Eosinophil major basic protein, often shortened to major basic protein (MBP; also called Proteoglycan 2 (PRG2)) is encoded in humans by the PRG2 gene.[5]
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The protein encoded by this gene is the predominant constituent of the crystalline core of the eosinophil granule. High levels of the proform of this protein are also present in placenta and pregnancy serum, where it exists as a complex with several other proteins including pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA), angiotensinogen (AGT), and C3dg. This protein may be involved in antiparasitic defense mechanisms as a cytotoxin and helmintho-toxin, and in immune hypersensitivity reactions. It is directly implicated in epithelial cell damage, exfoliation, and bronchospasm in allergic diseases.[5]
PRG2 is a 117-residue protein that predominates in eosinophil granules. It is a potent enzyme against helminths and is toxic towards bacteria and mammalian cells in vitro. The eosinophil major basic protein also causes the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils, and activates neutrophils and alveolar macrophages.
Structurally the major basic protein (MBP) is similar to lectins (sugar-binding proteins), and has a fold similar to that seen in C-type lectins. However, unlike other C-type lectins (those that bind various carbohydrates in the presence of calcium), MBP does not bind either calcium or any of the other carbohydrates that this family recognize.
Instead, MBP recognises heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Two crystallographic structures of MBP have been determined.[6][7]
PDB: 2brs; Swaminathan GJ, Myszka DG, Katsamba PS, Ohnuki LE, Gleich GJ, Acharya KR (November 2005). "Eosinophil-granule major basic protein, a C-type lectin, binds heparin". Biochemistry. 44 (43): 14152–14158. doi:10.1021/bi051112b. PMID 16245931.
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- Oxvig C, Haaning J, Kristensen L, Wagner JM, Rubin I, Stigbrand T, Gleich GJ, Sottrup-Jensen L (1995). "Identification of angiotensinogen and complement C3dg as novel proteins binding the proform of eosinophil major basic protein in human pregnancy serum and plasma". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (23): 13645–13651. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.23.13645. PMID 7539791.
- Oxvig C, Sand O, Kristensen T, Gleich GJ, Sottrup-Jensen L (1993). "Circulating human pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is disulfide-bridged to the proform of eosinophil major basic protein". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (17): 12243–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)31378-4. PMID 7685339.
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- Shikata Y, Hayashi Y, Yoshimatsu K, Ohya Y, Seto T, Fukushima K, Yoshida Y (1993). "Pro-major basic protein has three types of sugar chains at the pro-portion". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1163 (3): 243–9. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(93)90158-N. PMID 8507662.
- Nittoh T, Watanabe M, Okayama H, Misawa S, Isobe Y, Hayashi H, Mue S, Ohuchi K (1996). "Cloning of cDNA for rat eosinophil major basic protein". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1264 (3): 261–4. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(95)00183-2. PMID 8547309.
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