Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah

The Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU or Muslims Unity Movement) was an informal Malaysian political coalition. The now defunct political coalition was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's formation of Parti Melayu Semangat 46 (S46 or Semangat 46) after leaving United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) that was declared illegal.^[1] jointly with Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA), Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) and Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA) before 9th Malaysian General Election in 1990.^[2] KIMMA left the coalition before the 10th Malaysian General Election.

Muslims Unity Movement Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah
Malay name	Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah
Jawi name	اڠکتن ڤرڤادوان اومة
Leader	Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah
Founded	1990
Dissolved	1996
Preceded by	Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF) (1957-1969) Harakah Keadilan Rakyat (HAK) (1986-1990)
Succeeded by	Barisan Alternatif (BA)
Headquarters	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (PAS), (S46)& (KIMMA) Pasir Mas, Malaysia (BERJASA) Kota Bharu, Malaysia (HAMIM)
Membership (1998)	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) Semangat 46 (S46) Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA) Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)
Ideology	Islamism
Political position	Right wing to Far-right
International affiliation	-
Colors	Yellow, green
Website
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Politics of Malaysia Political parties Elections -

APU along with the Gagasan Rakyat opposition coalitions led by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah after failures in the 1990 and 1995 general elections. After the 1995 election, relationship between PAS and Semangat 46 detotriated due to lack of respect of PAS towards Semangat 46 and differing views on Kelantan state leadership. On 5 May 1996, Razaleigh announced the union no longer exist^[3] and were subsequently formally disbanded in October after Razaleigh decided to dissolve Semangat 46 to return and rejoin back UMNO.^[4]

Component parties

• Spirit of 46 Malay Party (Parti Melayu Semangat 46, S46)
• Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia, BERJASA)
• Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia, HAMIM)
• Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (Kongres India Muslim Malaysia, KIMMA)

List of leaders

Chairmen

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office		Time in office	Political party
1	Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah[5] (b.1937)		1 February 1990[6]	5 May 1996	5 years, 93 days	Semangat 46

Elected representatives

• Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 8th Malaysian Parliament
• Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1990–95)
• Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 9th Malaysian Parliament
• Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1995–99)

General election results

Election	Total seats won	Seats contested	Total votes	Share of votes	Outcome of election	Election leader
1990	15 / 180	159	1,218,211	21.8%	14 seats; Opposition coalition	Fadzil Noor
1995	8 / 192	171	1,046,687	17.6%	2 seats; Opposition coalition	Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah

State election results

State election	State Legislative Assembly
	Perlis State Legislative Assembly	Kedah State Legislative Assembly	Kelantan State Legislative Assembly	Terengganu State Legislative Assembly	Penang State Legislative Assembly	Perak State Legislative Assembly	Pahang State Legislative Assembly	Selangor State Legislative Assembly	Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly	Malacca State Legislative Assembly	Johor State Legislative Assembly	Total won / Total contested
1990	0 / 14	1 / 28	39 / 39	10 / 32	0 / 33	0 / 46	1 / 33	1 / 42	0 / 28	0 / 20	1 / 36
1995	0 / 15	2 / 36	36 / 43	7 / 32	0 / 33	0 / 52	0 / 38	0 / 48	0 / 32	0 / 25	0 / 40

References

1. Wong Chin Huat (17 August 2007). "Splits in Umno and Opposition unity". The Sun. Retrieved 29 September 2021 – via Malaysian Bar.
2. "PAS harap pembangkang ulangi kerjasama Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah, Gagasan Rakyat – The Malaysian Insider". Archived from the original on 4 July 2015.
3. Taib, Harris Iskandar; Ismail, Manisah (5 May 1996). "APU does not exist, declare Razaleigh". New Straits Times. p. 1. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
4. "S46-Dissolve: Parti Melayu Semangat '46 To Be Dissolved On Oct 6" (PDF). Bernama. 18 August 1996 – via Perdana Leadership Foundation Library.
5. "Pas want Razaleigh as Opposition Leader". New Straits Times. 1 June 1995. p. 2. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
6. "Al-Islah: Fadzil being used by APU". New Straits Times. 1 February 1990. p. 5. Retrieved 4 December 2024.