Historical urban community sizes

Not to be confused with List of largest cities throughout history.

This article lists historical urban community sizes based on the estimated populations of selected human settlements from 7000 BC – AD 1875, organized by archaeological periods.

Many of the figures are uncertain, especially in ancient times. Estimating population sizes before censuses were conducted is a difficult task.^[1]

Neolithic settlements

Further information: Neolithic architecture

Town	Location	7000 BC	6000 BC	5000 BC	4000 BC	3800 BC	3700 BC
'Ain Ghazal	Jordan	2,501[2]
Beidha	Jordan	1,000[3]
Çatalhöyük	Turkey	1,000[3][2]–10,000[4]
Choirokoitia[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]	Cyprus	300–600	2,000
Lepenski Vir	Serbia		150–1,000[12][13][14][15][16][17]
Nea Nikomedeia	Greece		500–700[18]
Okoliste	Bosnia and Herzegovina			1,000–3,000[19]
Vinča-Belo Brdo	Serbia			2,000–2,500[20][21]
Sesklo	Greece			1,000–5,000[22][23][24][25]
Dobrovody	Ukraine				16,000[26]	10,000–16,000[27][28][29]
Fedorovka	Ukraine				6,000[26]
Mehrgarh	Pakistan	1,000–10,000[30]
Maydanets	Ukraine					10,000[26]	10,000–46,000[a][31]
Nebelivka	Ukraine				17,000[26]
Talianki	Ukraine					15,000–25,000–30,000[26][32][33]	10,000–15,000[34][35][unreliable source?]
Tell Brak	Syria			4,000[3]	5,000[3]
Uruk	Iraq				5,000[3]

Bronze Age

Further information: Cities of the Ancient Near East

Table 1: 3700–2600 BC

City	Location	3700 BC	3400 BC	3100 BC	2800 BC	2600 BC
Adab	Iraq				11,000[36]
Anshan	Iran			10,000[36]	10,000[36]
Bad-tibira	Iraq				16,000[36]
Eridu	Iraq	6,000–10,000[36]
Habuba Kabira	Syria			6,000–8,000[36]
Harappa	Pakistan					35,000[37]
Kish	Iraq				40,000[36]
Lagash	Iraq					40,000[38]
Larak/Larsa	Iraq	10,000[36]	10,000[36]
Manika, Greece[39][40][41][42][43][44][45]	Greece				6,000–15,000	6,000–15,000
Memphis	Egypt			30,000
Mohenjo-daro	Pakistan					41,250[37]
Nekhen	Egypt		5,000–10,000[36]
Nippur	Iraq				13,000[36]
Shahr-i Sokhta	Iran			20,000[2]
Shuruppak	Iraq				20,000[36]
Suheri				13,000[36]	10,000[36]
Susa	Iran		8,000[3]
Tell Brak	Syria		8,000[3]	22,000[36]	20,000[36]
Thebes, Greece	Greece					4,000–6,000[45]
Umma	Iraq				26,000[36]
Ur	Iraq				6,000[36]
Uruk	Iraq	8,000[3] 14,000[36]	20,000[36]	40,000[38]–50,000[36]	80,000[36]	80,000[38]

Table 2: 2500–1200 BC

City	Location	2500 BC	2300 BC	2000 BC	1800 BC	1600 BC	1360 BC	1200 BC
Athens[46][47]	Greece						10,000	10,000–15,000
Akrotiri (prehistoric city)[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]	Greece					8,000–30,000
Adab	Iraq	13,000[36]	10,000[36]	10,000[36]	10,000[36]
Akkad	Iraq		36,000[36]
Amarna	Egypt
Anshan	Iran	10,000[36]	10,000[36]	10,000[36]	10,000[36]
Avaris/Pi-Ramses	Egypt					100,000[38]		160,000[38]
Babylon	Iraq				65,000[3]			80,000[3]
Dur-Kurigalzu	Iraq
Ebla	Syria		30,000[36]
Erlitou	China				24,000[3]–35,000[36]
Harappa	Pakistan		10,000[36]
Hattusa	Turkey						40,000[56]	40,000[56]
Hazor	Israel
Heliopolis	Egypt
Heracleopolis	Egypt
Isin	Iraq			40,000[36]	20,000[36]
Kerma	Sudan
Kesh	Iraq	11,000[36]
Kish	Iraq	25,000[36]	10,000[36]	40,000[38]
Knossos[48][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]	Greece	1,300–2,000		18,000		20,000	30,000
Lagash	Iraq	40,000[36]	10,000[36]	30,000[36][38]	10,000[36]
Larak/Larsa	Iraq	10,000[36]		40,000[36]	20,000[36]
Manika, Greece[45]	Greece	6,000–15,000	6,000–15,000
Malia	Greece					5,000–10,000–12,500[48][65]
Mari	Syria
Memphis	Egypt		30,000[36]–35,000[3]	60,000[3][36][38]	30,000[36]	22,000[67]	32,000[67]	50,000[67]
Mohenjo-daro	Pakistan	20,000[36]	20,000[36]	10,000[36]
Mozah		15,000[36]	15,000[36]
Mycenae	Greece		20,000[68]				30,000–35,000[62][69]	30,000[56]
Namazga-Tepe	Turkmenistan		14,000[36]	14,000[36]
Nekhen	Egypt					21,000[56]
Niniveh	Iraq					23,000[56]		33,000[56]
Nippur	Iraq	20,000[36]	10,000[36]	10,000[36]
Palaikastro	Greece					18,000[48][65]
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán	Mexico							7,500[70]
Shahr-i Sokhta	Iran	20,000[36]	20,000[36]
Shuruppak	Iraq	17,000[36]
Suheri		10,000[36]	10,000[36]	10,000[36]
Susa	Iran			25,000[36]	25,000[36]
Taosi	China	10,000[3]	14,000[3]
Tell Brak	Syria	15,000[36]	15,000[36]
Tell Churra			20,000[36]
Tell Leilan	Syria	20,000[36]	20,000[36]
Thebes	Egypt			40,000[36]	40,000[36]		80,000[3]	80,000[3]
Thebes, Greece[45][71][72]	Greece	4,000–6,000					8,000
Tiryns[45][73][46][47]	Greece	1,200–1,800					10,000	10,000–15,000
Umma	Iraq	34,000[36]	20,000[36]	10,000[36]	20,000[36]
Ur	Iraq			60,000[3] 65,000[56]
Uruk	Iraq	50,000[3][36]				75,000[3]
Yin (Anyang)	China							50,000[3]–120,000[38]
Zabala	Iraq		10,000[36]	10,000[36]	10,000[36]
Zhengzhou	China						35,000[3]

Iron Age

Table 1: 1000-400 BC

City	Location	1000 BC	900 BC	800 BC	700 BC	650 BC	600 BC	500 BC	430 BC	400 BC
Aegina	Greece							20,000–40,000[74]		20,000–40,000
Anuradhapura	Sri Lanka								48,000[56][67]
Anyi								100,000[38]		100,000[38]
Athens[64][75][76][77][78]	Greece	2,500–5,000[75]	2,500–5,000[75]	2,500–5,000[75]	10,000[75]			20,000[75]	40,000[75]	25,000[75]
Agrigento	Italy							40,000	40,000
Argos	Greece							30,000–60,000[64][76][79][80][81][82]		30,000–60,000
Ayodhya	India
Babylon	Iraq	45,000[67]–100,000[b]		47,000[67]		60,000[67]	125,000[3]	150,000[3]	200,000[56]	150,000[3]
Benares	India
Capua	Italy							100,000[83][84]		100,000
Cerveteri	Italy						25,000–40,000[85][86][87][88][89]
Chicheng	China
Cuicuilco	Mexico
Corinth	Greece				5,000[75]			20,000[75]
Crotone	Italy							50,000–80,000[90]
Ecbatana	Iran
Haojing	China	100,000[b]	125,000[38]	125,000[38]		33,000[56][67]
Hastinapur	India
Jerusalem	Israel/Palestine	40,000[56][67]							49,942 (445 BC)[56]
Kamarina	Italy								20,000
Kerch	Crimea Ukraine									40,000[56][67]
Kingchow	China
Kalḫu (Nimrud)	Iraq			75,000[3]
Kosambi	India					55,000[67]
Linzi	China				55,000–100,000[3][38]	80,000–100,000[67][38]	65,000–100,000[3][38]	80,000–100,000[3][38]	60,000–200,000[67][38]	100,000–200,000[3][38]
Luoyang	China	35,000[3][67]–100,000[c][d]	40,000[3]	45,000[3]–50,000[67]	55,000[3]–100,000[38]	70,000[67]–100,000[38]	65,000[3]–100,000[38]	200,000[38]	200,000[38]	100,000[3]–240,000[38]
Marib	Yemen					45,000[67]
Memphis	Egypt	35,000–100,000[b][67]		44,000[67]			65,000[67]		100,000[67]
Metapontum	Italy							40,000
Miletus	Turkey
Niniveh	Iraq			39,000[56]	100,000[3]	120,000[56]
Pataliputra / Patna	India									400,000[3]
Populonia	Italy						25,000–40,000[87][88][91][92]
Pyongyang	North Korea
Tarquinia	Italy						20,000–40,000[87][88][91][92]
Thebes, Greece	Greece							30,000–60,000[45][71][93][94][95]		30,000–60,000
Qufu	China							100,000[38]		100,000[38]
Rome	Italy	4,440[96]						24,400–40,000[96][97]	27,200	28,960[97]
Sais	Egypt
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán	Mexico	13,000[98]	13,000[98]
Shangqiu	China							100,000[38]		130,000[38]
Sravasti	India								46,000[56]
Sparta	Greece							40,000–50,000[99]
Susa	Iran	40,000[56][67]								200,000[56][67]
Suzhou	China									100,000[38]
Syracuse	Italy							24,000–40,000[100][101][102]	24,000–40,000[76]	24,000–125,000[67][76]
Sybaris	Italy							100,000[103]
Taranto	Italy									110,000–150,000[104]
Thebes	Egypt	50,000[3]–120,000[b]	50,000[3]
Vaisali	India
Veii	Italy						25,000–100,000[87][88][91][92]
Volsinii	Italy						13,000–40,000[87][88][91][92]
Vulci	Italy						15,000–40,000[87][88][92]
Xiadu	China						100,000[38]	100,000[38]	320,000[38]	300,000[38]
Xintian	China							100,000[38]
Xinzheng	China									100,000[38]
Xue
Yong	China									100,000[38]

Table 2: 300 BC-400 AD

City	Location	300 BC	200 BC	100 BC	AD 1	AD 100	AD 200	AD 300	AD 361	AD 400
Alexandria	Egypt	150,000[3]	300,000[3][56]–600,000[38]	400,000[3]		250,000[67]–500,000[105]	500,000[105]		125,000[67]–200,000[56]
Augsburg	Germany					25,000–50,000	25,000–50,000[106]
Antioch	Turkey		120,000[56]	400,000[75]		150,000[67]–250,000[107]	250,000[107]		150,000[67]
Anuradhapura	Sri Lanka		68,000[56][67]			130,000[56]			72,000[67]
Anyi		100,000[38]
Athens	Greece	25,000[75]	10,000[75]	10,000[75]		90,000[108]	90,000[108]
Autun	France				40,000–100,000[109][110]	40,000–100,000
Arles	France					10,000[111]	10,000[111]			75,000[112]
Ayodhya	India								63,000[67]
Aquileia	Italy					12,000[113]	12,000[113]
Carnuntum	Austria					12,000[107]–50,000[114][115]	12,000[107]–50,000[114][115]
Capua	Italy		100,000	100,000[83][84]		25,000–40,000
Carthage	Tunisia		150,000–200,000[56]			100,000[56]–300,000[116]	300,000[116]
Chang'an/Xi'an	China		100,000–400,000[38][3][56]	375,000–400,000[3][38]	246,000–500,000[117][38][3]	81,000–100,000[56][67][38]	120,000[3]	140,000[3]	80,000[67]	100,000[38]
Chengdu	China				100,000[38]	70,000[67]
Cổ Loa	Vietnam		40,000[38]	50,000[38]
Byzantium / Constantinople	Turkey						15,000	20,000	150,000	200,000
Corinth	Greece					40,000–100,000[75][107][118]
Cologne	Germany					20,000–40,000[119][120]	20,000–40,000[119][121][122]
Ctesiphon	Iraq								250,000[67]
Cuicuilco	Mexico		36,000[67]
Datong	China									100,000[38]
El Mirador	Guatemala				200,000[123]
Ephesus	Turkey					33,600[107]
Izapa	Mexico		35,000[67]
Kaushambi	India	90,000-180,000[124]
Kaveri									59,000[67]
Linzi	China	125,000–350,000[3][38]	100,000[38]	100,000[38]	100,000[38]		100,000[38]
London	UK					30,000	45,000–60,000[125]
Lugdunum	France					25,000–50,000[111][126]	25,000–50,000[111][126]
Luoyang	China	125,000[3]–240,000[38]	60,000[67]		200,000[38]	420,000[38][67]		140,000[3]–250,000[38]		200,000[38]
Mathura	India
Milan	Italy					30,000–40,000[56]			100,000	25,000–100,000[127][128][129]
Monte Albán	Mexico	5,200[130]		17,200[130]	17,200[130]	17,200[130]	17,200[130]
Nanjing	China		56,000[67]			78,000[67]		100,000[38]	150,000[67]	300,000[38]
Nimes	France						40,000–60,000[131][132][133]
Ostia Antica	Italy					25,000[106]–40,000[113]	25,000–50,000[106][113][134]
Paithan	India		60,000[67]			84,000[67]
Patala	Pakistan					73,000[67]
Pataliputra	India		350,000[56]–400,000 - 1,000,000[124]			69,000[56][67]			250,000[56]
Peshawar	Pakistan					120,000[56]
Philippi	Greece				100,000[135]
Pingcheng	China		88,000[67]							200,000[3]
Pozzuoli	Italy				30,000–50,000	30,000[116]–50,000[106]
Pyay	Myanmar								69,000[67]
Qufu	China	100,000[38]–125,000[3]
Rajgir	India	100,000[124]
Rhodes[136][137][138]	Greece	100,000–200,000	100,000
Rome	Italy	100,000[97]	150,000–160,000[67][56]	400,000[3]	1,000,000[38][3]	1,000,000[3][38]	1,000,000[3]	800,000[3]	800,000[3]	800,000[3]
Salona	Croatia					25,000[119]	25,000[119]
Seleucia	Iraq		200,000[67]	400,000[75]	250,000 (CE 2)[56]	150,000[56]–250,000[67]
Shangqiu	China	100,000[38]
Srughna	India	100,000[124]
Suzhou	China	100,000[38]	66,000[67]			95,000[67]			58,000[67]
Syracuse	Italy	50,000–100,000[76]				90,000[139]	90,000[139]
Taxila	Pakistan		60,000[67]
Teotihuacán	Mexico		60,000–80,000[140]						90,000[67]
Thessaloniki	Greece					30,000[108]	30,000[108]
Tikal	Guatemala								100,000[141]
Tosali	India					16,000-47,000[124]
Tres Zapotes	Mexico		30,000[67]
Trier	Germany					10,000[119]	10,000[119]–50,000	50,000–100,000[106][112]	60,000
Ujjain	India	60,000[124]	94,000[67]						80,000[67]
Vaishali	India					28,000-82,000[124]
Vidisha	India	~100,000[124]
Wanxian	China				100,000[38]
Xiadu	China	300,000[38]
Xianyang	China	100,000[38]	100,000–300,000[56]
Xinzheng	China	120,000[38]–125,000[3]
Xuchang	China							140,000[3]
Ye	China							140,000[3]	120,000[67]	100,000[38]

Middle Ages

Early Middle Ages: 500-999 AD

City	Location	500	600	622	700	775	800	900
Aleppo	Syria			72,000[67]
Athens	Greece	110,000[142]
Alexandria	Egypt			94,000[67]–200,000[56]	216,000[56]		60,000–100,000	60,000–100,000
Angkor	Cambodia					80,000[143]	100,000[143]	90,000[67]–150,000[143]
Anhilpur	India							80,000[67]
Antioch	Turkey	150,000[67]
Anuradhapura	Sri Lanka			70,000[67]
Arles	France						10,000[144]
Ayodhya	India	75,000[67]
Badami	India			70,000[67]
Baghdad	Iraq						175,000[3][67]	150,000[3]
Bakhalal	Mexico	45,000[67]
Basra	Iraq						100,000[67]
Benares	India			75,000-210,000[145]			49,000[67]	59,000[67]
Carthage	Tunisia	100,000[56][67]
Chang'an / Xi'an	China	95,000[67][38]–400,000[56]	400,000[38]–600,000[3]	400,000[67]	1,000,000[38]	1,000,000[38][56][e]	600,000[67]–1,000,000[38][3]	100,000[38]–750,000[67][3]
Chengdu	China			94,000[67]	100,000[38]		100,000[38]
Chenla	Cambodia			70,000[67]
Chunar	India							72,000[67]
Constantinople	Turkey	400,000[3]–500,000[56][146]	150,000[3]	150,000[67]	125,000[3]	40,000–50,000[3]	40,000–50,000[3]	150,000[3]
Copán	Honduras						63,000[67]
Cologne	Germany						15,000–20,000[147]	21,000[147]
Córdoba	Spain					135,000[68]	160,000[67]	110,000[148]–175,000[3]
Ctesiphon	Iraq	400,000[67]		200,000[149]–500,000[67]
Dali	China							90,000[67]–100,000[38]
Đại La /Hanoi	Vietnam							25,000[150]
Datong	China	200,000[38]
Dorestad	Netherlands					1,000–2,500	1,000–2,500
El Pilar	Guatemala							182,600[151]
El Tajín	Mexico			40,000[67]			40,000[67]	50,000[67]
Fanyang (Youzhou)	China						100,000[38]
Florence	Italy		1,000			2,000–2,500	5,000
Fustat	Egypt						100,000[67]	150,000[67]
Gao	Mali						72,000[67]
Granada	Spain							20,000
Guangzhou	China				200,000[38]		200,000[38]
Gwalior	India	65,000[67]
Huari/Wari	Peru						70,000[152]
Jiankang	China	500,000[38]
Jinyang (Taiyuan)	China				100,000[38]		100,000[38]
Kannauj	India			230,000	250,000	250,000	230,000[67]	200,000[67]
Kanchi	India	56,000[67]		70,000[67]			51,000[67]
Kyoto	Japan					200,000[153]	100,000–200,000[67][38]	200,000[38][56]
Laon	France							28,000[154]
Lhasa	China						100,000[38][67]
London	UK						10,000–12,000
Luoyang	China	200,000[67]–500,000[38]	500,000[38]	200,000[67]	500,000[38]		300,000[67]–400,000[38]	150,000[67]–200,000[38]
Lyon	France						12,000[155]
Madurai	India			70,000[67]			70,000[67]
Mainz	Germany						20,000[147]	30,000[147]
Mandsaur	India	63,000[67]
Manyakheta	India							100,000[67]–200,000[156]
Metz	France						25,000[157]	14,000[157]
Milan	Italy	30,000					25,000[158]	30,000 (875)[159]
Naples	Italy					30,000[159]	30,000[159]	30,000[159]
Nanjing	China	150,000[67]–500,000[38]
Nara	Japan						100,000[38]
Orléans	France						10,000[144]
Padua	Italy						15,000[144]
Paris	France						10,000–30,000[56]	20,000
Patna / Pataliputra	India	500,000	300,000		100,000		74,000[67]
Pavia	Italy						15,000–20,000[56]
Poitiers	France		5,000–9,000[56]	5,000–9,000[56]	5,000–9,000[56]	10,000[56]	10,000[56]
Preslav	Bulgaria							40,000–60,000[68]
Prambanan	Indonesia						60,000[67]	62,000[67]
Provins	France						10,000
Pyay	Myanmar	73,000[67]		100,000[67]
Pliska	Bulgaria						34,000[160]
Ray	Iran			68,000[67]
Regensburg	Germany						25,000[147]	25,000
Reims	France						20,000[56]
Rennes	France						10,000
Rome	Italy	100,000	50,000[161]–90,000[162]	50,000[161]	50,000[161]	50,000[161]	50,000[163][56]	20,000–30,000[161]
Rouen	France						10,000
Seville	Spain	20,000	40,000		35,000		35,000	40,000–52,000[68]
Sialkot	Pakistan	85,000[67]
Speyer	Germany						20,000
Suzhou	China	70,000[67]	120,000[38]		100,000[38]		84,000[67]–100,000[38]	81,000[67]–100,000[38]
Teotihuacán	Mexico	125,000[67][140]		60,000[67]
Thessaloniki	Greece	100,000	40,000		40,000		50,000	50,000[68]
Tikal	Guatemala	45,000[67]					40,000[67]
Toledo	Spain						25,000	28,000
Toulouse	France						10,000[56]
Tours	France				17,000[56]		20,000[56]
Tula	Mexico						41,000[67]	50,000[67]
Trier	Germany					10,000[56]	15,000[56]	15,000–25,000[147]
Venice	Italy							37,000[56]
Verona	Italy						30,000[56]	25,000
Worms	Germany						10,000
Wuchang	China		100,000[38]				84,000[67]
Ye	China	200,000[38]

Later Middle Ages: 1000–1399

City	Location	1000	1100	1150	1200	1250	1300	1350
Angkor	Cambodia	200,000[67] 400,000[143]	125,000[67] 550,000[143]	140,000[67] 600,000[143]	150,000[67] 650,000[143]	650,000[143]
Amalfi	Italy	35,000[164]–80,000[68]					10,000–15,000[56]
Ani	Turkey	100,000[165]–200,000[166]
Anhilpur	India	100,000[67]	100,000[67]	135,000[67]
Antioch	Turkey			40,000	40,000
L'Aquila	Italy						40,000
Bagan	Myanmar		100,000[67]	150,000[67]	180,000[67]	180,000[67]
Baghdad	Iraq	125,000[56]	150,000[67]		250,000[3]	150,000[56]
Beijing	China				130,000[67]	140,000[67]	401,000[67]	400,000[67]
Berlin	Germany				2,400	1,200–2,000	4,000–7,000
Bologna	Italy					50,000	50,000	23,000
Braunschweig	Germany	10,000[147]			21,000[56]
Bruges	Belgium	12,000[147]	15,000[56]		25,000[56]	36,000[56]	50,000[56]
Cahokia	Illinois, USA		10,200–15,300[167]	25,000[168]	20,000–30,000[169]
Cairo	Egypt	135,000[67]	150,000[67]	175,000[67]	200,000[67]–250,000[3]	300,000[67]	400,000[3][67]	350,000[67]
Chang'an / Xi'an	China						118,000[67]	114,000[67]
Chartres	France				7,000
Chunar	India	66,000[67]
Cologne	Germany	21,000[170]	25,000–35,000[56]		32,000–60,000[171]	52,000–60,000[170]	40,000–60,000[121][122][171]	57,000 (1333)[170]
Constantinople	Turkey	150,000[3]	200,000[67]–250,000[3]	200,000[67]	150,000[67]–250,000[3]	100,000[172]	150,000[172]	80,000[172]
Córdoba	Spain	110,000[148][3]	60,000 (1103)[173]	60,000[173]	60,000[173]		40,000[173]
Cuttack	India					100,000[67]	90,000[67]	90,000[67]
Dali	China	90,000[67] 100,000[38]	100,000[67]
Delhi	India		10,000[174]		60,000[174]	80,000[67]	100,000[67][174]	125,000[174]
Dhar	India		80,000[67]
Dwarasamudra	India	30,000				120,000	150,000
Edessa	Turkey		25,000
Erfurt	Germany	10,000[147]			21,000[56]		32,000[56]
Fanyang (Youzhou)	China	100,000[38]
Fes	Morocco	75,000[56]	125,000[67]	160,000[67]	200,000[67]–250,000[56]	200,000[67]	150,000[67]–200,000[56]	125,000[67]
Florence	Italy	13,000	20,000		30,000	50,000–110,000[175]	60,000–120,000[56][176]	40,000
Gangaikonda Cholapuram	India	200,000	300,000	300,000	250,000	150,000
Gaur	India				60,000[67]	90,000[67]	100,000[67]
Genoa	Italy	15,000[56]–80,000[175]			30,000[56]	100,000[177]	100,000[56]
Ghent	Belgium	8,000[147]	12,000[56]		25,000[56]	65,000[178]	42,000[56]–65,000	57,000[56]
Guangzhou	China					140,000[67]	150,000[67]	150,000[67]
Hangzhou	China	80,000[67]	90,000[67]	145,000[67]–800,000[3]	255,000[67]–1,000,000[3]	320,000[67]–1,000,000[38]	432,000[67]–800,000[3]	432,000[67]
Ile-Ife	Nigeria							75,000–105,000[179]
Jinzhou	China	85,000[67]
Kaifeng	China	400,000[38][56]–1,000,000[3]	442,000[67]–1,000,000[3]	150,000[67]		1,000,000[38]
Kalburgi	India							70,000[67]
Kalyan	India		150,000[67]	125,000[67]
Kannauj	India	72,000[67]	80,000[67]	92,000[67]
Khajuraho (Kalinjar)	India	100,000[56]			50,000[67]
Khambhat	India				50,000[67]	60,000[67]
Kyiv	Ukraine	45,000[56]	48,000[56]–100,000[164]		36,000–50,000[56]
Kollam	India							60,000[67]
Kyoto	Japan	175,000[38]–300,000[56]
Laon	France	25,000[154]
London[180]	UK	20,000–25,000	10,000–20,000		20,000–30,000		80,000–100,000[181]	25,000–50,000
Lübeck	Germany				6,000			18,800
Madurai	India						60,000[67]
Mainz	Germany	30,000[56]	30,000[56]	25,000[56]	25,000[56]	25,000[56]	24,000[56]
Manyakheta	India	71,000[67]
Marrakech	Morocco		150,000[67]	150,000[67]	150,000[67]	125,000[67]
Marseille	France	6,000–7,000[56]			25,000[56]		40,000[56]
Merv	Turkmenistan			200,000[67]	70,000[56]
Metz	France	16,000	21,000[56]		23,000–27,000[56]		32,000[56]
Milan	Italy	15,000[161]	45,000	58,000 (1170)[56]	60,000[56]–100,000[161]	150,000	150,000–200,000[181][161][182][183]	50,000–200,000[175][182][183][128]
Montpellier	France						40,000–50,000[181]
Nabadwip	India			85,000[67]
Nanjing	China			130,000[67]	130,000[67]	130,000[67]	95,000[67]
Naples	Italy	30,000[56]	30,000[56]	30,000[56]	30,000[56]	30,000–36,000 (1278)[56]	40,000[56]–100,000	60,000 (1340)[56]
Nishapur	Iran	125,000[67]
Norwich	UK						20,000–25,000
Padua	Italy			15,000[181]			35,000[181]
Palermo	Italy	60,000[148]–75,000		150,000	150,000[67]	50,000 (1277)[56]	40,000[56]–100,000[181]
Paris	France	20,000[184]	50,000–65,000[185][186][187][188]		110,000[184]	160,000[67]	200,000–270,000 (1328)[189]	215,000[67]
Polonnaruwa	Sri Lanka				75,000[67]
Prague	Czech Republic	10,000[147]			22,000[56]		40,000[56]	50,000[56]
Puri	India			78,000[67]	72,000[67]
Ramavati			75,000[67]
Regensburg	Germany	40,000[147][164]	30,000
Rome	Italy	35,000[56][164]	30,000–40,000[161]	30,000–40,000[161]	40,000[161]		40,000–50,000[161]	15,000[190]–17,000[56]
Rouen	France	20,000[56]	20,000[56]		30,000–40,000[56]	50,000[56]	40,000–50,000[56][181]
Salerno	Italy	50,000[191]	50,000[56]	50,000			10,000 (1320)[56]
Sarai	Russia							120,000[67]
Seville	Spain	52,000					40,000–50,000[181]
Shangjing	China	140,000[38]
Speyer	Germany	25,000	30,000[56]	30,000[56]	30,000[56]	30,000[56]	25,000[56]
Suzhou	China	100,000[38]						96,000[67]
Tabriz	Iran						125,000[67]	100,000[67]
Thanjavur	India	200,000[67]	250,000	200,000
Thăng Long/Hanoi	Vietnam		30,000[150]				40,000[150]
Thessaloniki	Greece	40,000[56]	40,000[56]	40,000[56]	30,000[56]		50,000[56]–100,000[192]	50,000–150,000[164][193]
Toledo	Spain	37,000			35,000		42,000
Toulouse	France						35,000
Trier	Germany	20,000[147]	20,000[56]	20,000[56]	25,000[56]
Venice	Italy	45,000–60,000[127][194][195][196]	58,000	64,000–70,000[56]	70,000–80,000[182][56]	45,000[177]	100,000–120,000[67][182]	65,228 (1363)
Veliky Novgorod	Russia	10,000–18,000			20,000–40,000		50,000[197][198]
Verona	Italy	10,000			20,000–25,000	20,000–25,000	35,000–40,000
Vijayanagar	India							200,000
Warangal	India					63,000[67]	80,000[67]
Worms	Germany	20,000[147]			28,000[56]	25,000[56]	20,000[56]
York	UK		8,000[181]				23,000[181]
Ypres	Belgium					40,000–200,000[199]	30,000[56]

Renaissance: 1400–1599

City	1400	1450	1500	1550	1575
Aachen			15,000[200]
Adrianople / Edirne	28,000[56]	85,000[56]	125,000[56]	160,000[56]	183,000[56]
Agra				250,000	500,000
Ahmedabad		70,000[56]	80,000[56]–100,000[67]	140,000[67]–175,000[56]	300,000
Ahmednagar				70,000[67]
Alessandria				8,000[201]
Antwerp	18,000 (1374)	20,000 (1444)	40,000[200]	90,000[200]	104,984 (1568)[56][67]
Asti				8,000[201]
Augsburg	14,000 (1408)[202]	17,000 (1471)[202]	20,000[200]	45,000[200]
Ayutthaya			150,000[203]	150,000[203]	10,000 (1569)[203]
Bago				150,000[67]	175,000[67]
Beijing	150,000[67]	600,000[67]	672,000[67]	690,000[67]	706,000[67]
Bologna	40,000[204]		55,000[201]	61,731 (1569)[204][201]	72,395 (1588)[204]
Brescia	27,000[204]	30,000 (1440)[204]	49,000[201]	41,000[201]
Bursa	95,000[56]	130,000[67]
Bruges	37,000[182]	25,000	30,000[200]	35,000[200]	29,000 (1584)[205]
Cairo	125,000–360,000[3][67]	380,000[67]	400,000[3][56]	360,000[67]	275,000[67]
Chan Chan		60,000–100,000[206]			5,000–10,000[207]
Chang'an / Xi'an	150,000[56]	150,000[56]	127,000[67]	150,000[56]
Cologne	40,000[56]		30,000[200]	35,000[200]	37,000[56]
Como			10,000[201]	10,000[201]
Constantinople / Istanbul	75,000[56]	40,000–50,000[193]	200,000[56]	660,000[67]	680,000[67]
Crema				11,000[201]
Cremona	35,000[208]		40,000[201]	34,000[201]
Cuneo				6,000[201]
Cuttack	75,000[67]	100,000[67]	140,000[67]	90,000[67]
Cusco			45,000[209]
Delhi			80,000[67]–100,000[174]	160,000[174]	160,000[174]
Fes	125,000[67]	150,000[56]	130,000[67]
Florence	45,000–61,000[56][175][210]	54,000 (1470)[56]	55,000–70,000[191][175][211]	59,216 (1562)[56]
Fossano				9,000[201]
Gao			60,000[67]
Gaur		150,000[67]	200,000[67]
Ghent	70,000[56]		40,000[200]	50,000[200]
Genoa	80,000–100,000[175][176]	120,000 (1460)[56]	60,000[201]	65,000[201]
Granada	100,000[56]	165,000[67]	70,000[191][56]
Guangzhou	150,000[67]	175,000[67]	150,000[67]	160,000[67]	170,000[67]
Gwalior				80,000[67]
Hangzhou	235,000[67]	250,000[67]	250,000[56]	260,000[67]	260,000[67]
Hanoi			50,000[150]
Jaunpur		100,000[67]
Kalburgi	90,000[67]
Kano			50,000[67]
Khambhat	60,000[67]
Kollam	60,000[67]
Lodi				9,000[201]
London[180]	45,000[56]	75,000[56]	40,000[212]	80,000[212]
Lyon	20,000–35,000[56]	60,000[56]	50,000[213]	70,000[213]
Lübeck	17,200	21,568	25,444	22,452
Magdeburg	20,000[56]	24,000[56]	18,000[214]	40,000[56]
Mandu		70,000[67]
Mantua			28,000[201]	38,000[201]
Milan	125,000[177][182]	110,000[56]	100,000[201]	69,000[201]	115,000 (1574)
Modena			18,000[201]	16,000[201]
Nanjing	487,000[67]	150,000[67]	157,000[67]	182,000[67]	188,000[67]
Naples	40,000–100,000[56][176]	60,000 (1435)[56]	125,000[215]–150,000[216]	212,000[216]	215,000[67]
Novara				7,000[201]
Nuremberg	18,000[56]	25,982 (1449)[56]	36,000[214]	40,000[214]
Oyo-Ile		150,000	60,000[67]
Padua			27,000[201]	32,000[201]
Paris	100,000 (1422)[217]	150,000[67]	100,000[213]	130,000[213]	220,000[67]
Parma			19,000[201]	25,000[201]
Pavia			16,000[201]	13,000[201]
Piacenza				27,000[201]
Prague	40,000		30,000
Rome	33,000[218]	33,500 (1458)[218]	38,000[218]–55,000[216]	45,000[216]	80,000 (1580)
Rouen			40,000[213]	65,000[213]
Samarkand	130,000[67]
Seoul	100,000[56]	125,000[67]	150,000[56]		125,000[56]
Seville	15,000 (1384)[219]		60,000[219]	65,000	109,000 (1565)[219]
Suzhou	129,000[67]
Tabriz	150,000[67]	200,000[67]	250,000[67]
Tenochtitlan/Mexico City			200,000-400,000[220][221][222]	60,000[56]
Texcoco			60,000[67]
Venice	85,000–200,000[175][176]	150,000 (1423)[182]	100,000[201]	158,000[201]	134,871 (1581)
Verona	14,800		38,000[201]	52,000[201]
Vijayanagar	400,000[67]	550,000[67]	500,000[223] - 1,000,000[224]

Early Modern era

City	1600	1650	1700	1750	1800	1825	1850	1875
Aachen	14,171 (1601)	12,000[200]	15,000[200]		24,000[200]	35,428	56,190 (1849)[202]	79,606
Adrianople/Edirne	160,000[56]	132,000[56]	93,000[56]	96,000[56]	100,000[56]	125,000[56]	85,000[56]
Alexandria			15,000 (1693)	6,000 (1777)	4,000 (1798)	12,528 (1828)	138,000	212,000[225]
Antwerp	47,000[200]	70,000[200]	70,000[200]	46,000[200]	60,000[200]		88,000[226]	127,000[226]
Agra	500,000[56]	660,000[56]			60,000[56]		108,000[56]	149,008 (1872)[227]
Ahmedabad	300,000[56]	380,000[56]	400,000[67]	120,000[56]	89,000[56]	87,000 (1824)	94,390 (1846)	116,873 (1872)[227]
Amsterdam	59,551[228]	176,873[228]	235,224	233,952[67]	203,485	197,231 (1820)	223,700[226]	289,000[225]
Augsburg	48,000[200]	21,000[200]	21,000[200]	31,000[202]	28,000[200]		35,000[202]	57,210
Ayutthaya	100,000[203]	125,000[229]	150,000[203]	150,000[203]			30,000[203]
Baltimore					26,514	80,620 (1830)	169,054	299,000[225]
Barcelona	64,000	64,000	73,000	70,000	120,000	120,000	167,000	240,000[225]
Beijing	706,000[56]	470,000[67]	650,000[56]	900,000[67]	1,100,000[38][56]	1,350,000[67]	1,648,000[67]	1,310,000[56]
Berlin	25,000[200]	12,000[200]	55,000[200]	113,289[230]	172,132[230]	220,277	446,000	1,045,000[225]
Birmingham	2,000[212]	4,000[212]	7,000[212]	23,688[231]	73,670 (1801)[231]	122,000	294,000	480,000[225]
Bombay				100,000		163,000 (1826)		718,000[225]
Bordeaux	40,000[232]	40,000[232]	50,000[232]	67,000[232]	88,000[232]		142,000[233]	225,000[225]
Boston			6,700	20,000	35,248	61,392 (1830)	202,261	450,000[225]
Breslau (Wrocław)	33,000–40,000[56][234]	37,000[56]	40,000[56]	52,000[56]	64,520[56]	89,500 (1831)	114,000[56]	239,050[56]
Bristol	10,549[235]	15,000-20,000[235]	25,000[235]	43,275[236]	62,452[236]	94,180[236]	137,528[236]	206,874 (1881)[236]
Brussels	55,000[56]	70,000[56]	70,000[56]	55,000[56]–60,000[226]	66,297[56][226]		208,000[56]–251,000[226]	327,000[225]
Bucharest	60,000[237]		50,000[237]	25,000[237]	34,000[237]		104,000[237]	177,646 (1878)[238]
Budapest	25,000[239]			24,000[239]	54,000[239]		156,506[239]	325,000[225]
Cairo	200,000[67]	350,000[240]	350,000[240]	300,000[240]	210,960	257,783	267,160	345,028
Calcutta				200,000		230,000 (1822)		680,000[225]
Chicago						100 (1830)	29,963	405,000[225]
Cologne	40,000[200]	45,000[200]	42,000[200]	43,000[200][226]	42,000[200]	59,049	94,781 (1849)[226]	135,371
Copenhagen	40,000[56]	29,000	62,000[56]	93,000[226]	101,000[226]	108,000[56]	150,000	241,000[225]
Danzig	50,000[214]	70,000[214]	50,000[214]	46,000[214]	40,000[214]	61,900	65,000[56]	90,500 (1874)
Delhi		200,000[174]	500,000[174]	100,000[174]	125,000[174]	150,000[174]	156,000[174]	154,417 (1872)[241]
Dhaka	200,000[56]	200,000[56]	200,000[56]	135,000[56]	110,000[56]	66,989 (1830)[56]	60,617[56]	51,536 (1869)[56]
Dresden	14,793 (1603)	16,000 (1648)	21,298 (1699)	63,209 (1755)	61,794	61,886 (1830)	94,092 (1849)	197,295[225]
Dublin	5,000[242]	17,000[242]	60,000[242]–80,000[243]	90,000[242]–128,570 (1753)[243]	167,899 (1802)[242]	194,000[244]	263,000[245]	310,000[225]
Edinburgh			35,000	55,000	82,000	145,000	194,000	274,000[225]
Edo (Tokyo)	60,000[67]	430,000	688,000[67]	509,000[56]	685,000[67]	530,000[56]	567,000[56]	780,000[225]
Esfahān	125,000[56]	350,000[67]	350,000[67]	60,000[56]	50,000[56]		60,000[56]	76,088 (1870)
Genoa	71,000[201]	90,000[201]	80,000[201]	87,000[201]	91,000[201]	83,569 (1822)	100,696	130,269 (1872)
Glasgow[246]	7,000	14,000	14,000	23,500[226]	77,000[226]	170,000	346,000	635,000[225]
Guangzhou	180,000[67]	200,000[67]	200,000[67]	400,000[67]	800,000[67]	900,000[67]	875,000[67]	944,000[56]
Hangzhou	270,000[67]	281,000[67]	303,000[67]	340,000[67]	387,000[67]	410,000[67]	700,000[56]	50,000 (1864)
Hanoi	40,000[150]	100,000[247]	100,000[247]		75,000[247]	81,000[247]	51,000[150]	255,000[248]
Huế						60,000[150]		50,325[150]
Ho Chi Minh City/Saigon		24,000				50,000[150]	50,000[150]	180,661 (1902)[249]
Hyderabad	80,000[250]	90,000[229]	200,000[250]	225,000[250]	200,000[250]	200,000[250]	200,000[250]	350,000[250]
Iași (Jassy)				20,000[237]	20,000[237]		50,000[237]	72,000 (1877)[251]
Constantinople/Istanbul	400,000–700,000[3][67]	700,000[67]	600,000–700,000[3][67]	625,000[67]	570,000[67]	675,000[67]	785,000[67]	827,750 (1874)
Hamburg	40,000[234]	75,000	70,000[56]	75,000–90,000[252][56]	130,000[252]	124,838 (1830)	193,000[56]	348,000[225]
Kagoshima		50,000	51,000[56]	57,000[56]	67,000[67]	72,350[56]	72,000[56]	89,374 (1873)
Kanazawa	50,000[56]	55,106[56]	67,000[67]	78,000[56]	97,000[56]	103,000[56]	116,000[56]	109,685 (1873)
Kyoto	300,000[67]	350,000[253]	350,000[254][67]	362,000[245]	377,000[255]	350,000[244]	323,000[245]	238,663 (1873)[256]
Königsberg		40,000 (1663)	40,600 (1708)	60,000[212]	59,000[212]	67,125	79,887 (1852)	122,636
Lahore	350,000[56]	200,000[56]					94,000[56]	99,000 (1872)[256]
Leipzig	20,000	14,000 (1648)	15,653 (1699)	35,000	32,146	41,506	62,374 (1849)	209,000[225]
Lisbon	110,000[56]	165,000 (1639)[56]	188,000[56]	148,000–213,000[252][56]	180,000–237,000[252][56]	249,000[56]	240,000–259,000[252][56]	235,000 (1870)[252]
Liverpool			5,714	22,000[252]	77,653 (1801)[252]	170,000[56]	375,955 (1851)[257]	650,000[225]
London	200,000[212]	400,000[212]	575,000[212]	675,000[212]	865,000[212]	1,335,000[67]	2,320,000[67]	4,241,000[67]
Lyon	40,000[213]	75,000[213]	97,000[213]	114,000[252]	102,167 (1793)	115,841 (1820)	254,000	331,000[225]
Lübeck	22,570	31,068	19,978	17,644	24,631	25,600	26,098	44,799
Madras		15,000		55,000	125,000	172,000	310,000	400,000[225]
Madrid	49,000[258]	130,000[258]	110,000[258]	109,000[252][258]	167,000[258]	181,400 (1826)[56]	263,000[252][56]	407,000[225]
Manchester		5,000[212]	9,000[212]	18,000[212]	70,000[212]	155,000	412,000	590,000[225]
Marseille	40,000[213]	66,000[213]	75,000[213]	68,000[213][252]	78,000[213]	119,000[56]	193,000[56]	316,000[225]
Mexico City	75,000[56]	90,000[56]	100,000[56]	110,000[56]	128,000[56]	176,000[56]	170,000[257][56]	250,000[56]
Milan[177]	120,000[201]	100,000[201]	124,000[201]	123,618[56][252][201]	134,528[56][201]	168,000[56]	193,000[56]	277,000[225]
Moscow	80,000[56]	200,000 (1638)	130,000[56]	130,000–161,000[252][56]	238,000[56]	241,500	373,800[257]	601,969 (1871)
Munich	20,000[214]	10,000[214]	21,000[214]	32,000[214][252]	34,000[214]	62,290	96,398	198,000[225]
Nagoya	65,000[56]		65,000[67]	96,000[56]	92,000[67]		116,000	125,193 (1873)[256]
Nanjing	194,000[67]	178,000[67]	300,000[56]	285,000[56]	220,000[56]	200,000[56]	300,000[56]
Naples	400,000[216]	176,000[216]	216,000[216]	305,000[216]	427,000[216]	350,000[67]	413,000[257]–416,000[56]	450,000[225]
New Orleans					8,056	46,082 (1830)	116,375	210,000[225]
New York City			4,436 (1703)	13,296 (1749)	63,000	170,000	682,000	1,900,000[67]
Nuremberg	40,000[214]	25,000[214]	40,000[214]	30,000[214][252]	27,000[214][252]		54,000[252]	91,017
Osaka	200,000–360,000[67]	220,000	350,000–380,000[67][259][260]	400,000 (1749)	383,000–500,000 (1783)[56][259]	340,000[56]	300,000	320,000[225]
Palermo	105,000[261][216]	128,000[229]	100,000[216]	118,000[216]	139,000[216]	168,000[244]	182,000[245]	219,000[225]
Paris	220,000[213]	430,000[213]	510,000[213]	576,000[213]	581,000[213]	855,000[67]	1,314,000[67]	2,250,000[67]
Philadelphia			4,400	14,563 (1753)	68,200	138,000	426,221	791,000[225]
Prague	60,000	25,000	39,000[262]	58,000[263][262]	77,403[56][263][262]	98,000	117,000[263]	223,371 (1869)
Rio de Janeiro			20,000	29,000	44,000		166,419	274,000[225]
Rome	105,000[216]	124,000[216]	138,000[216]	156,000[216]	163,000[216]	138,000	170,000	252,000[225]
Rouen	60,000[213]	82,000[213]	64,000[213]	67,000[213]	81,000[213]	92,083 (1836)	104,142 (1851)[264]	104,902 (1876)
Saint Petersburg				138,000[265]	220,200[265]	438,000[67]	502,000[265]	764,000[225]
Seoul		150,000[67]	158,000[67]	187,000[67]	190,000[56]	192,000[56]	194,000[56]
Seville	121,000 (1597)[219]	65,000[258]	96,000[258]	66,000[258][263]	96,000[258]	75,000 (1820)	106,000[263]	133,247 (1877)
Shanghai			45,000	60,000	100,000	115,000	250,000	400,000[225]
Sunpu	100,000[67]							31,555 (1873)[266]
St. Louis					925 (1799)	4,977 (1830)	77,860	338,000[225]
Suzhou	175,000[56]	145,000[56]	245,000[56]	302,000[56]	243,000[67]	302,000[67]	550,000[56]	250,000[56]
Turin	24,000[201]	37,000[201]	42,000[201]	57,000[201]	82,000[201]	109,000[244]	138,000[245]	216,000[225]
Warsaw	35,000[267]		21,000[267]	28,000[267]	75,000[267]	124,000[244]	163,000[267]	311,000[225]
Venice[177]	139,000[201]	120,000[201]	138,000[201]	149,000[201]	138,000[201]	109,927	106,000[263]	129,676
Vienna[268][269]	50,000[262]	60,000[262]	114,000[262]	175,400[262]	231,000[262]	401,200	551,300	1,020,770
Xi'an	138,000[67]	147,000[56]	167,000[67]	195,000[67]	224,000[67]	259,000[67]	275,000[56]	250,000[56]
Yamaguchi	80,000[67]

See also

• List of largest cities throughout history (7000 BC – AD 2000)
• List of largest cities, present day
• Estimates of historical world population

Notes

1. Dobrovody and Maydanets Suggested to be housing up to 10,000 people in Modelski's text (pp. 24–25), The estimate is based on the author's personal communication with Mikhail Videiko, Institute of Archaeology, Kyiv, October 2002 (p. 75). The previous estimates by S. I. Kruts for Maydanets and Talianki are 8,000 (1,575 housed within 270 ha) and 14,000 (2,700 houses within 450 ha), respectively (Pitskhelauri, K. N., and Chernykh, E. N. Eds., Kavkaz v sisteme paleometallicheskikh kultur Evrazii, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1989, pp. 146–156.).^{[full citation needed]}
2. Modelski's list of the world's largest cities treats Thebes and Haojing as the top cities with 100,000 inhabitants (p. 218), though the same list on the next page (p. 219) as well as Table 2 (c) place the population of Thebes at 120,000, while that for Haojing as well as Memphis and Babylon at 100,000 (pp. 33-34).^{[full citation needed]}
3. Chandler listed Thebes, Haoqing, and Chengzhou (Luoyang) as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd largest cities (p. 460), though Luoyang is supposed to pass 100,000 in 1000 B.C. (p. 541).^{[full citation needed]}
4. When the city first passed 100,000, suggested by Richard Forstall (pp. 541-542).^{[full citation needed]}
5. Haoqing, the capital of Western Zhou, was located 15 km SW of Chang'an, the capital of Sung and Tang dynasties as well as the present center of Xi'an. Han capital was located 5 km NW of the center of modern Xi'an. All these sites are now within the sub-provincial city of Xi'an.

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References

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Further reading

• Connolly, Peter; Dodge, Hazel (1998). The Ancient City: Life in Classical Athens and Rome. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-521409-9.
• Smith, Michael E. (2005). "City Size in Late Post-Classic Mesoamerica" (PDF). Journal of Urban History. 31 (4): 403–434. doi:10.1177/0096144204274396. S2CID 145452272.

External links

• Interactive Map: Urban Growth (BBC, covering 1955–2015)
• Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades