Charles Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan

Charles Sloane Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan (29 September 1728 – 3 April 1807) was a British peer and Whig politician.

The Right Honourable The Earl Cadogan
Master of the Mint
In office 1769–1784
Preceded by	The Viscount Chetwynd
Succeeded by	The Earl of Effingham
Member of Parliament for Cambridge
In office 1755–1776 Serving with Viscount Dupplin, Soame Jenyns
Preceded by	Viscount Dupplin Thomas Bromley
Succeeded by	Soame Jenyns Benjamin Keene
In office 1749–1754 Serving with Viscount Dupplin
Preceded by	Viscount Dupplin Christopher Jeaffreson
Succeeded by	Viscount Dupplin Thomas Bromley
Personal details
Born	Charles Sloane Cadogan (1728-09-29)29 September 1728
Died	3 April 1807(1807-04-03) (aged 78) Santon Downham, Suffolk
Political party	Whig
Spouses	Frances Bromley ​ ​ (m. 1747; died 1768)​ Mary Churchill ​ ​ (m. 1777; div. 1796)​
Children	14
Parent(s)	Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan Elizabeth Sloane
Relatives	Sir Hans Sloane (grandfather) Hans Stanley (cousin)
Alma mater	Magdalen College, Oxford

Early life

Cadogan was the only son of Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan and his wife, the former Elizabeth Sloane.^[1]

His maternal grandparents were Elisabeth (née Langley) Sloane and Sir Hans Sloane, 1st Baronet.^[2] Following the 1780 suicide of his cousin, Ambassador Hans Stanley (son of his maternal aunt Sarah Sloane Stanley and George Stanley of Paultons), he inherited Stanley's half of the Sloane estate.^[2][3]

Cadogan was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford.^[4][5]

Career

From 1749 to 1754 and again from 1755, Cadogan was returned on the interest of his father-in-law, Lord Montfort, as a Member of Parliament for Cambridge until he inherited his father's title in 1776.^[5] He was also appointed Keeper of the Privy Purse to Prince Edward in 1756, Surveyor of the King's Gardens from 1764 to 1769 and Master of the Mint from 1769 to 1784.^[6] In 1800, he was elevated in the Peerage as 1st Viscount Chelsea and 1st Earl Cadogan.^[5]

In 1774, Cadogan entered into an agreement to loan £20,500 to Sir Robert Cockburn, Sir George Colebrooke, John Stewart and John Nelson to enable the four men to purchase a 320-acre estate in St George Parish, Grenada, together with the enslaved people on the estate.^[2]

In 1777 he leased 100 acres (0.40 km²) of the family estate in Chelsea to architect Henry Holland for building development. Holland built Sloane Square, Sloane Street, Cadogan Place and Hans Place.^[7] Lord Cadogan also served as Sloane Trustee of the British Museum from 1779 until his death in 1807.^[8]

Personal life

On 30 May 1747, Cadogan married Frances Bromley, a daughter of Henry Bromley, 1st Baron Montfort and the former Frances Wyndham (only daughter of Thomas Wyndham of Trent). Together, they had six children:^{[9][unreliable source]}

• Charles Henry Sloane Cadogan, 2nd Earl Cadogan (1749–1832), an officer in the British Army who became insane before his father's death.^[10]
• William Bromley Cadogan (1751–1797), who married Jane Bradshaw in 1782.^[11]
• Thomas Cadogan (1752–1782), a naval officer lost at sea aboard HMS Glorieux.^[10]
• George Cadogan (1754–1780), who was killed in India while an officer in the HEIC Army.^[10]
• Edward Cadogan (1758–1779), an army officer.^[10]
• Henry William Cadogan (1761–1774), who died young.^[10]

Cadogan's first wife died in 1768, and on 10 May 1777, he married Mary Churchill, a daughter of Col. Charles Churchill and Lady Mary Walpole (a daughter of former Prime Minister Robert Walpole). Together, Mary and Charles were the parents of the following children before they divorced in 1796:^[10]

• Lady Emily Mary Cadogan (ABT 1778-1839), who married Gerald Valerian Wellesley, a younger son of Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington and brother to Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and became the mother of George Wellesley.^[10]
• Henry Cadogan (1780–1813), who was killed at the Battle of Vitoria.^[10]
• Lady Charlotte Cadogan (1781–1853), who married Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley, also a son of the 1st Earl of Mornington, in 1803. After their divorce in 1810, she married Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, the eldest son of Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge, also in 1810.^[10]
• George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan (1783–1864), who married Louisa Blake, sister of Joseph Blake, 1st Baron Wallscourt and fifth daughter of Joseph Blake of Ardfry.^[10]
• Lady Louisa Cadogan (1787–1843), who married the Rev. William Marsh in 1840.^[10]
• Lt. Colonel Edward Cadogan (1789–1851), who married Ellen Donovan, daughter of Laurence Donovan in 1823, and then, secondly, Jeanne Marie-Zoé Dipierrin in 1849 at Tarbes, France. He died at Château Ayzac.^[9][12][13]

Lord Cadogan died at Santon Downham, Suffolk on 3 April 1807,^[5] and his titles passed to his eldest son by his first wife, Charles.^[14]

References

1. Pearman, Robert (1986). The Cadogan Family: The History of a Landed Family. Haggerston Press. ISBN 978-1-869812-01-0. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
2. "Charles Sloane Cadogan 1st Earl Cadogan". www.ucl.ac.uk. Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
3. Bulley, Anjali (2017). Cadogan & Chelsea: The Making of a Modern Estate. Unicorn Publishing Group LLP. ISBN 978-1-910787-43-4. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
4. Pearman, Robert (1988). The First Earl Cadogan, 1672-1726. Haggerston. ISBN 978-1-869812-02-7. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
5. Sedgwick, Romney R. "CADOGAN, Hon. Charles Sloane (1728-1807), of Caversham, Oxon". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
6. Craig, John (1953). The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–227. ASIN B0000CIHG7.
7. "A Walk through upper Chelsea and Belgravia". Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
8. "Our Heritage | Cadogan Estates, Chelsea, London UK". www.cadogan.co.uk. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
9. "Cadogan, Earl (GB, 1800)". www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Heraldic Media Limited. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
10. Pearman, Robert (1990). The Cadogans at War, 1783-1864: The Third Earl Cadogan and His Family. Haggerston Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-869812-05-8. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
11. Cecil, Richard (1832). Life of the Honourable and Reverend William Bromley Cadogan ... Abridged. R.T.S. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
12. "Marriage - Tarbes, Hautes-Pyrénées, France, 1849" (Document). Tarbes, France: Archives Départementales des Hautes-Pyrénées, TD 1843 1852 2 E 4/112 Vue 113.
13. "Acte de décès Mairie Ayzac-Ost, 1851, Cadogan, Edouard" (Document). Tarbes, France: Archives Départementales des Hautes-Pyrénées.
14. Lundy, Darryl. "p. 10703 § 107026". The Peerage.^{[unreliable source]}

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl Cadogan
• Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages ^{[self-published source] [better source needed]}
• Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs

Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by Viscount Dupplin Christopher Jeaffreson	Member of Parliament for Cambridge 1749–1754 With: Viscount Dupplin	Succeeded by Viscount Dupplin Thomas Bromley
Preceded by Viscount Dupplin Thomas Bromley	Member of Parliament for Cambridge 1755–1776 With: Viscount Dupplin 1755–1758 Soame Jenyns 1758–1776	Succeeded by Soame Jenyns Benjamin Keene
Political offices
Preceded by The Viscount Chetwynd	Master of the Mint 1769–1784	Succeeded by The Earl of Effingham
Peerage of Great Britain
New creation	Earl Cadogan 1800–1807	Succeeded by Charles Cadogan
Preceded by Charles Cadogan	Baron Cadogan 1776–1807