Gagasan Rakyat

Not to be confused with Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah.

The Gagasan Rakyat (GR or People's Might) was an opposition Malaysian political coalition. The now defunct political coalition was founded by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's formation of Parti Melayu Semangat 46 (S46 or Semangat 46) after leaving United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) that was declared illegal.^[1] The coalition consisted Semangat 46, Democratic Action Party (DAP), United Sabah Party (PBS), Malaysian People's Party (PRM), Indian Progressive Front (IPF) and Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP) as the coalition components. It were also joined by three other component members from its allied opposition Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) coalition also led by Razaleigh consisting of himself Razaleigh's Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA), Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) and Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA). On 25 January 1995, DAP withdrew from the coalition while retaining its relations with Gagasan component parties.^[2]

People's Might Gagasan Rakyat
Founded	1990
Dissolved	1996
Preceded by	Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)
Succeeded by	Barisan Alternatif (BA)
Headquarters	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (DAP), (S46) & (KIMMA) Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (PBS) Batu Caves, Malaysia (PRM) Seri Kembangan, Malaysia (IPF) Kota Bharu, Malaysia (HAMIM)
Membership	Democratic Action Party United Sabah Party Malaysian People's Party Indian Progressive Front Malaysian Solidarity Party Semangat 46 Muslim People's Party of Malaysia Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress
Ideology	Reformism
Politics of Malaysia Political parties Elections

Both the Gagasan Rakyat and Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah opposition coalitions under the leadership of Razaleigh were defeated in the 1990 and 1995 general elections, and were subsequently dissolved in 1996 after Razaleigh decided to disband Semangat 46 to rejoin the UMNO.^[3]

Not to be confused with Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (also abbreviated Gagasan Rakyat), a different party that was established in 2013 with 20 other parties registered under Societies Act 1966 (Malaysia).

Component parties

• Spirit of 46 Malay Party (Parti Melayu Semangat 46)
• Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik)
• Parti Bersatu Sabah (United Sabah Party)^[4]
• Malaysian People's Party (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)
• Indian Progressive Front (Barisan Progresif India)
• Malaysian Solidarity Party (Parti Solidariti Malaysia)

Three others also allied members of the Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah at the same time.

• Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia)
• Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (Kongres India Muslim Malaysia)

Elected representatives

• Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 8th Malaysian Parliament
• Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1990–95)
• Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 9th Malaysian Parliament
• Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1995–99)

General election results

Election	Total seats won	Total votes	Share of votes	Outcome of election	Election leader
1990	34 / 180	1,113,488	19.4%	2, Opposition coalition	Lim Kit Siang Joseph Pairin Kitingan
1995	17 / 219	910,769	15.3%	17, Opposition coalition	Lim Kit Siang Joseph Pairin Kitingan
Included only Democratic Action Party and United Sabah Party

State election results

State election	State Legislative Assembly
	Perlis State Legislative Assembly	Kedah State Legislative Assembly	Kelantan State Legislative Assembly	Terengganu State Legislative Assembly	Penang State Legislative Assembly	Perak State Legislative Assembly	Pahang State Legislative Assembly	Selangor State Legislative Assembly	Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly	Malacca State Legislative Assembly	Johor State Legislative Assembly	Sabah State Legislative Assembly	Total won / Total contested
1990	0 / 14	1 / 28	0 / 39	0 / 32	14 / 33	13 / 46	1 / 33	6 / 42	4 / 28	3 / 20	3 / 36	36 / 48
1994												25 / 48
1995	0 / 15	0 / 36	0 / 43	0 / 32	1 / 33	1 / 52	1 / 38	3 / 48	2 / 32	3 / 25	0 / 40

References

1. Wong Chin Huat (17 August 2007). "Splits in Umno and Opposition unity". The Sun. Retrieved 29 September 2021 – via Malaysian Bar.
2. "DAP CEC decides that the party withdraws from Gagasan Rakyat " Pursuit of a Malaysian Dream". 25 January 1994.
3. "S46-Dissolve: Parti Melayu Semangat '46 To Be Dissolved On Oct 6" (PDF). Bernama. 18 August 1996 – via Perdana Leadership Foundation Library.
4. "The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Sabah, East Malaysia: An Overview 1990-1994 International" (PDF). Hamdan Aziz (Ph.D) & Syahrin Said, Department of Nationhood and Civilization Studies, Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 12. 2017. ISSN 2222-6990. Retrieved 25 September 2021 – via HR Mars.