Meili Snow Mountains

Meili Snow Mountains (Chinese: 梅里雪山; pinyin: Méilǐ Xuěshān), Mainri (སྨན་རི།) or Minling Snow Mountains (Tibetan: སྨིན་གླིང་གངས་རི།, Wylie: smin gling gangs ri^[1]) is a mountain range in the Chinese province of Yunnan. It lies close to the northwestern boundary of the province and is bounded by the Nujiang river on the west and the Lancang River on the east. The Meili are subrange of the larger Nu Mountains, themselves a constituent range of the Hengduan group.

Meili Snow Mountains
Highest point
Peak	Kawagebo
Elevation	6,740 m (22,110 ft)
Coordinates	28°26′14″N 98°41′04″E
Dimensions
Length	200 km (120 mi) North-south
Width	30 km (19 mi) East-west
Area	6,000 km2 (2,300 sq mi)
Naming
Native name	梅里雪山 (Chinese) སྨིན་གླིང་གངས་རི (Standard Tibetan)
Geography
Meili Snow Mountains
Country	China
State	Yunnan
Rivers	Salween and Mekong
Settlement	Deqen is the closest settlement of considerable size
Parent range	Hengduan Mountain

Meili Snow Mountains main peak as looking up from the bottom of the mountain

The crest of the range rises to over 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) above sea level, making for impressive prominence over the river valleys to the east and west, which are between 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) and 1,900 metres (6,200 ft) in elevation. The highest peak is Kawagarbo, which rises to 6,740 metres (22,110 ft). Kawagarbo is considered sacred for Tibetan Buddhists. Other significant peaks include Mianzimu, Cogar Laka and Jiariren-an. Because of restrictions and dangerous conditions, none of the major peaks in the range have ever been summited.

Name

In Tibet, people usually call the mountain by its peak Kawagarbo or Taizi(Prince) Snow Mountain.

In Tibetan, "Meili/Mainri" means mountains of herbs. People named the mountain "Meili/Mainri" because of the valuable herbs on this mountain.^{[citation needed]}

Main Peaks

Photo of Mianzimu

Photo of Jiariren-an

Meili Snow mountain has 13 main peaks. They are also called "Taizi (Prince) Thirteen Peaks".

• Kawagarbo (6,740m)
  • Also called Taizi (Prince) Peak.
• Mianzimu (6,054m)
  • Also called God Daughter (Queen) Peak.
• Jiariren-an (5,470.5m)
  • Five Budda Peak
• Bujiong SongJie Wuxue (approximately. 6,000m)
  • Also called Son Peak.
• Lora Zangui Gonbu (5,229m)
  • The main peak of Meili Snow Mountain geographically
• Bawu Bameng (6,000m)
• Paba Niding Jiuzhao (5,880m)
• Mabing Zhala Wangdui (6,365m)
• Nairi Dingka (6,379m)
• Cogar Laka (5,993m)
• Zhala Queni (5,640m)
• Badui (5,157m)
• Zhandui Wuxue(6,400m)

History

Expedition Records

• 1987: From August to September, the Joetsu Alpine Club abandoned their expedition to Kawagarbo due to continuous avalanches. (Height: 5,100m) Direction: Mingyong Glacier^[2]
• 1988: An American Expedition team led by Nicholas Clinch abandoned their expedition. (Height: 4,350m) Direction: Mingyong Glacier^[2]
• 1989: Between September to November, a joint expedition team of Chinese climbers and the Academic Alpine Club of Kyoto University (AACK) was created and made their first attempt. (Height: 5,500m) Direction: Yubeng^[3][2]
• 1990: Between November to January 1991, the previous joint expedition team made their second attempt and lost their lives in an avalanche. (Height: 6,470m) Direction: Yubeng^[3][2]
• 1991: In January, the rescue team led by the Chinese Mountaineering Association (CMA) reached C2 camp of the previous joint expedition at 5,300m but abandoned their rescue mission on January 21 due to heavy snow.^[3][2]
• 1991: Between April to June, a joint Chinese and Japanese search team abandoned their mission due to multiple snow storms and avalanches.^[2]
• 1996: Between October to December, a new joint expedition team by Chinese and Japanese mountaineers made another summitting attempt, but remained unsuccessful due to extreme weather conditions. (Height: 5,300) Direction: Yubeng^[2]

Climbing ban

Kawagarbo is a sacred mountain in Tibetan culture.^[4][5] The local people believe ascending the mountain is blasphemy and any mountaineering accidents constituted anger of the gods. After considering the local cultural perspectives and for the safety of the expedition, the local government at Deqin has forbidden further climbing activities in the Meili Snow Mountain area.^[2]

• 2000, an international meeting was held between the government of Yunnan Province and The Nature Conservancy (TNC). The meeting made an appeal to prohibit any climbing activities on Kawagarbo.^[2]
• 2001, a law was passed by the local government that no climbing activities were to be allowed on Kawagarbo going onward.^[2]

Climate

Temperature

The average temperature in Meili Snow Mountain Area has had a trend of increasing each year since 1990.^[6]

The temperature of the area is distributed by the mountain range that splits the area into west and east. The temperature on the North-West side increases the most while the east remains mostly the same across the whole year. The increasing trend of temperature in the Meili Snow Mountain range has a strong correlation with the elevation. At an area higher than 4,000m, the temperature's increasing trend gets larger per meter. ^[6]

Precipitation

The precipitation has a huge trend of decreasing each year. Most of the precipitation is in summer while winter has the least.^[6]

The monsoon period contributes the most to the annual precipitation. Approximately 67% of the precipitation is in the Monsoon period. Among all the observations since 1990, the precipitation in Spring has decreased by 10% in total. The amount of precipitation also has a strong correlation with the elevation. During the monsoon period, the precipitation decreases as the elevation gets lower on the west side of the mountain range. However, the precipitation raises tremendously on the east side of the mountain where the elevation is below 3,700m.^[6]

Climate Change

Due to the increasing trend of temperature and the decreasing trend of precipitation, the Meili Snow Mountain range is facing a huge challenge that its glacier water resource is getting scarcer annually. Protecting the environment and preventing the area from losing its water resource becomes more important each year. The environmental protection in Meili Snow Mountain could be decisive to its biome system.^[6]

References

1. Chang jian Zang yu ren ming di ming ci dian = Dictionary of common Tibetan personal and place names. Guansheng Chen, Caidan An, 陈观胜., 安才旦. (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing Shi: Wai wen chu ban she. 2004. ISBN 7-119-03497-9. OCLC 65173194.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
2. Bairi setsuzan : Jūshichinin no tomo o sagashite. Naoyuki Kobayashi, 尚礼 小林. Tōkyō: Yama To Keikokusha. 2006. ISBN 4-635-28065-9. OCLC 675441024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
3. "AAC Publications - East of the Himalaya, Part II: Three Rivers Gorges of the Hengduan Mountains". publications.americanalpineclub.org. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
4. Duoji, Renqin; Jixian, Qi (1999). Khabadkarpo: A Holy Land of Snow Mountains. Kunming, Yunnan, China: Yunnan People's Press.
5. Yeh, Emily. "Circumambulating Khawakarpo". Tibet Himalaya Initiative. University of Colorado Boulder. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
6. Wen-Fei, Miao; Shi-Yin, L. I. U.; Yu, Z. H. U.; Shi-Mei, Duan; Feng-Ze, H. a. N. (2022-05-30). "Spatio-temporal differentiation and altitude dependence of temperature and precipitation in Meili Snow Mountains". Advances in Climate Change Research. 18 (3): 328. doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2021.207. ISSN 1673-1719.