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The two main groups of the participants of World War I were the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. This article contains lists of participants of World War I (in alphabetical order) until the signing of the Treaty of Sèvres (1920).
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Colonies, occupations, protectorates, and territories of the Allies / Entente Powers
Colonies, protectorates, and territories of the Central Powers
Condominiums between the German Realm and Kingdom of Belgium
Neutral countries and non-state actors
Stateless territory
Colonies, condominiums, occupations, protectorates, and territories of the Allies / Entente Powers
Colonies, occupations, protectorates, and territories of the Central Powers
Occupied territory by the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
Neutral colonies, protectorates and territories
Neutral countries and non-state actors
Stateless territory
Allies
Central Powers
Neutral
The Allies were a group of countries that fought the Central Powers. They were (in order of joining): Serbia, the Russian Empire (later the Russian Republic), France, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Portugal, Romania, the United States, Greece, and many others.
List
- Colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
| Party | Active in | Strength | Deaths | Explanation | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Alash Autonomy |
|||||
 Canada
|
since 4 August 1914 | 620,000 | 67,000 killed 173,000 wounded |
[1][2] | |
| since 18 July 1918 | 4,792 | Unknown | [3] | ||
Centro-Caspian Dictatorship
Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly
Commonwealth of Australia
Czechoslovak Republic
Dominion of New Zealand
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Idrisid Emirate of Asir
Empire of Japan (since 23 August 1914)[4]
- Interim Southern Islands
- Japanese concession in Chongqing
- Japanese concession in Hangzhou
- Japanese concession in Hankou
- Japanese concession in Shashi
- Japanese concession in Suzhou
- Japanese concession in Tianjin
- Japanese Korea
Japanese occupied Chinese Eastern Railway- Japanese occupied Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- Japanese occupied Republic of China
- Japanese occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Japanese Taiwan
- Kwantung Leased Territory
- South Manchuria Railway Zone
French Republic
Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë- British and French occupied Togoland Protectorate (since 26 August 1914)[5]
- Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
- Colony of New Caledonia
- Crozet Islands
- French Algeria
- Equatorial Africa
- French concession in Hankou
- French concession in Shamian
- French concession in Tianjin
- French Guiana
- French establishments in India
- French occupied Republic of Alsace-Lorraine
- French occupied German Cameroon
- French occupied German Realm
- French occupied Kingdom of Bulgaria
- French occupied Principality of Albania
- French occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
French protectorate in Morocco
Tunisian Realm- French Somaliland
- French West Africa
- Guadeloupe
- Île Amsterdam
- Île Saint-Paul
- Îles des Saintes
- Indochinese Union
- Kerguelen Islands
- Kunming–Hekou railway
- La Désirade
- Marie-Galante
- Martinique
- Mayotte
New Hebrides Condominium
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration- Réunion
- Saint Barthélemy
- Saint Martin
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon
- Settlements in Oceania
- Shanghai French Concession
General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia
Khedivate of Egypt
Kingdom of Belgium (since 4 August 1914)[6]
- Belgian concession in Tianjin
Belgian Congo (since 15 August 1914)[7]- Belgian occupied East African Territories (since 6 May 1916)[8]
Neutral Moresnet (since 4 August 1914)[9][lower-alpha 1]
Kingdom of Greece
Kingdom of Italy
- Albanian Republic
- Italian concession of Tientsin
- Italian Eritrea
- Italian North Africa
- Italian occupied Islands of the Aegean
- Italian occupied Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
- Italian occupied Principality of Albania
- Italian occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Italian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council
- Italian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
- Italian Somaliland
Majeerteen Sultanate- Sultanate of Hobyo
Kingdom of Montenegro
- Montenegrin occupied Principality of Albania
Kingdom of Nepal
Kingdom of Romania
- Romanian occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
Kingdom of Serbia
- Serbian occupied Principality of Albania
- Serbian occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- National Committee for Silesia
- National Council of the Duchy of Cieszyn
Newfoundland- Polish Liquidation Committee
Portuguese Republic (since 9 March 1916)[12]
Principality of Albania
Principality of Andorra
Provisional All-Russian Government
Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia- Provisional Government of National Defence
- Provisional Government of Siberia
- Provisional Government of Vladivostok
- Provisional Government of the Amur Region
- Provisional Government of the Northern Region
- Provisional Military Dictatorship of Mughan
- Provisional Siberian Government
- Provisional Siberian Government
Republic of Armenia
Republic of China
- Chinese occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Republic of China
Republic of Costa Rica
Republic of Cuba
Republic of Guatemala
Republic of Haiti
Republic of Honduras
Republic of Liberia
Republic of Nicaragua
Republic of Panama
Republic of Zakopane- Provisional Government of the Transbaikal Region
Republic of the United States of Brazil
Rattanakosin Kingdom- Russian Empire
Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
Chinese Eastern Railway- General Government of Galicia and Bukovina
- Grand Principality of Finland
- Russian concession in Hankou
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian occupied German Realm
- Russian occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- Russian occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Russian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
- Special Transcaucasian Committee
- Russian Republic
- Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- Chinese Eastern Railway
- Grand Principality of Finland
- Russian concession in Hankou
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- Russian occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Special Transcaucasian Committee
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs- Supreme Administration of the Northern Region
The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz- Trans Caspian Provisional Government
Union of South Africa
- South African occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- South West Africa
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Transcaucasian occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian occupied Sublime State of Persia
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Transcaucasian occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Ufa Directory
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- Aden Protectorate
- Alawi Sheikhdom
- Aqrabi Sheikhdom
- Bu`si Sheikhdom
Emirate of Beihan
Emirate of Dhala- Dathina Sheikhdom
- Dhubi Sheikhdom
Fadhli Sultanate- Hadrami Sheikhdom
- Hawshabi Sultanate of Musaymir
Kathiri State of Seiyun in Hadhramaut- Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotrat- Mawsata State
- Muflahi Sheikhdom
Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut- Sheikhdom of Shaib
State of Upper Yafa- Subeihi Sultanate
Sultanate of Lahej
Sultanate of Lower Yafa- Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
- Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf- Wahidi Sultanate of Bir Ali
Wahidi Sultanate of Habban
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
- Ascension Island
Bailiwick of Guernsey
Bailiwick of Jersey- Baker Island
- Basutoland
- Bechuanaland Protectorate
Bermuda- British and French occupied Togoland Protectorate
- British concession in Amoy
- British concession in Hankou
- British concession in Jiujiang
- British concession in Shamian
- British concession in Tianjin
- British concession in Zhenjiang
British Cyprus
British Guiana
British Honduras
British Mauritius- British occupied German Cameroon
British occupied German East Africa- British occupied German New Guinea
- British occupied Khedivate of Egypt
- British occupied Kingdom of Bulgaria
- British occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- British occupied Russian Soviet Republic
- British occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- British occupied Sublime State of Persia
British Protectorate of Uganda- British Togoland
British Trinidad and Tobago
British Somaliland Protectorate- British Western Pacific Territories
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Indian Empire
- Aden Protectorate
- Alawi Sheikhdom
- Aqrabi Sheikhdom
- Bu`si Sheikhdom
- Emirate of Beihan
- Emirate of Dhala
- Dathina Sheikhdom
- Dhubi Sheikhdom
- Fadhli Sultanate
- Hadrami Sheikhdom
- Hawshabi Sultanate of Musaymir
- Kathiri State of Seiyun in Hadhramaut
- Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
- Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotrat
- Mawsata State
- Muflahi Sheikhdom
- Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut
- Sheikhdom of Shaib
- State of Upper Yafa
- Subeihi Sultanate
- Sultanate of Lahej
- Sultanate of Lower Yafa
- Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
- Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
- Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf
- Wahidi Sultanate of Bir Ali
- Wahidi Sultanate of Habban
State of Bahrain
Sheikhdom of Kuwait
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
The Trucial States of the Coast of Oman
State of Qatar
Kingdom of Tonga- New Hebrides Condominium
- Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands
- Union Islands
State of Brunei
Ceylon
Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone- Colony of Barbados
Colony of Jamaica
Colony of the Bahamas
Colony of the Gold Coast
Company rule in Rhodesia
Crown Colony of the Island of Malta and its Dependencies
East Africa Protectorate
Falkland Islands
Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands
Federal Colony of the Windward Islands
Federated Malay States
Gambia Colony and Protectorate
Gibraltar- Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Hong Kong- Isle of Man
- Jarvis Island
Kingdom of Sarawak
Nyasaland Protectorate- Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
- Phoenix Islands
Saint Helena
Seychelles- Sheikhdom of Kuwait
State of North Borneo
Straits Settlements- Sultanate of Egypt
Sultanate of the Maldive Islands
Sultanate of Zanzibar- Swaziland Protectorate
- Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands
- Tristan da Cunha
- Unfederated Malay States
- Victoria Land
Weihaiwei
United States of America
- American occupied Republic of Cuba
- American occupied Republic of Haiti
- American occupied Republic of Nicaragua
- American occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Bajo Nuevo Bank
- Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
- Howland Island
- Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
- Johnston Atoll
- Kingman Reef
- Middlebrook Island
- Midway Atoll
- Navassa Island
Panama Canal Zone- Puerto Rico
- Quita Sueño Bank
- Roncador Bank
- Serrana Bank
- Serranilla Bank
- Swan Islands
- Territory of Alaska
- Territory of American Samoa
- Territory of Guam
Territory of Hawaii- United States Virgin Islands
- Wake Island
- Ural Provisional Provincial Government
West Ukrainian People's Republic
- Non-state actors
- Anhui clique
Assyrians- Cornelius Wyk's forces
- Czechoslovak Legions
- Czechoslovak Legions occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Czechoslovak Legions occupied Russian Soviet Republic
- Fengtian clique
Karelian Regiment- Polish Legions
- Polish Legions occupied Russia
- Polish Legions occupied Russian Soviet Republic
- Pontic Greeks
- Ruwallah
- White movement
- Baikal Cossacks
- Chinese Eastern Railway
- Kamchatka
- Sakhalin
- Tuva
- Volunteer Army
- Yunnan clique
- Zhili clique
State actors
Alash Autonomy
Beda Sultanate
Czechoslovak Republic
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa- Empire of Japan[14][13]
- Japanese concession in Tianjin
- Japanese Korea
- Japanese Military
- Japanese-occupied Republic of China
- Japanese occupied German New Guinea
- Japanese-occupied Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- Japanese occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Transbaikal (protectorate)
- Vladivostok Protectorate (protectorate)
- Japanese Taiwan
- Kwantung Leased Territory
South Manchuria Railway Company
- First Costa Rican Republic[14][13]
- French Third Republic[14][13]
- French Colonial Empire
- Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
- Colony of New Caledonia
- French Algeria
- French concession of Hankou
- French Concession of Shamian Island, Guangzhou
- French Concession of Shanghai
- Kunming–Hai Phong French Railway
- Equatorial Africa
- French concession in Tianjin
- French Guiana
- French India
French protectorate in Morocco (protectorate)- French-occupied German Cameroon
French protectorate of Tunisia (protectorate)- French Somaliland
- French West Africa
- Guadeloupe
Indochinese Union
French Protectorate of Cambodia (protectorate)
French Protectorate of Laos (protectorate)- Guangzhouwan
- Nguyễn dynasty (protectorate)
Kingdom of Sanwi (protectorate)- Martinique
- New Hebrides
- Occupation of Constantinople
- Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
- Réunion
- Saint Martin
- Wallis and Futuna
- French Military
- French-occupied Alsace-Lorraine
- French-occupied German Empire
- French-occupied Principality of Albania
- French-occupied RSFSR
- French-occupied Sublime Ottoman State
Memel Territory
- French Colonial Empire
Idrisid Emirate of Asir- Kingdom of Belgium[14][13]
Kingdom of the Hellenes[14][13]
- Kingdom of Italy[14][13]
- Italian Military
- Italian Colonial Empire
- Albanian Republic
- Hobyo Sultanate (protectorate)
- Italian concession of Tientsin (Italian concession in Tianjin)
- Italian Cyrenaica
- Italian Eritrea
- Italian Islands of the Aegean
- Italian Somaliland
- Italian Tripolitania
- Majeerteen Sultanate (protectorate)
- Italian-occupied Austro-Hungarian Empire
- Occupation of Constantinople
Kingdom of Montenegro[14][13]- Kingdom of Romania[14][13]
- Kingdom of Serbia[14][13]
Oriental Republic of Uruguay[13]- Portugese Republic[14][13]
Principality of Albania[13]
Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam)[14][13]- Republic of China (First)[14][13]
- Republic of Guatemala[14]
- Republic of Honduras[14]
- Republic of Liberia
Republic of Peru[15]
Republic of San Marino[13]
Republic of the United States of Brazil[14][13]
Russian Empire[14][13]
- Baltic Governorates
- Caucasus Viceroyalty
- Chinese Eastern Railway
Congress Poland
Emirate of Bukhara (protectorate)- General Government of Galicia and Bukovina
Grand Duchy of Finland
Khanate of Khiva (protectorate)- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian Military
- Russian-occupied Eastern Galicia
- Russian-occupied German Empire
- Russian-occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- Russian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Russian Turkestan
Uryankhay Krai (protectorate)- Vistula Land
- Western Krai
- Russian Provisional Government[14]
- Russian Republic[14]
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Transcaucasian-occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian Military
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
Russian Soviet Republic (Russian Socialist Soviet Republic) (Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic) (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) (RSFSR)[lower-alpha 2]
- Amur Socialist Soviet Republic
Armed Forces of the Russian Soviet Republic
Baku Soviet Commune
Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic- Black Sea Soviet Republic
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Commune of the Working People of Estonia- Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic- Don Soviet Republic
Far Eastern Republic- Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland)
- First Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka
Galician Soviet Socialist Republic- Jangal Movement
- Karelian Workers' Commune
- Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic
- Kuban Soviet Republic
Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
Litbel- Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Mughan Soviet Republic
- North Caucasian Soviet Republic
- Odessa Soviet Republic
- Petrograd Soviet
- Red Guards
- Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic- Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
- Terek Soviet Republic
Turkestan Autonomous Socialist Federative Republic
Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets- Ukrainian Soviet Republic
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- Second Polish Republic
Soviet Republic of Naissaar (Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar) (Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders)[lower-alpha 3]- State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
State of Thessaloniki
- Allied-occupied Kingdom of Greece
Turkestan Autonomy
Ukrainian People's Republic[lower-alpha 4]
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland[14][13]
- British Empire[14][13]
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
- Basutoland
- Bechuanaland (protectorate)
Bermuda- British concession in Tianjin
British Cyprus
British Guiana- British Honduras
British Leeward Islands- British Mauritius
British occupied German Cameroon- British occupied German East Africa
- British-occupied German Togoland
- British-occupied Sublime State of Persia
British Raj (Indian Empire)[13]
- Aden Settlement (Province of Aden) (protectorate)
- Agencies
Kingdom of Sikkim (protectorate)- Princely States (vassals)
British Somaliland Protectorate- British Western Pacific Territories
- British Windward Islands
- Central-Caspian Dictatorship (protectorate)
- Ceylon
- Colony of the Bahama Islands
Colony of Barbados- Colony of Jamaica and Dependencies
- Colony of Nigeria
- Colony of Trinidad and Tobago
- Commonwealth of Australia[13]
- Company rule in Rhodesia
Crown Colony of Malta- Crown colony of Seychelles
Dominion of Canada[13]
- Canadian-occupied Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic[3]
Dominion of Newfoundland[13]- Dominion of New Zealand[13]
East Africa Protectorate
Falkland Islands
- Federated Malay States (protectorate)
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
Gibraltar- Gold Coast
- Hong Kong
Khedivate of Egypt (protectorate)
- Kingdom of Tonga (protectorate)
- Military Dictatorship of Mughan
- Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Brunei Darussalam) (Sultanate of Brunei) (protectorate)
- New Hebrides
Northern Persia (protectorate)- Nyasaland
- Occupation of Constantinople
- Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
Saint Helena- Sheikhdom of Kuwait (protectorate)
- State of Qatar (protectorate)
Straits Settlements
- Sultanate of Egypt (protectorate)
- Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (protectorate)
Sultanate of Zanzibar (protectorate)- Swaziland (protectorate)
- Trucial States (Trucial Oman) (Truicial Sheikhdoms) (Trucial Coast) (protectorate)
- Unfederated Malay States (protectorate)
- Union of South Africa[13]
Wituland (protectorate)
- British Military
- British-occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- British-occupied RSFSR
- Constituent Countries of the United Kingdom
- Crown Dependencies of the British Crown
- British Empire[14][13]
- United States of America[14][13]
- American Military
- American-occupied Republic of Cuba
- American-occupied Republic of Haiti
- American-occupied Republic of Nicaragua
- American-occupied RSFSR
- Bajo Nuevo Bank
- Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
- Howland Island
- Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
- Johnston Atoll
- Kingman Reef
- Midway Atoll
- Panama Canal Zone
- Puerto Rico
Republic of Cuba (protectorate)[14][13]
Republic of Nicaragua (protectorate)[14][13]- Republic of Panama (protectorate)[14][13]
- States
- Alabama
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
Territory of Alaska- Territory of American Samoa
- Territory of Guam
- Territory of Hawaii
- United States Virgin Islands
- Wake Island
Non-state actors
Andorran volunteers- Arab Revolt (Arab Army)
- Armenian national movement
Assyria
Basters under Cornelius van Wyk- Iroquois Confederacy
Latvian Provisional Government- Left SRs[lower-alpha 6]
- Polish Legions
Pontic Greeks- Supreme War Council
White Army (White Guard) (Whites)[note 3]
- Mensheviks
- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
Georgian Menshevik Party
- Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Transcaucasian Seim
- Transcaucasian-occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Transcaspian Government
- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
- Military Dictatorship of Mughan
Right SRs
- Russian Republic[14]
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Transcaucasian-occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian Military
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
- Transcaspian Government
- Russian State
Bashkiria- Provisional All-Russian Government (PA-RG) (Omsk Directory) (Ufa Directory) (The Directory)
Russian Armed Forces
Russian Air Forces- Russian Army
Russian Fleet
- White émigrés
Yakutia
Zionists
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The Central Powers were a group of countries opposing the Allies. They were (in order of joining) Austria-Hungary, the German Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria, among others.
List
- Colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Belarusian People's Republic
Crimean Regional Government
Crimean People's Republic- Democratic Republic of Georgia
Dervish State
Don Republic
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
Emirate of Jabal Shammar- German Realm
Duchy of Anhalt
Duchy of Brunswick
Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
Free and Hanseatic City of Bremen
Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck
Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
Free People's State of Württemberg- Free State of Brunswick
Free State of Lippe
Free State of Oldenburg- Free State of Saxe-Meiningen
Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Free State of Prussia- German Cameroon
- German concession in Hankou
- German concession in Hankou
- German concession in Tianjin
German New Guinea- German occupied French Republic
- German occupied Grand Dutchy of Luxembourg
- German occupied Kingdom of Romania
- German occupied Portuguese Mozambique
- German Samoa
- German South West Africa
- Government General of Warsaw
- Grand Duchy of Baden
Grand Duchy of Hesse
Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin- Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg- Grand Duchy of Saxony
- Imperial German General Government of Belgium
Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
Kingdom of Bavaria
Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Saxony- Kingdom of Württemberg
- Neutral Moresnet
- Northern Dobruja
- People's State of Hesse
- Principality of Lippe
Principality of Reuss-Gera
Principality of Reuss-Greiz
Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt- Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe- Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont
Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East- Togoland Protectorate (6–26 August 1914)[16][lower-alpha 11]
German East Africa (since 5 August 1914)[17]
Kingdom of Bulgaria
- Bulgarian occupied Kingdom of Greece
- Bulgarian occupied Kingdom of Serbia
- Bulgarian occupied Principality of Albania
- Northern Dobruja
Kingdom of Finland
Kingdom of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland- Kuban People's Republic
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus- Republic of Finland
South African Provisional Government
Sublime Ottoman State
- Ottoman-occupied Aden Protectorate
- Ottoman-occupied Republic of Armenia
- Ottoman-occupied Russian Empire
- Ottoman-occupied State of Qatar
- Ottoman-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Ottoman-occupied Sultanate of Egypt
- Ottoman-occupied Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Ottoman-occupied Emirate of Upper Asir
- Yemen Vilayet
- Regional Government of Northwest Russia
Sultanate of Darfur
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
- Austro-Hungarian concession in Tianjin
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Itay
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Montenegro
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Romania
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Principality of Albania
- Austro-Hungarian protectorate of Albania
- Carpathian passes
City of Fiume and its District
Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina- Imperial and Royal Military Administration in Serbia
- Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
- Kingdom of Hungary
- Northern Dobruja
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council
- Austro-Hungarian concession in Tianjin
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Itay
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Montenegro
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Romania
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Principality of Albania
- Carpathian passes
- Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Duchy of Bukovina
Duchy of Carinthia
Duchy of Carniola
Duchy of Salzburg
Duchy of Styria
Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia- Imperial and Royal Military Administration in Serbia
Imperial Free City of Trieste- Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Dalmatia
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Margraviate of Istria
Margraviate of Moravia- Northern Dobruja
Princely County of Tyrol
Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
United Baltic Duchy- Ukrainian People's Republic
- Ukrainian State
- Non-state actors
- 'Anazzah
- Ag Kaocen's forces
- Alibi Dzhangildin and Amankeldi Imanov's forces
- Auliyahan'
- Barue forces
Basmachi- Bussa forces
- Charlemagne Péralte's forces
- Dasa's forces
- Dashti people
- Desiderio Arias's forces
- Egba's forces
- Hibernian Rifles
- Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
- Irish Citizen Army
Irish Republican Brotherhood- Irish Volunteers
- Iwellemmedans
- Jangal movement
- John Chilembwe's forces
- Kokonur forces
- Makonbe forces
- Laristani people
- Persian Central Government Gendarmerie
- Polish Legions
- Phu Mi Bun Movement
- Qashqai people
Senussi- Simko Shikak's forces
- Tangistani people
- The Fianna of Ireland
- The Irishwomen's Council
- Trinh Can's forces
- Tulante Buta's forces
- White movement
- Villistas
- Zaian Confederation
State actors
- Bussa Emirate[lower-alpha 12]
Crimean People's Republic[lower-alpha 13]- Free Socialist Republic of Germany[lower-alpha 14]
Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic- Bavarian Soviet Republic
- Bremen Soviet Republic
- Democratic Republic of Georgia (protectorate)
German Colonial Empire
- German-occupied Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- German-occupied Kingdom of Belgium
- German-occupied Third French Republic
- General Governorate of Warsaw
- Imperial German Army
- Imperial German Navy
- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- States of the German Empire
- People's State of Bavaria
- Saxonian Soviet Republic
Spartacus League (Spartacists)- Würzburg Soviet Republic
- Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East (Ober Ost)
- Bialystok-Grodno District
- Courland District
- Lithuania District
- Territories ceded by Russia
- Ukrainian State (Second Hetmanate)
Imamate of Oman
Irish Republic[lower-alpha 16]
- German Realm (Second German Reich)[14][13][lower-alpha 17]
Bermontians- Democratic Republic of Georgia (protectorate)
- German Colonial Empire
- German-occupied Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- German-occupied Kingdom of Belgium
- German-occupied Russian Empire
- German-occupied Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar
- German-occupied Third French Republic
- General Governorate of Warsaw
- Imperial German Army
- Imperial German Navy
- Indian independence committee[lower-alpha 18]
- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- Kingdom of Poland (puppet state)
- States of the German Empire
- Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East (Ober Ost)
- Bialystok-Grodno District
- Courland District
- Lithuania District
- Territories ceded by Russia
Baltic Duchy
- Belarusian People's Republic
Crimean Regional Government- Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
- German Estonia
- German-occupied Don Republic (Don Cossacks)
Kingdom of Lithuania- Ukrainian State (Second Hetmanate)
- Ukrainian People's Republic (German occupation zone)[lower-alpha 21]
- White Finland (Republic of Finland/Kingdom of Finland)
- The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen[14][13][lower-alpha 22]
- Austrian Colonial Empire
- Austrian-occupied Kingdom of Italy
- Austrian-occupied Kingdom of Serbia
- Austro-Hungarian Military
- Kingdom of Poland (puppet state)
Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
- Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia- Kingdom of Hungary
Principality of Transylvania
- The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council (Cisleithania)
- Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Municipalities
Austrian Littoral- County of Tyrol
Crown Land of Salzburg- Duchy of Bukovina
Duchy of Carinthia- Duchy of Carniola
Duchy of Styria
Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia- Imperial Free City of Trieste
- Lands of the Bohemian Crown
- Kingdom of Dalmatia
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria- Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
- Ukrainian People's Republic (Austrian occupation zone)[lower-alpha 23]
- The Sublime Ottoman State[14][13]
- Damascus Eyalet
Kars Republic (protectorate)- Minor allies of the Ottoman Empire
- Ahl Haydara Mansur
- 'Anazzah
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic- Basmachi
- Khanate of Khiva under Junaid Khan
- Central Asian revolt of 1916 (Turkic tribal confederations)
- Dervish state
- Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Ethiopian Empire (Lij Iyasu loyalists)
Mountain Republic (Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus) (MRNC) (Republic of the Mountaineers) (United Republics of the North Caucasus)
North Caucasian Emirate
Republic of Aras
Senussi order- Shekak tribe
- Sultanate of Darfur
- Ottoman Arabia
- Ottoman Military
- Ottoman-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Ottoman-occupied Republic of Armenia
- Ottoman-occupied Russian Empire
- Ottoman-occupied Sultanate of Egypt
- Ottoman-occupied Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Territories ceded by Russia
- Yemen Vilayet
- Tsardom of Bulgaria[14][13]
- Bulgarian-occupied Kingdom of Greece
- Bulgarian-occupied Kingdom of Serbia
- Bulgarian occupied Principality of Albania
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO)
Weimar Republic[14][lower-alpha 24]
- Democratic Republic of Georgia (protectorate)
- Free State of Bavaria
- Free State of Prussia
- German Colonial Empire
- German-occupied Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- German-occupied Kingdom of Belgium
- German-occupied Third French Republic
- General Governorate of Warsaw
- Imperial German Army
- Imperial German Navy
- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- States of the German Empire
- Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East (Ober Ost)
- Bialystok-Grodno District
- Courland District
- Lithuania District
- Territories ceded by Russia
- Ukrainian State (Second Hetmanate)
Non-state actors
- Aulihan
- Barue rebels
- Berbers
- Cacos (Charlemagne Péralte's forces)
- Conventionists
- Egba rebels
Green Armies[lower-alpha 26]- Indian revolutionaries
Iranian rebels
- Achomi people
- Dashti people
- Democrat Party
- Dowlat Movaqat Melli (Provisional National Government)[19]
- Jangal Movement
Persian Central Government Gendarmerie
- Pro-German government of Shiraz under Mehdi Qoli Hedayat
- Qashqai people
- John Chilembwe's forces
- Makonde people[lower-alpha 27]
Manchu Restoration
Ministry of War of the Dominican Republic under Desiderio Arias- Phu Mi Bun movement[lower-alpha 28]
- Polish Legions
- Volta-Bani Rebels
- White Army (White Guard) (Whites)[lower-alpha 29]
.svg){kind=logo}
- Declared neutral colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
Kingdom of Denmark
- Danish West Indies
- Greenland
- Iceland
Kingdom of Norway[lower-alpha 31]
Kingdom of Spain
Kingdom of Sweden[lower-alpha 32]
Kingdom of the Netherlands[lower-alpha 33]
- Sublime State of Persia[lower-alpha 34]
Swiss Confederation[lower-alpha 35]
- De facto neutral colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
Argentine Republic- Banat Republic
Bogd Khanate of Outer Mongolia- Chokwe Kingdom
- Emirate of Afghanistan[lower-alpha 36]
- Emirate of Bukhara
Empire of China- Ethiopian Empire[lower-alpha 37]
Free State of Bottleneck
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg[lower-alpha 38]- Hungary[lower-alpha 39]
Idel-Ural State
Karakorum Government
Khanate of Khiva- Kingdom of Bhutan
- Komancza Republic
Moldavian Democratic Republic
Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
Peruvian Republic
Principality of Liechtenstein[lower-alpha 40]
Principality of Monaco[lower-alpha 41]- Radomir Republic[lower-alpha 42]
Republic of Bolivia
Republic of Chile
Republic of Colombia
Republic of Ecuador
Republic of El Salvador[lower-alpha 43]- Republic of Estonia
- Republic of Lithuania
Republic of Paraguay
Republic of Tarnobrzeg
Shanghai International Settlement- Sheikdom of Upper Asir
- Spitsbergen[lower-alpha 44]
Sultanate of Sulu
Tibet[lower-alpha 45]- The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council[lower-alpha 46]
United Mexican States[lower-alpha 47]
United States of Venezuela
- Non-state actors
| Flag | Country (official name), army, or party | Country (common name), army, or party | Years when entity participated in the war | Allied Power | Central Power | Strength | Casualties | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Casualties | Civilian Casualties | Total Casualties | ||||||||
.png) |
Kingdom of Serbia | Serbia | 1914–1915 | ✓ | 707,000 | 275,000[20] | 525,000[20] | 300,000[20] | [21][22][23] | |
 |
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen and colonies | Austria-Hungary / Austro-Hungarian Empire | 1914–1918 | ✓ | 7,800,000 | 1,460,000[20] | 400,000?[20] | 1,860,000[20] | [21][24][23] | |
|
Russian Empire | Russia | 1914–1917 | ✓ | 12,000,000 | 1,811,000 | 1,500,000 | 3,311,000 | [21][25][better source needed] | |
.svg) |
German Realm and colonies | Germany / German Empire | 1914–1918 | ✓ | 13,250,000 | 2,037,000[20] | 700,000[20] | 2,737,000[20] | [21] | |
.svg) |
Third French Republic and colonies | France / French Empire | 1914–1918 | ✓ | Total figures for the French Empire: 8,660,000 | 1,327,000[20] | 600,000[20] | 1,927,000[20] | [21] | |
| Czechoslovak Legion | Czech Legion | 1914–1918 | ✓ | |||||||
 |
Kingdom of Belgium and colonies | Belgium / Belgian Empire | 1914 | ✓ | 380,000 | 38,000[20] | 50,000[20] | 88,000[20] | [21] | |
.svg) |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and colonies | United Kingdom / British Empire | 1914-1918 | ✓ | Total figures for the British Empire: 8,842,000 | 750,000[20] | 600,000 | 1.350,000[20] | [21][26] | |
 |
Commonwealth of Australia | Australia | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 61,966[20] | 61,966[20] | ||||
.svg) |
Dominion of Canada | Canada | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 620,000 | 64,944 | 2,000 | 66,944 | ||
 |
Dominion of Newfoundland | Newfoundland | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 1,204 | 1,204 | ||||
 |
Dominion of New Zealand | New Zealand | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 18,052[20] | 18,052[20] | ||||
 |
Khedivate of Egypt | Egypt | 1914 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
Indian Empire | British India, British Hindustan, British Raj | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 74,187 | 74,187 | ||||
.svg) |
Kingdom of Nepal | Nepal | 1914-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
.svg) |
Sultanate of Egypt | Egypt | 1914-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
.svg) |
Union of South Africa | South Africa | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 9,463 | 9,463 | ||||
 |
Republic of Liberia | Liberia | 1914-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
.svg) |
Kingdom of Montenegro | Montenegro | 1914-1915 | ✓ | 50,000 | 13,000[20] | 13,000[20] | [21] | ||
.svg) |
Empire of Japan and colonies | Japan / Japanese Empire | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 800,000 | 1000[20] | 1000[20] | [21] | ||
 |
South African Republic | Maritz rebellion | 1914-1915 | ✓ | 12,000 | 124 | 124 | |||
.svg) |
Principality of Albania | Albania | 1914-1916 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
Sublime Ottoman State | Ottoman Empire / Turkish Empire / Turkey / Ottoman Turkey | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 2,998,000 | 325,000[20] | 1,000,000-2,000,000 (from the Armenian Genocide) [20] | 2,325,000[20] | [21][27] | |
.svg) |
Emirate of Jabbal Shammar | Jabbal Shammar | 1914-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
.svg) |
Idrisid Emirate of Asir | Asir | 1915-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
Kingdom of Italy | Italy / Italian Empire | 1915-1918 | ✓ | 5,615,000 | 460,000[20] | 700,000?[20] | 1,160,000[20] | [21] | |
 |
Tsardom of Bulgaria | Bulgaria / Kingdom of Bulgaria | 1915-1918 | ✓ | 1,200,000 | 87,000 | 300,000[20] | 388,000[20] | [21] | |
 |
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa | Nejd / Nejd and Hasa | 1915-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
Senussiyya | Senussi | 1915-1917 | ✓ | [28][29] | |||||
 |
Portugese Republic and colonies | Portugal / Portugese Empire | 1916-1918 | ✓ | 80,000 | 7,000[20] | 7,000[20] | [21][30] | ||
 |
Irish Nationalists | Irish Rebels | 1916, 1917, 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz | Hejaz / Arab Revolt | 1916-1918 | ✓ | [31] | |||||
 |
Kingdom of Romania | Romania | 1916-1918 | ✓ | 658,000 | 250,000[20] | 300,000[20] | 550,000[20] | [21][32] | |
.svg) |
Provisional Government of National Defence | Thessaloniki | 1916-1917 | ✓ | [33] | |||||
 |
Kingdom of Poland | Poland | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [34] | |||||
|
Russian Provisional Government | Russia | 1917 | ✓ | [21][35][36] | |||||
.svg) |
United States of America and colonies | United States | 1917-1918 | ✓ | 4,744,000 | 117,000[20] | 117,000[20] | [21][37] | ||
 |
Republic of Panama | Panama | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
.svg) |
Republic of Cuba | Cuba | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
|
Russian Republic | Russia | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
 |
Kingdom of Greece | Greece | 1917-1918 | ✓ | 250,000 | 25,000[20] | 25,000[20] | [21] | ||
.svg) |
Republic of China | China | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
 |
Kingdom of Siam | Siam | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
 |
Republic of the United States of Brazil | Brazil | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
| Haudenosaunee Confederacy | Iroquois | 1917-1918 | ✓ | |||||||
.svg) |
Republic of Peru | Peru | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [15] | |||||
 |
Alash Autonomy | Kazakhstan / Alash-Orda | 1917-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
|
White Army[note 4] | Whites | 1917-1918 | ✓[note 5] | ✓[note 5] | |||||
_Autonomy.svg) |
Turkestan Autonomy | Turkestan | 1917-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
Kuban People's Republic | Kuban / Kuban Cossacks | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
|
Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic | Soviet Russia / Bolshevik Russia | 1918 | ✓[lower-alpha 48] | [38] | |||||
.svg) |
Kingdom of Finland | Finland / White Finland | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
.svg) |
Kingdom of Lithuania | Lithuania | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
Republic of Finland | Finland | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
.svg) |
Belarusian People's Republic | Belarus / White Ruthenia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
|
United Baltic Duchy / Grand Duchy of Livonia | Baltic Duchy / Livonia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic | Transcaucasia / Transcaucasian Federation | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
Republic of Armenia | Armenia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
.png) |
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic | Azerbaijan | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
.svg) |
Democratic Republic of Georgia | Georgia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
.svg) |
Ukrainian People's Republic | Ukraine | 1918 | ✓[lower-alpha 49] | ✓[lower-alpha 50] | |||||
| Ukrainian State | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||||
.svg) |
Crimean People's Republic | Crimea | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
Crimean Regional Government | 1918, 1919 | ✓ | |||||||
 |
Republic of Guatemala | Guatemala | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
 |
Republic of Nicaragua | Nicaragua | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
.svg) |
First Costa Rican Republic | Costa Rica | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
.svg) |
Republic of Haiti | Haiti | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
 |
Republic of Bolivia | Bolivia | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
 |
Republic of Ecuador | Ecuador | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
 |
Oriental Republic of Urugay | Urugay | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
 |
Republic of Honduras | Honduras | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
 |
Centrocaspian Dictatorship | Centro-caspian Dictatorship | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
First Czechoslovak Republic | Czechoslovakia / Bohemia / Czechia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
 |
State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs | Yugoslavia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
|
Second Polish Republic | Poland | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
_common.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
The following table shows the timeline of the several declarations of war among the belligerent powers. Entries on a yellow background show severed diplomatic relations only, not actual declarations of war.
| Date | Declarer | On |
|---|---|---|
| 1914 | ||
| July 28 |  Austria-Hungary |
 Serbia |
| August 1 |  Germany |
 Russia |
| August 3 | Germany |
 France |
| August 4 | Germany |
 Belgium |
 United Kingdom |
Germany | |
| August 5 |  Montenegro |
Austria-Hungary |
| August 6 | Austria-Hungary |
Russia |
| Serbia |
Germany | |
| August 9 | Montenegro |
Germany |
| August 11 | France |
Austria-Hungary |
| August 12 | United Kingdom |
Austria-Hungary |
| August 22 | Austria-Hungary |
Belgium |
| August 23 |  Japan |
Germany |
| August 25 | Japan |
Austria-Hungary |
| October 5 |  Albania |
Austria-Hungary |
| November 1 | Russia |
 Ottoman Empire |
| November 2 | Serbia |
Ottoman Empire |
| November 3 | Montenegro |
Ottoman Empire |
| November 5 | United Kingdom France |
Ottoman Empire |
| 1915 | ||
| May 23 |  Italy |
Austria-Hungary |
| August 21 | Italy |
Ottoman Empire |
| October 14 |  Bulgaria |
Serbia |
| October 15 | United Kingdom Montenegro |
Bulgaria |
| October 16 | France |
Bulgaria |
| October 19 | Italy Russia |
Bulgaria |
| 1916 | ||
| March 9 | Germany |
 Portugal |
| March 15 | Austria-Hungary |
Portugal |
| August 27 |  Romania |
Austria-Hungary |
| Italy |
Germany | |
| August 28 | Germany |
Romania |
| August 30 | Ottoman Empire |
Romania |
| November 1 | Bulgaria |
Romania |
| 1917 | ||
| April 6 |  United States |
Germany |
| April 7 |  Cuba Panama |
Germany |
| April 10 | Bulgaria |
United States |
| April 13 |  Bolivia |
Germany |
| April 20 | Ottoman Empire |
United States |
| July 2 |  Greece |
Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria |
| July 22 |  Siam |
Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire |
| August 4 |  Liberia |
Germany |
| August 14 |  China |
Germany Austria-Hungary |
| October 6 |  Peru |
Germany |
| October 7 |  Uruguay |
Germany |
| October 26 |  Brazil |
Germany |
| December 7 | United States |
Austria-Hungary |
| December 7 |  Ecuador |
Germany |
| December 10 | Panama |
Austria-Hungary |
| December 16 | Cuba |
Austria-Hungary |
| 1918 | ||
| April 23 |  Guatemala |
Germany |
| May 8 |  Nicaragua |
Germany Austria-Hungary |
| May 23 |  Costa Rica |
Germany |
| July 12 |  Haiti |
Germany |
| July 19 |  Honduras |
Germany |
| November 10 | Romania |
Germany |
- World War I
- Allies of World War I
- Central Powers
- Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
- Russian entry into World War I
- German entry into World War I
- French entry into World War I
- British entry into World War I
- Ottoman entry into World War I
- American entry into World War I
- International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)
- Russian Civil War
- since 1830 was Neutral Moresnet a condominium between Prussia (later Germany) and Belgium. Both countries had the right to protect the region.[10] On the same day of the German invasion in Belgium, the region was occupied by Germany. Until the end of the war and was in the Treaty of Versailles treaty annexed by Belgium.[11]
- armistice since 15 December 1917, allied power during the Battle of Zhmerynka, Operation Faustschlag, the Crimea Operation, and the Sochi conflict
- During/after the German-backed coup d'état
- After the Left SR uprising
- during the Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
- From 26 August 1914, the Protectorate was occupied by the Alied forces until the Treaty of Versailles, on 20 July 1922 which officially divided the Protectorate between the UK and France.[5]
- during the Bussa rebellion
- during the Crimea Operation
- during the Hindu-German conspiracy
- during the Anti-Hetman Uprising
- during the Battle of Zhmerynka, Operation Faustschlag, and the Crimea Operation. Officially a Central Power since the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
- until 31 October 1918
- during the Battle of Zhmerynka, Operation Faustschlag, and the Crimea Operation. Officially a Central Power since the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
- participating in the Pancho Villa Expedition before the United States joined the Allies
- during the Sochi conflict
- during the Makonbe uprising
- during the Holy Man's Rebellion
- Received a German diplomatic mission trying to convince it to act against the British in India
- from 31 October 1918
- before the Spitsbergen Treaty
- from 31 October 1918
- Declined an alliance with Germany (see Zimmermann Telegram)
- Few soldiers were in France, and they did not fight against the Germans. However, Liberia did declare war on Germany.
- disbanded before the United States joined the war
- Some members of the Whites aligned themselves with the Entente, and others aligned themselves with the Central Powers.
- The White Movement fought the Bolsheviks (RSFSR) but they both were fighting Germany until the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918.
- Some members of the Whites aligned themselves with the Entente, and others aligned themselves with the Central Powers.
- ^ British Empire was the common term for the United Kingdom and its overseas possessions at this time. The term refers to the colonies it controlled, to the Indian Empire, which, while not officially designated a colony, was functionally indistinguishable from one, and the British Dominions - former colonies which were self-governing in most respects but whose foreign policy was controlled by London; Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand and South Africa. At that time, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland also included the entire island of Ireland.
- Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005). World War I. ABC CLIO. ISBN 9789386316752.
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