States of the German Empire

The German Empire consisted of 25 constituent states and an imperial territory, the largest of which was Prussia. These states, or Staaten (or Bundesstaaten, i.e. federal states, a name derived from the previous North German Confederation; they became known as Länder during the Weimar Republic) each had votes in the Bundesrat, which gave them representation at a federal level.

Several of these states had gained sovereignty following the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. Others were created as sovereign states after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Territories were not necessarily contiguous, such as Bavaria, or Oldenburg—many existed in several parts (enclaves and exclaves), as a result of historical acquisitions, or, in several cases, divisions of the ruling family trees.

Kingdoms

The flags and coat of arms of all states, the Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine, and the Prussian provinces

• Kingdom of Bavaria
• Kingdom of Prussia (itself subdivided into provinces; including the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg ruled in personal union until annexed 1 July 1876)
• Kingdom of Saxony
• Kingdom of Württemberg

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duchy of Baden
• Grand Duchy of Hesse
• Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
• Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
• Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
• Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (officially the Grand Duchy of Saxony from 1903)

Duchies

Cockades of the German states

• Duchy of Anhalt
• Duchy of Brunswick
• Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
• Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg (till 1876)
• Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen

Principalities

• Principality of Lippe
• Principality of Reuss-Gera (Junior Line)
• Principality of Reuss-Greiz (Senior Line)
• Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
• Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Free and Hanseatic Cities

Different from the above-mentioned monarchies these city-states were constitutionally organised as republics.

• Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
• Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
• Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck

Imperial Territory

Different from all other aforementioned constituent states, this region, comprising territory ceded by France in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War, was first administered directly by the central government, but was granted limited autonomy in 1911 with an elected state parliament of its own.

• Alsace–Lorraine

See also

• Provinces of Prussia
• States of the German Confederation
• List of German monarchs in 1918
• States of the Weimar Republic
• Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany
• Administrative divisions of East Germany
• States of Germany