Davis & Tamin	2001		Sumatra	1700–2200 m	Data Deficient[21][23] / Conservation Dependent[60]
Nepenthes jamban	Chi.C.Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi	2006		Sumatra	1800–2100 m
Nepenthes junghuhnii	sensu Macfarl. in sched. nom.nud.	1917		Sumatra	1220 m	Data Deficient[23]
Nepenthes justinae[6]	Gronem., Wistuba, Mey & V.B.Amoroso[6]	2016[6]		Philippines (Mindanao)[6]	1000–1620 m[6]	Vulnerable[6]
Nepenthes kampalili[61]	Lagunday & V.B. Amoroso[61]	2024[61]		Philippines (Mindanao)[61]	2200–2320 m[61]	Critically Endangered[61]
Nepenthes kampotiana	Lecomte	1909		Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam[62]	0–600 m[24]	Least Concern
Nepenthes kerrii[63]	M.Catal. & Kruetr.[63]	2010[63]		Thailand Minor islands: Langkawi?[64]	400–500 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes khasiana	Hook.f.	1873		India	500–1500 m	Endangered
Nepenthes kitanglad[46]	Jebb & Cheek[46]	2013[46]		Philippines (Mindanao)[46]	1800–2100 m[46]	Critically Endangered[46]
Nepenthes klossii	Ridl.	1916		New Guinea	930[65]–2000 m	Endangered
Nepenthes kongkandana	M.Catal. & Kruetr.[66]	2015[66]		Thailand	0–50 m
Nepenthes krabiensis[67]	Nuanlaong, Onsanit, Chusangrach & Suraninpong[67]	2016[67]		Thailand[67]	600–700 m[67]	Critically Endangered[67]
Nepenthes lamii	Jebb & Cheek	1997		New Guinea	3200–3520 m[68]	Least Concern
Nepenthes latiffiana[42]	M.N.Faizal, A.Amin & N.Dome[42]	2020[42]		Peninsular Malaysia[42]	1000-1100 m[42]	Vulnerable[42]
Nepenthes lavicola	Wistuba & Rischer	1996		Sumatra	2000–2600 m	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes leonardoi[69]	S.McPherson, Bourke, Cervancia, Jaunzems & A.S.Rob.[69]	2011[69]		Philippines (Palawan)[69]	1300–1490 m[69]	Least Concern
Nepenthes leyte[46]	Jebb & Cheek[46]	2013[46]		Philippines (Leyte)[46]	900 m[46]	Critically Endangered[46]
Nepenthes limiana[70]	Wistuba, Mey, Golos, S. McPherson & A.S. Rob.[70]	2023[70]		Malaysia[70]	700-2171 m [70]	Data Deficient[70]
Nepenthes lingulata	Chi.C.Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi	2006		Sumatra	1700–2100 m
Nepenthes longifolia	Nerz & Wistuba	1994		Sumatra	300–1100 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes longiptera	Victoriano	2021		Sumatra[71]	750 - 1600 m	Endangered[71]
Nepenthes lowii	Hook.f.	1859		Borneo	1650–2600 m[nb 10]	Vulnerable
Nepenthes macfarlanei	Hemsl.	1905		Peninsular Malaysia	900–2150 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes macrophylla	(Marabini) Jebb & Cheek	1997		Borneo	2200–2642 m[nb 11]	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes macrovulgaris	J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton	1988		Borneo	300–1200 m[nb 12]	Least Concern
Nepenthes madagascariensis	Poir.	1797		Madagascar	0–500 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes malayensis[74]	A.Amin, M.N.Faizal & Dome	2020[74]		Peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu)	800-1000 m[74]	Critically Endangered[74]
Nepenthes malimumuensis[75]	Lagunday, Acma, Cabana, Sabas & V.B. Amoroso	2017		Philippines (Mindanao)	1000–1020 m	Critically Endangered[75]
Nepenthes manobo[75]	Lagunday, Acma, Cabana, Sabas & V.B. Amoroso	2017		Philippines (Mindanao)	1000–1020 m	Critically Endangered[75]
Nepenthes mantalingajanensis	Nerz & Wistuba	2007		Philippines (Palawan)	1700–2085 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes mapuluensis	J.H.Adam & Wilcock	1990		Borneo	700–800 m	Endangered
Nepenthes maryae[76]	Jebb & Cheek[76]	2016[76]		Sulawesi[76]	2100 m[76]	Vulnerable[76]
Nepenthes masoalensis	Schmid-Hollinger	1977		Madagascar	0–400 m	Endangered
Nepenthes maxima	Reinw. ex Nees	1824		D'Entrecasteaux Islands,[77] Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Sulawesi Minor islands: Wowoni?[78]	40[79]–2600 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes maximoides[80]	King & Cheek[80]	2020[80]		Philippines (Luzon, possibly Mt. Banahaw)[80]		Critically Endangered(possibly Extinct)[80]
Nepenthes merrilliana	Macfarl.	1911		Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao, Samar[81])	0–1100 m[19]	Vulnerable
Nepenthes micramphora	V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, Gronem. & V.B.Amoroso	2009		Philippines (Mindanao)	1100–1635 m	Critically Endangered[37]
Nepenthes mikei	B.R.Salmon & Maulder	1995		Sumatra	1100–2800 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes mindanaoensis	Sh.Kurata	2001		Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao)	0–1400 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes minima[82]	Jebb & Cheek[82]	2016[82]		Sulawesi[82]	1000–1700 m[82]	Vulnerable[82]
Nepenthes mira	Jebb & Cheek	1998		Philippines (Palawan)	1550–1605 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes mirabilis	(Lour.) Druce	1869[83]		Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Islands (Palau, Yap), China (Guangdong Province, Hainan,[84] Hong Kong, Macau), D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Java, Laos, Louisiade Archipelago, Maluku Islands, Myanmar, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam Minor islands:[12] Babi, Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Banyak Islands, Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Enggano, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (North Pagai, Siberut, Sipura, South Pagai), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Riau Archipelago), Rupat, Tawi-Tawi,[46] Wowoni?[78]	0–1500 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes mollis	Danser	1928		Borneo	~1800 m	Data Deficient
Nepenthes monticola[68]	A.S.Rob., Wistuba, Nerz, M.Mansur & S.McPherson[68]	2011[68]		New Guinea[68]	1400–2620 m[68]	Least Concern
Nepenthes muluensis	M.Hotta	1966		Borneo	1700–2400 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes murudensis	Culham ex Jebb & Cheek	1997		Borneo	2000–2423 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes naga	Akhriadi, Hernawati, Primaldhi & M.Hambali	2009		Sumatra	1500–2000 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes nebularum[85]	G.Mansell & W.Suarez[85]	2016[85]		Philippines (Mindanao)[85]	≤1800 m[85]	Data Deficient[85]
Nepenthes negros[7]	Jebb & Cheek[7]	2013[7]		Philippines (Biliran, Negros)[7]		Critically Endangered[7]
Nepenthes neoguineensis	Macfarl.	1911		D'Entrecasteaux Islands, New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?[65])	0–1400 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes nigra[86]	Nerz, Wistuba, Chi.C.Lee, Bourke, U.Zimm. & S.McPherson[86]	2011[86]		Sulawesi[86]	1500–2700 m[86]	Least Concern
Nepenthes northiana	Hook.f.	1881		Borneo	0–500 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes orbiculata[87]	M.Catal. & Kruetr.[87]	2018[87]		Thailand[87]	sea level[87]
Nepenthes ovata	Nerz & Wistuba	1994		Sumatra	1700–2100 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes palawanensis[88]	S.McPherson, Cervancia, Chi.C.Lee, Jaunzems, Mey & A.S.Rob.[88]	2010[88]		Philippines (Palawan)[88]	1100–1236 m[88]	Endangered
Nepenthes paniculata	Danser	1928		New Guinea	~1460 m	Endangered
Nepenthes pantaronensis[39]	Gieray, Gronem., Wistuba, Marwinski, Micheler, Coritico & V.B.Amoroso[39]	2014[39]		Philippines (Mindanao)[39]	"intermediate altitudes"[39]	Least Concern
Nepenthes papuana	Danser	1928		New Guinea	0–1300 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes parvula[89]	Gary W.Wilson & S.Venter[89]	2016		Australia[89]		Least Concern
Nepenthes peltata	Sh.Kurata	2008		Philippines (Mindanao)	865–1635 m	Critically Endangered[37]
Nepenthes pervillei	Blume	1852		Seychelles	350–750 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes petiolata	Danser	1928		Philippines (Mindanao)	1450–1900 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes philippinensis	Macfarl.	1908		Philippines (Busuanga, Coron, Culion, Linapacan, Palawan)[19][90]	0–600 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes pilosa	Danser	1928		Borneo	~1600 m	Data Deficient
Nepenthes pitopangii	Chi.C.Lee, S.McPherson, Bourke & M.Mansur[91]	2009[91]		Sulawesi	1400–1800 m[64]	Vulnerable
Nepenthes platychila	Chi.C.Lee	2002		Borneo	900–1400 m
Nepenthes pongoides	Damit, Yusof, Jumian, & A.S.Rob.[92]	2024[92]		Borneo[92]	>900 m[92]	Critically endangered[92]
Nepenthes pulchra[93]	Gronem., S.McPherson, Coritico, Micheler, Marwinski & V.B.Amoroso[93]	2011[93]		Philippines (Mindanao)[93]	1300–1800 m[93]	Critically Endangered[37]
Nepenthes putaiguneung	Metusala, Farishy, & Jebb[94]	2020[94]		Indonesia (Sumatra)[94]
Nepenthes rafflesiana	Jack	1835		Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Labuan,[52] Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago)	0–1200 m[nb 13]	Least Concern
Nepenthes rajah	Hook.f.	1859		Borneo	1500–2650 m	Endangered
Nepenthes ramispina	Ridl.	1909		Peninsular Malaysia	900–2000 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes ramos[95]	Jebb & Cheek[95]	2013[95]		Philippines (Mindanao)[95] Minor islands: Camiguin, other neighbouring islands[6]	at least 670–1400 m[nb 14]	Critically Endangered[95] / Near Threatened[6]
Nepenthes reinwardtiana	Miq.	1852		Borneo, Sumatra Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Nias, Riau Islands (Natuna Islands[14])	0–2200 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes rhombicaulis	Sh.Kurata	1973		Sumatra	1600–2000 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes rigidifolia	Akhriadi, Hernawati & Tamin	2004		Sumatra	1000–1600 m	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes robcantleyi	Cheek[96]	2011[96]		Philippines (Mindanao)[96]	~1800 m[96]	Critically Endangered[96]
Nepenthes rosea[97]	M.Catal. & Kruetr.[97]	2014[97]		Thailand[97]	450–520 m[97]
Nepenthes rowaniae	F.M.Bailey	1897		Australia	0–80 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes samar[98]	Jebb & Cheek[98]	2013[98]		Philippines (Samar)[98]	"low elevation"[98]	Critically Endangered[98]
Nepenthes sanguinea	Lindl.	1849		Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand	300–1800 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes saranganiensis	Sh.Kurata	2003		Philippines (Mindanao)	1800–2100 m	Endangered[37]
Nepenthes sericea[99]	Golos, Wistuba, G.Lim, Mey, S.McPherson & A.S.Rob.[99]	2023[99]		Peninsular Malaysia[99]	1300–2183 m[99]	Least Concern[99]
Nepenthes sibuyanensis	Nerz	1998		Philippines (Sibuyan)	1250–1500 m[nb 15]	Vulnerable
Nepenthes singalana	Becc.	1886		Sumatra	2000–2900 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes smilesii	Hemsl.	1895		Cambodia,[102] Laos, Thailand, Vietnam[103]	0[102]–1500 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes spathulata	Danser	1935		Sumatra	1100–2900 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes spectabilis	Danser	1928		Sumatra	1400–2200 m	Vulnerable
Nepenthes stenophylla	Mast.	1890		Borneo	800–2600 m[nb 16]	Least Concern
Nepenthes sumagaya[104]	Cheek[104]	2014[104]		Philippines (Mindanao)[39]	1600–2247 m[39]	Endangered[39]
Nepenthes sumatrana	(Miq.) Beck	1895		Sumatra	0–800 m	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes suratensis[105]	M.Catal.[105]	2010[105]		Thailand[105]	0–200 m[64]	Critically Endangered
Nepenthes surigaoensis	Elmer	1915		Philippines (Mindanao)	800–1200 m[nb 17]	Endangered[37]
Nepenthes talaandig[39]	Gronem., Coritico, Wistuba, Micheler, Marwinski, Gieray & V.B.Amoroso[39]	2014[39]		Philippines (Mindanao)[39]	~1000 m[39]	Vulnerable[39]
Nepenthes talangensis	Nerz & Wistuba	1994		Sumatra	1800–2500 m	Endangered
Nepenthes tboli[18]	Jebb & Cheek[18]	2014[18]		Philippines (Mindanao)[18]	1463 m[18]	Critically Endangered[18]
Nepenthes tenax	C.Clarke & R.Kruger	2006		Australia	0–80 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes tentaculata	Hook.f.	1873		Borneo, Sulawesi	400–2550 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes tenuis	Nerz & Wistuba	1994		Sumatra	1000–1200 m	Endangered
Nepenthes thai[28]	Cheek[28]	2009[28]		Thailand[28]	500–600 m[28]	Endangered[28]
Nepenthes thorelii	Lecomte	1909		Vietnam	10–20 m[107]	Data Deficient
Nepenthes tobaica	Danser	1928		Sumatra	380–1800 m[nb 18]	Least Concern
Nepenthes tomoriana	Danser	1928		Sulawesi	0–500 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes treubiana	Warb.	1891		New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?)	0–80 m[nb 19]	Least Concern
Nepenthes truncata	Macfarl.	1911		Philippines (Dinagat, Leyte, Mindanao)[19]	0–1500 m	Endangered
Nepenthes ultra[108]	Jebb & Cheek[108]	2013[108]		Philippines (Luzon)[108]	1.5–40(–400?) m[108][nb 20]	Endangered[108]
Nepenthes ulukaliana[99]	A.S.Rob., Wistuba, Mey, Golos, G.Lim & S.McPherson[99]	2023[99]		Peninsular Malaysia[99]	1200–1772 m[99]	Near Threatened [99]
Nepenthes undulatifolia[109]	Nerz, Wistuba, U.Zimm., Chi.C.Lee, Pirade & Pitopang[109]	2011[109]		Sulawesi[109]	~1800 m[109]	Data Deficient[109]
Nepenthes veitchii	Hook.f.	1859		Borneo	0–1600 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes ventricosa	Blanco	1837		Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Sibuyan)[19]	1000–2000 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes vieillardii	Hook.f.	1873		New Caledonia	0–850 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes villosa	Hook.f.	1852		Borneo	1600–3240 m[nb 21]	Least Concern
Nepenthes viridis[110]	Micheler, Gronem., Wistuba, Marwinski, W.Suarez & V.B.Amoroso[110]	2013[110]		Philippines (Dinagat, Samar)[110] Minor islands: numerous unspecified islets off Dinagat[110]		Endangered[37]
Nepenthes vogelii	Schuit. & de Vogel	2002		Borneo	1000–1500 m	Least Concern
Nepenthes weda[40]	Cheek[40]	2015[40]		Maluku Islands (Halmahera)[40]	415–1014 m[40]	Critically Endangered[40]
Nepenthes zygon[18]	Jebb & Cheek[18]	2014[18]		Philippines (Mindanao)[18]	1500–1875 m[18]	Critically Endangered[18]

Incompletely diagnosed taxa

The following undescribed taxa are taken from Pitcher Plants of the Old World and its supplementary volume, New Nepenthes, published in 2011.^[64]

Taxon	Image	Distribution	Altitudinal distribution
Nepenthes sp. Anipahan[111]		Philippines (Palawan)[111]	1200–1400 m[111]
Nepenthes sp. Misool		Raja Ampat Islands (Misool)	0–30 m

Nothospecies

Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek recognised the following three nothospecies in their monographs on the genus ("A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" (1997) and "Nepenthaceae" (2001)). In the recent literature, these taxa have generally been treated as natural hybrids rather than as species.^{[2][21][29][30]} Of the three, N. × kinabaluensis has the strongest claim to species status, as it grows in two large, self-sustaining populations independent of its putative parent species.^[29][112] These populations are reportedly true breeding.^[29] Jumaat Haji Adam and C. C. Wilcock advocated the recognition of N. × kinabaluensis as a species in a 1998 article.^[113]

Nothospecies	Parent species	Authority	Year	Image	Distribution	Altitudinal distribution	IUCN conservation status
Nepenthes × hookeriana	N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana	Hort.Veitch ex Mast.	1881		Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra[48]	0–450 m[8]	Least Concern[23]
Nepenthes × kinabaluensis	N. rajah × N. villosa	Sh.Kurata ex Sh.Kurata	1984		Borneo[48]	2420–3030 m[48]	Endangered[23]
Nepenthes × trichocarpa	N. ampullaria × N. gracilis	Miq.	1858		Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,[48] Thailand[103]	0–800 m[29]	Least Concern[23]

Extinct species

Fossil pollen of various provenance, much of it originally described under the form taxon Droseridites, has been tentatively assigned to Nepenthes by several authors.^{[114][115][116]} The following three species were transferred to the genus Nepenthes by Wilfried Krutzsch in 1985.^[114]

Species	Authority	Year	Location	Age
Nepenthes echinatus	(Hunger) Krutzsch	1985	Europe	Palaeocene
Nepenthes echinosporus	(R.Potonié) Krutzsch	1985	Europe	Palaeocene
Nepenthes major	(Krutzsch) Krutzsch	1985	Europe	Palaeocene

Some authors consider Droseridites major and D. parvus as synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis.^[117][118]

Pollen from the Kerguelen Islands originally described as D. spinosus has also been interpreted as belonging to Nepenthes.^[119]

See also

• List of Nepenthes species by distribution
• List of Nepenthes natural hybrids

Notes

1. Under the narrow circumscription of Cheek & Jebb (2013), N. alata is restricted to northern Luzon, with the more southerly plants previously referred to this species actually representing N. graciliflora, N. negros, and N. ramos.^[7] This N. alata sensu stricto has an altitudinal distribution of 550 m and above.^[7]
2. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1200 m for N. albomarginata.^[8]
3. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) cite a record of N. bicalcarata from Mount Periok in Brunei at c. 1600 m.^[8]
4. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a range of 780–1880 m for N. boschiana,^[29] while Clarke (1997) gives a range of 900–1880 m.^[30]
5. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2250 m for N. burbidgeae,^[29] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 1100–2300 m.^[8]
6. Cheek & Jebb (2001), Clarke (1997) and Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. edwardsiana.^[8][29][30]
7. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1000 m for N. ephippiata.^[29] The species has reportedly been collected from Bukit Raya at 2000–2270 m.^[8][43]
8. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1700 m for N. gracilis.^[8]
9. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 150–1500 m for N. hirsuta,^[8] while Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding it at elevations as low as 160 m.^[58]
10. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1600 m for N. lowii,^[29] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 900–3400 m.^[8]
11. The lower altitudinal limit of 2000 m given for N. macrophylla in some older sources^[72] is apparently incorrect.^[2][73]
12. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 250 m for N. macrovulgaris.^[8]
13. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. rafflesiana.^[8]
14. The paratype of N. ramos was collected at 670 m^[95] and N. kurata (which has been synonymised with N. ramos^[6]) has been recorded at c. 1400 m.^[46]
15. Rybka, Rybková & Cantley (2005) give a range of 1200–1800 m for N. sibuyanensis,^[100] while the authors of the describing paper give a range of 1500–1800 m.^[101]
16. Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding N. stenophylla at 400 m.^[58]
17. Nepenthes surigaoensis may grow as high as 1750 m ("5750 feet" in the original) according to the describing author, Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer.^[106]
18. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2750 m for N. tobaica.^[29]
19. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 500 m for N. treubiana.^[29]
20. The upper altitudinal limit of 400 m is uncertain as it is based on the figure given on Google Earth for an "inexact grid-reference" associated with a herbarium specimen.^[108]
21. Nepenthes villosa generally grows at elevations of 2300–3240 m, but is more common at 1600–1900 m on Mount Tambuyukon.^[2] Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 3400 m for this species.^[8]