Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statementsEcoregions of the South African exclusive economic zone
List ordering and taxonomy complies where possible with the current usage in Algaebase, and may differ from the cited source, as listed citations are primarily for range or existence of records for the region.
Sub-taxa within any given taxon are arranged alphabetically as a general rule.
Details of each species may be available through the relevant internal links. Synonyms may be listed where useful.
Red algae, or Rhodophyta (/roʊˈdɒfɪtə/, /ˌroʊdəˈfaɪtə/; fromAncient Greekῥόδον (rhódon)'rose'andφυτόν (phutón)'plant'), make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. The Rhodophyta comprises one of the largest phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 recognized species within over 900 genera amidst ongoing taxonomic revisions. The majority of species (6,793) are Florideophyceae, and mostly consist of multicellular, marine algae, including many notable seaweeds. Red algae are abundant in marine habitats. Approximately 5% of red algae species occur in freshwater environments, with greater concentrations in warmer areas. Except for two coastal cave dwelling species in the asexual class Cyanidiophyceae, no terrestrial species exist, which may be due to an evolutionary bottleneck in which the last common ancestor lost about 25% of its core genes and much of its evolutionary plasticity.
Red algae form a distinct group characterized by eukaryotic cells without flagella and centrioles, chloroplasts without external endoplasmic reticulum or unstacked (stroma) thylakoids, and use phycobiliproteins as accessory pigments, which give them their red color. Despite their name, red algae can vary in color from bright green, soft pink, resembling brown algae, to shades of red and purple, and may be almost black at greater depths. Unlike green algae, red algae store sugars as food reserves outside the chloroplasts as floridean starch, a type of starch that consists of highly branched amylopectin without amylose. Most red algae are multicellular, macroscopic, and reproduce sexually. The life history of red algae is typically an alternation of generations that may have three generations rather than two. Coralline algae, which secrete calcium carbonate and play a major role in building coral reefs, belong there.
Porphyra capensis Kützing 1843,[3] (Abundant on whole of west coast extending into Namibia and along south coast of Western and Eastern Cape. Endemic)[2]
Pyropia gardneri (G.M.Smith & Hollenberg) S.C.Lindstrom in Sutherland et al. 2011, syn. Porphyrella gardneri G.M.Smith & Hollenberg 1943, Porphyra gardneri (G.M.Smith & Hollenberg) M.W.Hawkes 1977,[4] (Cape of Good Hope to Brandfontein)[2]
Pyropia saldanhae (Stegenga, J.J.Bolton & R.J.Anderson) J.E.Sutherland in Sutherland et al. 2011, syn. Porphyra saldanhae Stegenga, Bolton & R.J.Anderson 1997,[5] (Hondeklip Bay and Olifantsbos, endemic)[2]
Erythrocladia cf. polystromatica P.J.L.Dangeard 1932,[7] (St James, False Bay and Cape Hangklip)[2]
Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillwyn) J.Agardh 1883, syn. Erythrocladia carnea, Conferva carnea Dillwyn 1807, Bangia ciliaris subsp. pulchella (Harvey) De Toni 1897,[8] (Probably fairly common, but South African distribution uncertain)[2]
Erythrotrichia welwitschii (Ruprecht) Batters 1902, syn. Cruoria welwitschii Ruprecht 1850,[9] (Cape of Good Hope and False Bay extending eastwards at least as far as Port Elizabeth)[2]
Membranella africana Stegenga, Bolton & Anderson 1997,[10] (Cape of Good Hope at least as far as Port Alfred)[2]
Aglaothamnion tripinnatum (C.Agardh) Feldmann-Mazoyer 1941, syn. Callithamnion tripinnatum C.Agardh 1828, Phlebothamnion tripinnatum (C.Agardh) Kützing 1849,[34] (Brandfontein, and south coast as far as East London)[2]
Callithamnion cordatum Børgesen 1909,[35] (Cape Hangklip to Kowie River)[2]
Heteroptilon pappeanum (Kützing) Hommersand in Hommersand, D.W. Freshwater, J. López-Bautista, & S. Fredericq 2006, syn. Euptilota pappeana Kützing 1849,[38] (Hondeklipbaai to Cape Agulhas, endemic)[2]
Heteroptilon rigidulum (De Clerck, Bolton, R.J.Anderson & Coppejans) Hommersand & De Clerck in Hommersand, D.W. Freshwater, J. López-Bautista, & S. Fredericq 2006, syn. Aglaothamnion rigidulum De Clerck, Bolton, R.J.Anderson & Coppejans 2004,[39] (as Aglaothamnium rigidulum, Port Edward to Palm Beach, endemic)[30]
Family Ceramiaceae
Antithamnion diminuatum var. polyglandulum Stegenga 1986,[40] (Olifantsbos in the southern Cape Peninsula eastward to KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
Antithamnion pseudoarmatum Stegenga 1986,[41] (Olifantsbos and Brandfontein, endemic)[2]
Antithamnionella tasmanica Wollaston 1968,[43] (Kalk Bay to Kowie River)[2]
Antithamnionella tormentosa Stegenga 1986,[44] (Cape Peninsula from Three Anchor Bay to Muizenberg, endemic)[2]
Antithamnionella verticillata (Suhr) Lyle 1922, syn. Callithamnion vertillatum Suhr 1840, Antithamnion verticillatum (Suhr) De Toni 1903,[45] (Swartklip in False Bay to Transkei)[2]
Bornetia repens Stegenga 1985,[47] (Swartklip in False Bay to Transkei, possibly KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
Callithamniella capensis Simons 1970,[48] (Muizenberg to East London, endemic)[2]
Callithamnion stuposum Suhr 1840, syn. Phlebothamnion stuposum (Suhr) Kützing 1843, Spongoclonium stuposum (Suhr) De Toni 1903,[49] (Rare on weat coast, common on south coast and KwaZulu-Natal at least as far north as Mabibi)[30]
Carpoblepharis flaccida (J.V.Lamouroux) Kützing 1849, syn. Ptilota flaccida (J.V.Lamouroux) C.Agardh 1822, Delesseria flaccida J.V.Lamouroux 1813,[50] (Namibia to the Kei river, Southern African endemic)[2]
Carpoblepharis minima E.S.Barton 1893,[51] (Möwe Bay in Namibia to Buffels Bay on the Cape Peninsula)[2]
Ceramium arenarium Simons 1966,[54] (Swakopmund in Namibia to East London, Southern African endemic)[2]
Ceramium atrorubescens Kylin 1938,[55] (Swakopmund to Port Nolloth, Southern African endemic)[2]
Ceramium aff. callipterum Mazoyer 1938,[56] (West side of southern Cape Peninsula)[2]
Ceramium camouiiE.Y.Dawson 1944,[57] (Cape Point eastwards along south coast)[2]
Ceramium capense Kützing 1841,[58] (Lüderitz to Kommetjie, endemic)[2]
Ceramium centroceratiforme Simons 1966,[59] (Cape Hangklip to Kei River, endemic)[2]
Ceramium dawsonii A.B.Joly 1957,[60] (False Bay eastward along entire Cape south coast)[2]
Ceramium glanduliferum Kylin 1938,[61] (Sea Point on Cape Peninsula eastward into KwaZulu-Natal, Southern African endemic)[2]
Ceramium obsoletum C.Agardh 1828,[62] (From Namibia south and eastwards along the whole Cape South coast, South African endemic)[2]
Ceramium papenfussianum Simons 1966,[63] (Primarily a West Coast species, endemic)[2]
Ceramium poeppigianum Grunow 1868, syn. Reinboldiella poeppigiana (Grunow) Feldmann & Mazoyer 1937,[64] (Stilbaai to KwaZulu-Natal as far as Mission Rocks)[30]
Ceramium planum Kützing 1849,[65] (Swakopmund in Namibia to False Bay. Southern African endemic)[2]
Ceramium tenerrimum (G.Martens) Okamura 1921, syn. Hormoceras tenerrimum G.Martens 1866,[66] (Whole of Cape west coast and east to Knysna)[2]
Compsothamnionella sciadophila Stegenga 1990,[67] (Found once at Muizenberg, endemic)[2]
Crouania attenuata (C.Agardh) J.Agardh 1842, syn. Mesogloia attenuata C.Agardh 1824,[68] (Kalk Bay eastwaerd into tropical East Africa)[2]
Crouania francescoi Cormaci, G.Furnari & Scammacca 1978,[69] (False Bay eastwards to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
Gayliella flaccida (Harvey ex Kützing) T.O.Cho & L.J.McIvor in Cho et al. 2008, syn. Hormoceras flaccidum Harvey ex Kützing 1862, Ceramium flaccidum (Harvey ex Kützing) Ardissone 1871,[70] (as Ceramium flaccidum, probably widespread alongmost of the South African east coast)[30]
Grateloupia belangeri (Bory de Saint-Vincent) De Clerck, Gavio, Fredericq, Cocquyt & Coppejans 2005, syn. Iridaea belangeri Bory de Saint-Vincent 1834, Phyllymenia belangeri (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Setchell & N.L.Gardner 1936,[71] (Whole west coast extending into Namibia. Southernmost record from Platboombaai, endemic)[2]
Laurenciophila minima Stegenga 1986,[72] (Clovelly in False Bay to Kowie river, endemic)[2]
Microcladia gloria-spei Stegenga 1986,[73] (Port Nolloth to Southern Cape Peninsula),[2]
Platythamnion capense Stegenga 1986,[74] (Only known from Platboombaai, endemic)[2]
Pterothamnion recurvatum (Wollaston) Athanasiadis & Kraft 1994, syn. Platythamnion recurvatum E.M.Wollaston 1972,[75] (Paternoster to Olifantsbos, Port Alfred)[2]
Seagriefia fasciculifera Stegenga, Bolton & R.J.Anderson 1997,[76] (Just east of Cape Hangklip, endemic)[2]
Syringocolax macroblepharis Reinsch 1875,[77] (Cape Agulhas to Morgan Bay near Kei Mouth, endemic)[2]
Dipterocladia pinnatifolia (Suhr) Y.S.D.M.de Jong in De Jong, Prud'homme van Reine & Lokhorst 1997,[84] (Probably restricted to Eastern Cape and extending into southern KwaZulu-Natal as far as Sottburgh, endemic)[30]
Heterosiphonia arenaria Kylin 1938,[85] (Swartklip. Brandfontein, and Port Elizabeth to East London, endemic)[2]
Heterosiphonia crispa (Suhr) Falkenberg 1901, syn. Dasya crispa Suhr 1840,[86] (Lamberts Bay to KwaZulu-Natal, endemic)[2]
Acrosorium acrospermum (J.Agardh) Kylin 1938, syn. Nitophyllum ascospermum J.Agardh 1852,[89] (False Bay to Eastern Cape, endemic)[2]
Acrosorium maculatum (Sonder ex Kützing) Papenfuss 1940, syn. Aglaophyllum maculatum Sonder ex Kützing 1866, Nitophyllum uncinatum var. maculatum (Sonder ex Kützing) De Toni 1900,[90] (Southern Cape Peninsula to KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
Acrosorium ciliolatum (Harvey) Kylin 1924, syn. Nitophyllum ciliolatum Harvey 1855, Aglaophyllum ciliolatum (Harvey) Kützing 1869, Nitophyllum venulosum Zanardini 1866, Acrosorium venulosum (Zanardini) Kylin 1924,[91] (as A. venulosum, Kommetjie to KwaZulu-Natal)[2] (as A. ciliatum, Kommetjie eastward extending into KwaZulu-Natal at least as far as Sodwana Bay)[30]
Bartoniella crenata (J.Agardh ex Mazza) Kylin 1924, syn. Phitymophora crenata J.Agardh ex Mazza 1908,[94] (Muizenberg and Cape Hangklip at least as far as Mission Rocks, endemic)[2][30]
Botryocarpa prolifera Greville 1830,[95] (Namibia to southern Cape Peninsula)[2]
Botryoglossum platycarpum (Turner) Kützing 1843, syn. Fucus platycarpus Turner 1809, Delesseria platycarpa (Turner) J.V.Lamouroux 1813, Phyllophora platycarpa (Turner) Greville ex Krauss 1846, Nitophyllum platycarpum (Turner) J.Agardh 1876,[96] (Namibia to Cape of Good Hope. Southern African endemic)[2]
Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) G.Martens 1869, syn. Delesseria leprieurii Montagne 1840, Hypoglossum leprieurii (Montagne) Kützing 1849, Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J.Agardh 1876,[97] (Langebaan lagoon, Berg river estuary. Also known from estuarine areas and mangrove vegetations of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
Martensia elegans Hering 1841, syn. Capraella elegans (Harvey) J.De Toni 1936, Mesotrema elegans (Hering) Papenfuss 1942,[103] (Common south coast species, extending into KwaZulu-Natal at least as far as Sodwana Bay)[30]
Martensia flabelliformis Harvey ex J.Agardh 1863, syn. Capraella flabelliformis (Harvey) J.De Toni 1936, Neomartensia flabelliformis (Harvey ex J.Agardh) Yoshida & Mikami 1996,[104] (Collected once from Sodwana Bay)[30]
Myriogramme eckloniae Stegenga, Bolton & R.J.Anderson 1997,[105] (Drift material at Muizenberg, endemic)[2]
Myriogramme prostrata (E.Y.Dawson, Neushul & Wildman) M.J.Wynne 1990, syn. Haraldia prostrata E.Y.Dawson, Neushul & Wildman 1960,[107] (Collected only from Sodwana Bay area)[30]
Neuroglossum binderianum Kützing 1843,[108] (Namibia to southern Cape Peninsula)[2]
Nienburgia serrata (Suhr) Papenfuss 1956, syn. Nitophyllum serratum Suhr 1836, Scutarius serratus (Suhr) Kuntze 1891,[109] (Cape Hangklip eastwards intoKwaZulu Natal at least as far as Umhloti, north of Durban, endemic)[2][30]
Papenfussia laciniata (Harvey) M.D. Guiry 2005?, syn. Pollexfenia laciniata Harvey 1844,[110] (Both sides of the Cape Peninsula, endemic)[2]
Patulophycus eclipes A.J.K.Millar & M.J.Wynne 1992,[111] (Frequently collected on deep reef systems in southern KwaZulu-Natal)[30]
Platysiphonia delicata (Clemente) Cremades in Cremades & Perez-Cirera 1990, syn. Conferva delicata Clemente 1807, Polysiphonia miniata (C.Agardh) Kützing 1849,[112] (Known from eastern Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Australia and New Zealand. South African distribution not specified, but found in KwaZulu-Natal by implication.)[30]
Amansia rhodantha (Harvey) J.Agardh 1841, syn. Delesseria rhodantha Harvey 1834, Rytiphlaea rhodantha (Harvey) Decaisne 1842,[119] (Primarily distributed in northern KwaZulu-Natal from Mabibi northwards, with a single collection at Park Rynie)[30]
Bostrychia intricata (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Montagne 1852, syn. Scytonema intricatum Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828, Stictosiphonia intricata (Bory de Saint-Vincent) P.C.Silva 1996,[121] (Saldanha Bay, Kommetjie on Cape Peninsula eastward along whole of south coast)[2]
Bostrychia moritziana (Sonder ex Kützing) J.Agardh 1863, syn. Polysiphonia moritziana Sonder ex Kützing 1849,[122] (Langebaan lagoon, Mangrove vegetation along Transkei and KwaZulu-Natal coasts)[2]
Bostrychia scorpioides (Hudson) Montagne 1842, syn. Amphibia scorpioides (Hudson) Stackhouse, Fucus scorpioides Hudson 1762, Rhodomela scorpioides (Hudson) 1822,[123] (Langebaan lagoon. mangrove vegetation along Transkei coast. Does not appear to extend into KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
Bostrychia tenella (J.V.Lamouroux) J.Agardh 1863, syn. Plocamium tenellum J.V.Lamouroux 1813,[124] (Common along most of the KwaZulu-Natal coast, extending into Mozambique.)[30]
Chondria armata (Kützing) Okamura 1907, syn. Lophura armata Kützing 1866,[125] (Entire KwaZulu-Natal coast extending into Eastern Cape at learst as far south as Bird Island, Algoa Bay)[30]
Chondria capensis (Harvey) Askenasy 1888, syn. Laurencia capensis Harvey 1849, Chondriopsis capensis (Harvey) J.Agardh 1863,[126] (Namibia to just east of Cape Agulhas. Southern African endemic.)[2]
Colacopsis velutina (M.T.Martin & M.A.Pocock) R.E.Norris 1988, syn. Melanocolax velutina M.T.Martin & M.A.Pocock 1953,[127] (Brandfontein to East London, endemic)[2]
Dasyclonium palmatifidum (Grunow) Scagel 1962, syn. Polyzonia palmatifida Grunow 1874, Euzoniella palmatifida (Grunow) Cuoghi Costantini 1912,[128] (Primarily a south coast species, extending into KwaZulu-Natal as far as Shelly Beach, endemic)[30]
Dictyomenia stephensonii Papenfuss 1947,[129] (Bashee river mouth (Mbashe) eastward into KwaZulu-Natal as far north as Umhlali Beach, endemic)[30]
Falkenbergiella capensis Kylin 1938,[131] (St James, Muizenberg and Swartklip in False Bay. Cape south coast. Endemic)[2]
Halopithys subopaca (Simons) L.E.Phillips & De Clerck 2005, syn. Digeneopsis subopaca Simons 1970,[132](Southern Mozanbique and northern KwaZulu-Natal as far south as Mapelane)[30]
Herposiphonia didymosporangia Stegenga & Kemperman 1987,[133] (St James, Brandfontein and coast of De Hoop nature reserve, Southern African endemic)[2]
Herposiphonia falcata (Kützing) De Toni 1903, syn. Polysiphonia falcata Kützing 1863,[134] (Brandfontein, endemic)[2]
Herposiphonia heringii (Harvey) Falkenberg 1901, syn. Polysiphonia heringii Harvey 1847,[135] (Between Hondeklipbaai and St James, endemic)[2]
Herposiphonia prorepens (Harvey) F.Schmitz 1895, syn. Polysiphonia prorepens Harvey 1847,[136] (Cape Hangklip, Cape south coast to KwaZulu-Natal, endemic)[2]
Herposiphonia secunda (C.Agardh) Ambronn 1880, syn. Hutchinsia secunda C.Agardh 1824, Polysiphonia secunda (C.Agardh) Zanardini 1840, Herposiphonia tenella f. secunda (C.Agardh) Hollenberg 1968,[137] (Muizenberg, Cape Agulhas eastward to the tropics)[2]
Janczewskia meridionalis M.T.Martin & M.A.Pocock 1953,[138] (Brandfontein to Northern KwaZulu-Natal, endemic)[2]
Kentrophora natalensis (J.Agardh) S.M.Wilson & Kraft in R.J.F. Henderson, S.M. Wilson & Kraft 2001, syn. Kuetzingia natalensis J.Agardh 1863, Plectrophora natalensis (J.Agardh) Wilson & Kraft 2000,[139] (From just south of the Eastern Cape/KwaZulu-Natal border eastward into Mozambique)[30]
Laurencia brongniartii J.Agardh 1841,[140](Protea Banks in southern KwaZulu-Natal to Saxon Reef near the Mozambique border)[30]
Laurencia natalensis Kylin 1938, syn. Laurencia obtusa var. natalensis (Kylin) Børgesen 1945,[144] (Pearly Beach to Agulhas, more abundant along south and east coast, extending into southern Mozambique)[2][30]
Laurencia peninsularis Stegenga, Bolton & R.J.Anderson 1987,[146] (False Bay to East London, endemic)[2]
Laurencia pumila (Grunow) Papenfuss 1943, syn. Laurencia flexuosa var. pumila Grunow 1867,[147] (Tsitsikamma eastward into southern Mozambique)[30]
Neurymenia fraxinifolia (Mertens ex Turner) J.Agardh 1863, syn. Fucus fraxinifolius Mertens ex Turner 1809, Delesseria fraxinifolia (Mertens ex Turner) C.Agardh 1817, Amansia fraxinifolia (Mertens ex Turner) C.Agardh 1822, Dictyomenia fraxinifolia (Mertens ex Turner) J.Agardh 1841, Epineuron fraxinifolium (Mertens ex Turner) Harvey ex Kützing 1849,[148] (Widespread in Indo-Pacific region, southern limit at Sodwana Bay in KwaZulu-Natal)[30]
Neurymenia nigricans T.Tanaka & Itono 1969,[149] (KwaZulu-Natal from St Lucia northwards)[30]
Ophidocladus simpliciusculus (P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan) Falkenberg in Schmitz & Falkenberg 1897, syn. Polysiphonia simpliciuscula P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan 1852,[150] (Hondeklipbaai?, Platboombaai on Cape Peninsula to Mozambique)[2]
Osmundaria melvillii (J.Agardh) R.E.Norris 1991, syn. Amansia melvillii J.Agardh 1885, Vidalia melvillii (J.Agardh) F.Schmitz 1895,[151] (Tropical species extending as far south as Sodwana Bay in northern KwaZulu-Natal)[30]
Osmundaria serrata (Suhr) R.E.Norris 1991, syn. Carpophyllum serratum Suhr 1840, Dictyomenia serrata (Suhr) J.Agardh 1841, Spirhymenia serrata (Suhr) Harvey 1847, Vidalia serrata (Suhr) J.Agardh 1863, Euspiros serratus (Suhr) Kuntze 1891,[152] (Port St. Johns eastward into KwaZulu-Natal as far as Mission Rocks)[30]
Pachychaeta cryptoclada Falkenberg 1901,[154] (Swartklip, Brandfontein, more common in Eastern Cape, endemic)[2]
Placophora binderi (J.Agardh) J.Agardh 1863, syn. Amansia binderi J.Agardh 1841, Micramansia binderi (J.Agardh) Kützing 1865,[155] (Kalk Bay on the Cape Peninsula extending along south and east coast to southern Mozambique)[2][30]
Placophora monocarpa (Montagne) Papenfuss 1956, syn. Polysiphonia monocarpa Montagne 1842,[156] (Melkbosstrand to Strandfontein in False Bay, possibly further east, endemic)[2]
Polysiphonia incompta Harvey 1847,[157] (Namibia, the entire South African coast into Mozambique)[2][30]
Tayloriella tenebrosa (Harvey) Kylin 1938, Polysiphonia tenebrosa Harvey 1847,[172] (Doring Bay, Muizenberg and Glencairn in False Bay eastward, Southern African endemic)[2]
Family Spyridiaceae
Spyridia cupressina Kützing 1849,[173] (Probably restricted to Eastern Cape and southern KwaZulu-Natal)[30]
Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey in Hooker 1833, syn. Fucus filamentosus Wulfen 1803, Hutchinsia filamentosa (Wulfen) C.Agardh 1824, Polysiphonia filamentosa (Wulfen) Sprengel 1827, Ceramium filamentosum (Wulfen) C.Agardh 1828,[174] (Rare in Western Cape. False Bay, Eastern Cape to tropical East Africa)[2]
Spyridia hypnoides (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Papenfuss 1968, syn. Thamnophora hypnoides Bory de Saint-Vincent 1834,[175] (Palm Beach to Black Rock near the Mozambican border)[30]
Spyridia plumosa F.Schmitz ex J.Agardh 1897,[176] (Camps Bay, Kowie area, extending into KwaZulu-Natal as far as Shelly Beach, endemic)[2][30]
Anotrichium tenue (C.Agardh) Nägeli 1862, syn. Griffithsia tenuis C.Agardh 1828,[178] (Doring Bay to Cape Agulhas and further east to KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
Griffithsia confervoides Suhr 1840,[179] (Namibia to KwaZulu-Natal, Southern African endemic)[2]
Gymnothamnion elegans (Schousboe ex C.Agardh) J.Agardh 1892, syn. Callithamnion elegans Schousboe ex C.Agardh 1828,[180] (Bakoven on Cape Peninsula to KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
Lomathamnion capense Stegenga 1984,[183] (Cape Point to Arniston, endemic)[2]
Pleonosporium filicinum (Harvey ex J.Agardh) De Toni 1903, syn. Halothamnion filicinum Harvey ex J.Agardh 1876,[184] (Swartklip in False Bay to Natal, Southern African endemic)[2]
Pleonosporium harveyanum (J.Agardh) De Toni 1903, syn. Halothamnion harveyanum J.Agardh 1876,[185] (Namibia to East London, Southern African endemic)[2]
Pleonosporium paternoster Stegenga 1986,[186] (Paternoster and Oudekraal, endemic)[2]
Pleonosporium ramulosum (J.Agardh) De Toni 1903, Corynospora ramulosa J.Agardh 1851,[187] (Port Nolloth to southern Cape Peninsula, endemic)[2]
Ptilothamnion polysporum Gordon-Mills & Wollaston in Wollaston 1984;[188] (Swartklip in False Bay to Mozambique)[2]
Shepleya elixithamnia Gordon-Mills & R.E.Norris 1986,[189] (Reported only from a few places in southern KwaZulu-Natal and northern Eastern Cape, endemic)[30]
Spongoclonium caribaeum (Børgesen) M.J.Wynne 2005, syn. Mesothamnion caribaeum Børgesen 1917, Pleonosporium caribaeum (Børgesen) R.E.Norris 1985,[190] (Clovelly in False Bay to KwaZulu-Natal, Widespread in tropical regions.)[2][30]
Tiffaniella cymodoceae (Børgesen) E.M.Gordon 1972, syn. Spermothamnion cymodoceae Børgesen 1952,[2][191] (Platbank on Cape Peninsula to Mozambique)[2]
Tiffaniella schmitziana (E.S.Barton) Bolton & Stegenga 1987, syn. Spermothamnion schmitzianum E.S.Barton 1893,[192] (Kraalbaai, Strandfontein, Port Elizabeth to Hluleka, endemic)[2]
Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne 1842, syn. Bostrychia anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne, Corallina anceps Lamarck 1815,[204] (Stilbaai eastwards into KwaZulu-Natal as far north as Mabibi)[30]
Arthrocardia flabellata (Kützing) Manza 1940, syn. Corallina flabellata Kützing 1858,[211] (Probably along most of the southern African coast)[2] (Probably along the entire South African coast extending into Mozambique)[30]
Arthrocardia filicula (Lamarck) Johansen 1984, syn. Corallina filicula Lamarck 1815, Cheilosporum palmatum var. filicula (Lamarck) Yendo 1902,[212] (Namibia and west coast)[2]
Lithophyllum incrustans R.A.Philippi 1837, syn. Lithothamnion incrustans (Philippi) Foslie 1895, Crodelia incrustans (Philippi) Heydrich 1911,[230] (Coffee Bay (south of Port St. Johns))[217]
Spongites impar (Foslie) Y.M.Chamberlain 1994, syn. Lithophyllum impar Foslie 1909,[240] (Cape St. Martin just south of St. Helena Bay, Western Cape, to Oudekraal, western Cape Peninsula, Western Cape.)[217]
Spongites yendoi (Foslie) Y.M.Chamberlain 1993, syn. Lithophyllum yendoi (Foslie) Foslie 1900, Goniolithon yendoi Foslie 1900, Lithothamnion yendoi (Foslie) Lemoine 1965, Pseudolithophyllum yendoi (Foslie) Adey 1970,[241] (Throughout South Africa (Namibia to the Mozambican border). Most abundant along the southern west and south coasts, becoming less common toward the east.)[217]
Gelidium micropterum Kützing 1868,[246] (Cape Peninsula to Knysna)[2]
Gelidium pristoides (Turner) Kützing 1843,[247] (Sea Point and False Bay eastwards)[2]
Gelidium pteridifolium R.E.Norris, Hommersand & Fredericq 1987,[248] (Glencairn, Cape Hangklip, Eastern Cape and southern KwaZulu-Natal up to Tinley Manor just north of Durban)[2][30]
Gelidium reptans (Suhr) Kylin 1938, syn. Phyllophora reptans Suhr 1841,[249] (Cape Peninsula and False Bay to KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[2][30]
Gelidium vittatum (Linnaeus) Kützing 1843, syn. Fucus vittatus Linnaeus 1767, Suhria vittata (Linnaeus) Endlicher 1843, Chaetangium vittatum (Linnaeus) P.G.Parkinson 1981,[250] (Möwe Bay, Nabibia to Brandfontein, drift specimens to Port Elizabeth)[2]
Ptilophora diversifolia (Suhr) Papenfuss 1940, syn. Phyllophora diversifolia Suhr 1840, Membranifolia diversifolia (Suhr) Kuntze 1891,[252] (Port Elizabeth to just south of Durban, endemic)[30]
Ptilophora helenae (Dickinson) R.E.Norris 1987, basionym. Gelidium helenae Dickinson 1950,[253] (Mission Rocks, drift between Mission Rocks and Richards Bay)[30]
Ptilophora leliaertii E.M.Tronchin & O.De Clerck 2004,[255] (Protea Banks and drift on nearby beaches)[30]
Ptilophora pinnatifida J.Agardh 1885, syn. Beckerella pinnatifida (J.Agardh) Kylin 1956,[256] (Just south of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal to Algoa Bay in Eastern Cape)[30]
Chondracanthus teedei (Mertens ex Roth) Kützing 1843, syn. Ceramium teedei Mertens ex Roth 1806, Gigartina teedei (Mertens ex Roth) J.V.Lamouroux 1813,[269] (Kraalbaai in Langebaan Lagoon, and Eastern Cape)[2]
Gigartina bracteata (S.G.Gmelin) Setchell & N.L.Gardner 1933, syn. Fucus bracteatus S.G.Gmelin 1768,[270] (Namibia to Cape of Good Hope, drift material from Muizenberg, Southern African endemic)[2]
Gigartina insignis (Endlicher & Diesing) F.Schmitz in E.S.Barton 1896, syn. Iridaea insignis Endlicher & Diesing 1845,[271] (Muizenberg, Cape Hangklip to Kowie River, Southern African endemic)[2]
Gigartina pistillata (S.G.Gmelin) Stackhouse 1809, syn. Fucus pistillatus S.G.Gmelin 1768,[272] (Smitswinkel Bay and Swartklip east to the Kowie area)[2]
Gigartina tysonii Reinbold in Tyson 1912,[273] (Three Anchor Bay to Camps Bay, drift specimens from Platboombaai and Olifantsbos, endemic)[2]
Iridaea convoluta (Areschoug ex J Agardh) Hewitt 1960, syn. Gigartina convoluta Areschoug ex J.Agardh 1899,[274] (Table Bay to Cape of Good Hope, endemic)[2]
Mazzaella capensis (J.Agardh) Fredericq in Hommersand et al. 1993, Iridaea capensis J.Agardh 1848, Iridophycus capensis (J.Agardh) Setchell & N.L.Gardner 1936, Gigartina capensis (J.Agardh) D.H.Kim 1976,[275] (Port Nolloth to Cape Agulhas, extending into Namibia, Southern African endemic)[2]
Rhodoglossum alcicorne Stegenga, Bolton & R.J.Anderson 1997,[276] (Hout Bay, endemic)[2]
Sarcothalia radula (Esper) Edyvane & Womersley 1994, syn. Fucus radula Esper 1802, Sphaerococcus radula (Esper) C.Agardh 1822, Iridaea radula (Esper) Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828, Gigartina radula (Esper) J.Agardh 1851,[277] (Port Nolloth to Cape Agulhas, rare at De Hoop, extending into Namibia)[2]
Thamnophyllis pocockiae R.E.Norris 1964,[284] (St Helena bay to East London)[2]
Family Phacelocarpaceae
Phacelocarpus oligacanthus Kützing 1868, syn. Phacelocarpus tortuosus var. oligacanthus (Kützing) De Toni 1900,[285] (Cape Agulhas to Widenham near Umkomaas, endemic)[30]
Ahnfeltiopsis intermedia (Kylin) Stegenga, Bolton & R.J.Anderson 1997, syn. Gymnogongrus intermedius Kylin 1938,[291] (Kalk Bay, Sea Point and possibly Keurboomstrand in Plettenberg Bay)[2]
Ahnfeltiopsis polyclada (Kützing) P.C.Silva & DeCew 1992, syn. Chondrus polycladus Kützing 1849, Gymnogongrus polycladus (Kützing) J.Agardh 1851,[292] (False Bay to Brandfontein, possibly Melkbosstrand and Postberg)[2]
Ahnfeltiopsis vermicularis (C.Agardh) P.C.Silva & DeCew 1992, syn. Sphaerococcus vermicularis C.Agardh 1817, Gymnogongrus vermicularis (C.Agardh) J.Agardh 1851,[293] (Hondeklipbaai to False Bay, South African endemic)[2]
Gymnogongrus dilatatus (Turner) J.Agardh 1851, syn. Fucus dilatatus Turner 1811, Sphaerococcus dilatatus (Turner) C.Agardh 1817, Pachycarpus dilatatus (Turner) Kützing 1843,[294] (Namibia to southern Cape Peninsula, drift material from Muizenberg)[2]
Gymnogongrus tetrasporifer Papenfuss in R.A.Anderson & Bolton 1990,[295] (Port Alfred eastwards extending into KwaZulu-Natal as far north as Bhanga Nek, endemic)[30]
Schottera nicaeensis (J.V.Lamouroux ex Duby) Guiry & Hollenberg 1975, syn. Halymenia nicaeensis J.V.Lamouroux ex Duby 1830, Rhodymenia palmetta var. nicaeënsis (Lamouroux ex Duby) J.Agardh 1842, Rhodymenia nicaeensis (J.V.Lamouroux ex Duby) Montagne 1846, Gymnogongrus nicaeënsis (J.V.Lamouroux ex Duby) Ardissone & Straforello 1877, Phyllophora nicaeënsis (J.V.Lamouroux ex Duby) F.Schmitz 1893, Petroglossum nicaeensis (Duby) Schotter 1953,[296] (Known from several localities in southern KwaZulu-Natal)[30]
Portieria hornemannii (Lyngbye) P.C.Silva in P.C. Silva, Meñez & Moe 1987, syn. Desmia hornemannii Lyngbye 1819, Chondrococcus hornemannii (Lyngbye) F.Schmitz 1895,[297] (Table Bay, False Bay, south and east coast, extending into Mozambique)[2][30]
Portieria tripinnata (Hering) De Clerck in De Clerck, Tronchin & Schils 2005, syn. Rhodymenia tripinnata Hering in Krauss 1846,[298] (Haga Haga near Kei Mouth to Mission Rocks)[30]
Gracilaria aculeata (Hering) Papenfuss 1967, syn. Gelidium aculeatum Hering 1846,[300] (Kenton near Port Alfred eastward into KwZulu-Natal as far as Cape Vidal)[30]
Gracilaria canaliculata Sonder 1871,[301] (Cape Vidal northwards into Mozambique)[30]
Gracilaria denticulata F.Schmitz ex Mazza 1907, syn. Tylotus denticulatus (F.Schmitz ex Mazza) Papenfuss,[303] (Kenton near Port Alfred eastward into Mozanbique)[30]
Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss 1950, syn. Fucus verrucosus Hudson 1762,[305] (recorded from: St Helena Bay, Velddrif, Saldanha Bay, Langebaan Lagoon, Table Bay, False bay, Swartkops River)[2]
Gracilaria vieillardii P.C.Silva in Silva, Meñez & Moe 1987,[306] (Most of KwaZulu-Natal coast)[30]
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis(Bory de Saint-Vincent) E.Y.Dawson, Acleto & Foldvik 1964, syn. Gigartina lemaneiformis Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828, Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Greville 1830, Cordylecladia lemanaeformis (Bory de Saint-Vincent) M.A.Howe 1914,[307] (Simon's Town in False Bay)[2]
Codiophyllum natalense J.E.Gray 1872,[311] (Probably from Port Alfred to Protea Bamks in southern KwaZulu-Natal)[30]
Cryptonemia natalensis (J.Agardh) Chiang 1970, syn. Meristotheca natalensis J.Agardh 1876,[312] (Kenton on Sea eastwards extending into KwaZulu-Natal as far as Durban, endemic)[30]
Grateloupia filicina (J.V.Lamouroux) C.Agardh 1822, syn. Delesseria filicina J.V.Lamouroux 1813,[314] (Whole west coast and south coast to Eastern Cape as far as the Kowie area)[2]
Halymenia durvillei Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828,[315] (Sodwana Bay northwards into Mozambique)[30]
Pachymenia orbitosa (Suhr) L.K.Russell in L.K. Russell et al. 2009' syn. Iridaea orbitosa Suhr 1840, Aeodes orbitosa (Suhr) F.Schmitz 1894,[316] (Whole Cape west coast, extending into Namibia, and eastward at least as far as Cape Agulhas, endemic)[2]
Pachymenia carnosa (J.Agardh) J.Agardh 1876, syn. Platymenia carnosa J.Agardh 1848. Iridaea carnosa (J.Agardh) Kützing 1849, Schizymenia carnosa (J.Agardh) J.Agardh 1851,[317] (Whole west coast into Namibia, eastward to Brandtfontein)[2]
Pachymenia cornea (Kützing) Chiang 1970, syn. Iridaea cornea Kützing 1867, Cyrtymenia cornea (Kützing) F.Schmitz 1897, Phyllymenia cornea (Kützing) Setchell & Gardner 1936,[318] (Doring Bay to East London)[2]
Polyopes constrictus (Turner) J.Agardh 1851, syn. Fucus constrictus Turner 1809, Sphaerococcus constrictus (Turner) C.Agardh 1822, Gelidium constrictum (Turner) Kützing 1849,[319] (Doring Bay to Kei River mouth)[2]
Prionitis filiformis Kylin 1941,[320] (Port Elizabeth to Port Edward, endemic)[30]
Prionitis nodifera (Hering) E.S.Barton 1896, syn. Sphaerococcus nodifer Hering 1841, Gigartina nodifera (Hering) Hering 1846, Mammillaria nodifera (Hering) Kuntze 1891, Zanardinula nodifera (Hering) De Toni fil. 1936,[321] (Three Sisters at Riet River, 10km west of Port Alfred to Mission Rocks, endemic)[30]
Thamnoclonium dichotomum (J.Agardh) J.Agardh 1876, syn. Polyphacum dichotomum J.Agardh 1841, Thamnoclonium hirsutum var. africanum Kützing 1849, Thamnoclonium claviferum J.Agardh 1876, Thamnoclonium codioides J.Agardh 1876,[322] (Predominantly restricted to southern KwaZulu-Natal, but extending into northern KwZulu-Natal as far as Sodwana Bay)[30]
Peyssonnelia replicata Kützing 1847, syn. Pterigospermum replicatum (Kützing) Kuntze 1891,[348] (Palm Beach to St Lucia, endemic)[30]
Order Plocamiales
Family Plocamiaceae
Plocamiocolax papenfussianus M.F.Martin & M.A.Pocock 1953,[349] (Melkbosstrand to East London, endemic)[2] (Arniston north to Rabbit Rock in KwaZulu-Natal)[30]
Plocamium beckeri F.Schmitz ex Simons 1964,[350] (Collected at Muizenberg, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
Plocamium sp. indet. (False Bay coast, endemic?)[2]
Family Sarcodiaceae
Sarcodia dentata (Suhr) R.E.Norris 1987, syn. Halymenia dentata Suhr 1834, Kallymenia dentata (Suhr) J.Agardh 1848, Halymenia carnosa var. dentata (Suhr) Kützing 1849, Anatheca dentata (Suhr) Papenfuss 1940,[358] (Swartklip, Die Walle just west of Cape Agulhas, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, Southern African endemic)[2]
Trematocarpus flabellatus (J.Agardh) De Toni 1900, syn. Phyllotylus flabellatus J.Agardh 1847, Dicurella flabellata (J.Agardh) J.Agardh 1852,[359] (Lüderitz to Port Elizabeth, Southern African endemic)[2]
Trematocarpus fragilis (C.Agardh) De Toni 1900, syn. Sphaerococcus fragilis C.Agardh 1822, Chondrus fragilis (C.Agardh) Greville 1830, Dicurella fragilis (C.Agardh) J.Agardh 1852,[360] (Port Nolloth to Brandfontein, Southern African endemic)[2]
Order Rhodymeniales
Family Champiaceae
Champia compressa Harvey 1838,[361] (False Bay eastward to northern KwaZulu-Natal and extending into Mozambique. Rarer on west side of Cape Peninsula and also found at Kraalbaai and Paternoster)[2][30]
Champia indica Børgesen 1933,[362] (Known only from Sodwana Bay)[30]
Chylocladia capensis Harvey 1849,[363] (Namibia to Transkei, Southern African endemic)[2]
Family Faucheaceae
Gloiocladia spinulosa (Okamura & Segawa) Sánchez & Rodríguez-Prieto in Rodriguez-Prieto et al. 2007, syn. Fauchea spinulosa Okamura & Segawa 1935,[364] (as Fauchea spinulosa, Protea Banks, drift near Cape Vidal)[30]
Family Hymenocladiaceae
Erythrymenia obovata F.Schmitz ex Mazza 1921,[365] (Port Alfred eastward to Shelly Beach in southern KwaZulu-Natal, endemic)[30]
Lomentaria diffusa Stegenga, Bolton & R.J.Anderson 1997,[367] (Saldanha Bay and Kraalbaai to Brandfontein, endemic)[2]
Family Rhodymeniaceae
Botryocladia paucivesicaria Stegenga, Bolton & R.J.Anderson 1997,[368] (Known from drift specimens collected on the west side of Cape peninsula at Noordhoek Beach and Olifantsbos, endemic)[2]
Botryocladia leptopoda (J.Agardh) Kylin 1931, syn. Chrysymenia uvaria var. leptopoda J.Agardh 1876, Chrysymenia leptopoda (J.Agardh) Weber-van Bosse 1928,[369] (Collected once at 5 Mile Reef, Sodwana Bay, also from drift near Lala Nek)[30]
Botryocladia madagascariensis G.Feldmann 1945,[370] (Bird Island in Algoa Bay eastwards into KwaZulu-Natal as far as Isipingo)[30]
Stegenga, H., Bolton, J.J., & Anderson, R.J. 1997. Seaweeds of the South African West Coast. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town. ISBN0-7992-1793-X
De Clerck, O., Tronchin, E.M., and Schils, T. in De Clerck, O., Bolton, J.J., Anderson, R. J. & Coppejans, E. 2005. Guide to the Seaweeds of KwazZulu-Natal. Scripta Botanica Belgica Volume 33. Joint publication of: National Botanical gardens of Belgium, VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute and Flemish Community. ISBN90-72619-64-1
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 24 February 2012
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 9 April 2012
G.W. Maneveldt, Y.M. Chamberlain, D.W. Keats, (2008), A catalogue with keys to the non-geniculate coralline algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) of South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 74, 555–566
Silva, P.C., Basson, P.W. & Moe, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Publications in Botany 79: 1-1259.
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 4 April 2012
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