2024 United States presidential election in Virginia

Main article: 2024 United States presidential election

The 2024 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Virginia voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Virginia has 13 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state neither gained nor lost a seat.

2024 United States presidential election in Virginia

← 2020 November 5, 2024 2028 →

Nominee Kamala Harris Donald Trump Party Democratic Republican Home state California Florida Running mate Tim Walz JD Vance Projected electoral vote 13 0 Popular vote 2,335,395 2,075,085 Percentage 51.83% 46.05%

County and independent city results Congressional district results Precinct results Harris   40–50%   50–60%   60–70%   70–80%   80–90%   90–100% Trump   40–50%   50–60%   60–70%   70–80%   80–90%   90–100% Tie/No data

President before election Joe Biden Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican

Before the election, most news organizations considered Virginia a likely win for Harris. On election day, Harris won Virginia with 51.83% of the vote, carrying the state by a margin of 5.78%, similar to the 2016 results.

Primary elections

Democratic primary

Main article: 2024 Virginia Democratic presidential primary

The Virginia Democratic primary was held on Super Tuesday, March 5, 2024. Incumbent president Joe Biden won the state and all 11 of its congressional districts, securing 99 pledged delegates. Activist Marianne Williamson garnered 8% of the vote total, which was her second-best performance on Super Tuesday after Oklahoma.

Popular vote share by county and independent city

  Biden

•   70–80%
•   80–90%
•   >90%

Virginia Democratic primary, March 5, 2024^[1]

Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Actual delegate count
			Pledged	Unpledged	Total
Joe Biden (incumbent)	317,329	88.51%	99		99
Marianne Williamson	⁦28,599	7.98%	0		0
Dean Phillips	⁦12,586	3.51%	0		0
Total:	358,514	100.00%	99	19	118

Republican primary

Main article: 2024 Virginia Republican presidential primary

The Virginia Republican primary was held on Super Tuesday, March 5, 2024. Former president Donald Trump defeated former South Carolina governor Nikki Haley, attaining 42 pledged delegates to the Republican National Convention in July. Trump performed best in southwest Virginia, while Haley's strength lay in Charlottesville, Albemarle County, the urban areas of Richmond and the suburbs surrounding Washington, D.C.

Popular vote share by county and independent city

  Trump

•   40–50%
•   50–60%
•   60–70%
•   70–80%
•   80–90%
•   >90%

  Haley

•   50–60%
•   60–70%
•   70–80%

Virginia Republican primary, March 5, 2024^[2]

Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Actual delegate count
			Bound	Unbound	Total
Donald Trump	440,416	62.99%	39	3	42
Nikki Haley	244,586	34.98%	6		6
Ron DeSantis (withdrawn)	7,494	1.07%
Chris Christie (withdrawn)	3,384	0.48%
Vivek Ramaswamy (withdrawn)	2,503	0.36%
Ryan Binkley (withdrawn)	853	0.12%
Total:	699,236	100.00%	45	3	48

General election

Harris won the state by 5.78%, worse than Biden's margin but slightly improved from Hillary Clinton's 5.32% margin. Trump flipped Prince Edward County for the first time since 2000, Surry County since 1972, and won back the city of Lynchburg. Nevertheless, he became the first ever Republican to win the White House without carrying the city of Virginia Beach since it became an independent city in 1952, as well as the first to do so without carrying Chesterfield or Stafford Counties since Calvin Coolidge in 1924, and the first to do so without carrying James City County or the city of Chesapeake since Richard Nixon in 1968. This was the first presidential election in which the Republican candidate received more than 2 million votes in Virginia. Trump is the first Republican to win the popular vote without Virginia since 1924. This is also the first election since 2000 where Virginia voted for the popular vote loser.

Voting law changes

In August 2024, Virginia governor Glenn Youngkin signed an executive order removing 6,303 voters suspected of being non-citizens from Virginia's voter rolls.^[3][4] In October 2024, the Department of Justice sued the Virginia Board of Elections and Virginia commissioner of elections over the voter purge, accusing that it violated the National Voter Registration Act.^[5][6] The suit also found a number of alleged non-citizens purged were actually citizens.^[6][7] District judge Patricia Tolliver Giles ruled that the removal was illegal, ordering the state to stop purging voter rolls and to restore the voter registration of more than 1,600 voters who had been removed.^[8][7] The 4th Circuit Court of Appeals then upheld the order.^[9][10] The administration filed an emergency appeal to the Supreme Court, which sided with Virginia in a 6-3 decision, allowing the state to continue purging voter rolls.^[11][10]

Predictions

Source	Ranking	As of
The Cook Political Report[12]	Likely D	June 12, 2024
Inside Elections[13]	Likely D	April 26, 2023
Sabato's Crystal Ball[14]	Likely D	August 27, 2024
The Economist[15]	Likely D	September 10, 2024
CNalysis[16]	Solid D	September 15, 2024
CNN[17]	Lean D	August 18, 2024
538[18]	Likely D	August 23, 2024
NBC News[19]	Likely D	October 6, 2024
YouGov[20]	Safe D	October 16, 2024
Split Ticket[21]	Likely D	November 1, 2024

Polling

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump

Aggregate polls

Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Kamala Harris Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Undecided [a]	Margin
270ToWin[22]	October 2 - November 1, 2024	November 4, 2024	49.8%	41.0%	9.2%	Harris +8.8%
538[23]	through November 4, 2024	November 4, 2024	49.9%	43.7%	6.4%	Harris +6.2%
Silver Bulletin[24]	through November 3, 2024	November 3, 2024	49.5%	43.2%	7.3%	Harris +6.3%
The Hill/DDHQ[25]	through November 4, 2024	November 4, 2024	50.1%	45.1%	4.8%	Harris +5.0%
Average			49.8%	43.3%	6.9%	Harris +6.5%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Kamala Harris Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other / Undecided
AtlasIntel[26]	November 3–4, 2024	2,202 (LV)	± 2.0%	51%	46%	3%
Research Co.[27]	November 2–3, 2024	450 (LV)	± 4.6%	51%	45%	4%
ActiVote[28]	October 2–28, 2024	400 (LV)	± 4.9%	54%	46%	–
Rasmussen Reports (R)[29][A]	October 24–25, 2024	1,014 (LV)	± 3.0%	48%	46%	6%[c]
CES/YouGov[30]	October 1–25, 2024	2,027 (A)	–	53%	44%	3%
		2,015 (LV)		53%	44%	3%
Quantus Insights (R)[31][B]	October 22−24, 2024	725 (LV)	± 3.6%	49%	48%	3%
Braun Research[32][C]	October 19−23, 2024	1,004 (RV)	± 3.5%	48%	42%	9%
		1,004 (LV)		49%	43%	8%
Christopher Newport University[33]	September 28 − October 4, 2024	800 (LV)	± 4.4%	52%	41%	7%[d]
Emerson College[34][D]	September 22−24, 2024	860 (LV)	± 3.3%	52%	44%	4%[e]
				53%[f]	46%	1%[e]
Morning Consult[35]	September 9−18, 2024	899 (LV)	± 3.0%	51%	44%	5%
Rasmussen Reports (R)[36][A]	September 19−22, 2024	1,144 (LV)	± 3.0%	49%	46%	5%
ActiVote[37]	August 19 – September 17, 2024	400 (LV)	± 4.9%	55%	45%	–
Research America Inc.[38][E]	September 3−9, 2024	1,000 (A)	± 3.1%	45%	45%	10%[g]
		756 (LV)	± 4.1%	48%	46%	6%[h]
Washington Post/Schar School[39]	September 4–8, 2024	1,005 (RV)	± 3.5%	51%	43%	6%[i]
		1,005 (LV)		51%	43%	6%[i]
Morning Consult[35]	August 30 – September 8, 2024	873 (LV)	± 3.0%	52%	42%	6%
	August 23, 2024	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. suspends his presidential campaign and endorses Donald Trump.
Quantus Insights (R)[40][B]	August 20–22, 2024	629 (RV)	± 4.0%	47%	44%	9%
	August 19–22, 2024	Democratic National Convention
Roanoke College[41]	August 12–16, 2024	691 (LV)	± 4.5%	47%	44%	10%[j]
	August 6, 2024	Kamala Harris selects Gov. Tim Walz as her running mate.
	July 21, 2024	Joe Biden announces his official withdrawal from the race; Kamala Harris declares her candidacy for president.
	July 15–19, 2024	Republican National Convention
Emerson College[42]	July 14–15, 2024	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	45%	47%	8%
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[43]	July 14–15, 2024	301 (RV)	–	43%	44%	13%[k]
		265 (LV)		43%	47%	10%[l]
	July 13, 2024	attempted assassination of Donald Trump
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[43]	July 12–13, 2024	617 (RV)	± 3.9%	45%	41%	14%
		544 (LV)		46%	42%	12%
New York Times/Siena College[44]	July 9–12, 2024	661 (RV)	± 4.2%	48%	44%	8%
		661 (LV)	± 4.4%	49%	44%	7%
SoCal Strategies (R)[45][F]	July 6–11, 2024	1,000 (RV)	± 2.1%	47%	47%	6%

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs Cornel West vs. Jill Stein vs. Chase Oliver

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Kamala Harris Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Cornel West Independent	Jill Stein Green	Chase Oliver Libertarian	Other / Undecided
AtlasIntel[26]	November 3–4, 2024	2,202 (LV)	± 2.0%	51%	45%	–	2%	1%	1%[m]
Chism Strategies[46]	October 28–30, 2024	520 (LV)	± 4.3%	45.2%	44.5%	–	1.3%	0.6%	8.4%[n]
Cygnal (R)[47]	October 27–29, 2024	400 (LV)	± 4.0%	50%	43%	1%	1%	0%	5%[o]
Roanoke College[48]	October 25–29, 2024	851 (LV)	± 4.6%	51%	41%	2%	1%	2%	3%[p]
Virginia Commonwealth University[49]	September 16–25, 2024	832 (A)	± 4.6%	43%	37%	3%	1%	–	16%[q]
		762 (RV)		47%	37%	2%	1%	–	13%[r]
Washington Post/Schar School[39]	September 4–8, 2024	1,005 (RV)	± 3.5%	49%	42%	0%	1%	1%	7%[s]
		1,005 (LV)		50%	42%	0%	1%	1%	6%[s]
Virginia Commonwealth University[50]	August 26 – September 6, 2024	809 (A)	± 5.0%	46%	36%	2%	1%	–	15%[t]
		749 (RV)		49%	36%	1%	1%	–	13%[u]

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Kamala Harris Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert Kennedy Jr Independent	Cornel West Independent	Jill Stein Green	Chase Oliver Libertarian	Other / Undecided
Research America Inc.[38][E]	September 3−9, 2024	1,000 (A)	± 3.1%	44%	44%	2%	−	0%	0%	10%[v]
		756 (LV)	± 4.1%	47%	46%	2%	−	0%	0%	6%[w]
Roanoke College[41]	August 12–16, 2024	691 (LV)	± 4.5%	45%	42%	6%	2%	0%	2%	3%[d]
	July 21, 2024	Joe Biden announces his official withdrawal from the race; Kamala Harris declares her candidacy for president.
New York Times/Siena College[44]	July 9–12, 2024	661 (RV)	± 4.2%	41%	38%	9%	0%	1%	0%	11%
		661 (LV)	± 4.4%	43%	39%	7%	0%	1%	0%	10%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Kamala Harris Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert Kennedy Jr Independent	Other / Undecided
	July 21, 2024	Joe Biden announces his official withdrawal from the race; Kamala Harris declares her candidacy for president.
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[43]	July 14–15, 2024	301 (RV)	–	40%	41%	7%	12%[l]
		265 (LV)		41%	45%	5%	9%[x]
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[43]	July 12–13, 2024	617 (RV)	± 3.9%	41%	37%	10%	12%
		544 (LV)	± 3.9%	43%	38%	10%	9%

Hypothetical polling with Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein vs. Chase Oliver

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other / Undecided
Emerson College[42]	July 14–15, 2024	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	45%	12%
				50%[f]	50%	–
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[43]	July 14–15, 2024	301 (RV)	–	41%	44%	15%[k]
		265 (LV)		44%	44%	12%[x]
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[43]	July 12–13, 2024	617 (RV)	± 3.9%	45%	41%	14%
		544 (LV)	± 3.9%	47%	42%	11%
New York Times/Siena College[44]	July 9–12, 2024	661 (RV)	± 4.2%	46%	44%	10%
		661 (LV)	± 4.4%	48%	45%	7%
SoCal Strategies (R)[45][F]	July 6–11, 2024	1,000 (RV)	± 2.1%	47%	44%	9%
Fox News[51]	June 1–4, 2024	1,107 (RV)	± 3.0%	48%	48%	4%
Roanoke College[52]	May 12–21, 2024	711 (LV)	± 4.2%	42%	42%	16%
McLaughlin & Associates (R)[53][G]	April 29 – May 1, 2024	800 (LV)	± 3.4%	48%	44%	8%
Fabrizio Ward (R)/Impact Research (D)[54][H]	April 26–28, 2024	500 (RV)	± 4.4%	43%	42%	16%
John Zogby Strategies[55][I]	April 13–21, 2024	586 (LV)	–	45%	45%	10%
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[56]	February 29 – March 3, 2024	394 (RV)	–	47%	42%	11%[y]
		368 (LV)		47%	43%	10%[z]
Roanoke College[57]	February 11–19, 2024	705 (A)	± 4.6%	47%	43%	10%
Virginia Commonwealth University[58]	December 28, 2023 – January 13, 2024	812 (A)	± 5.4%	43%	40%	17%
Mason-Dixon[59]	December 15–19, 2023	625 (RV)	± 4.0%	49%	43%	8%
Roanoke College[60]	November 12–20, 2023	686 (A)	± 4.3%	48%	44%	8%
Change Research (D)/Future Majority (D)[61]	September 16–19, 2023	1,437 (RV)	–	47%	42%	11%
Research America Inc.[62][E]	September 5–11, 2023	1,000 (A)	± 3.0%	37%	37%	26%
Roanoke College[63]	August 6–15, 2023	702 (A)	± 4.2%	51%	42%	17%
Virginia Commonwealth University[64]	July 14–25, 2023	804 (A)	± 5.4%	43%	40%	17%
Roanoke College[65]	May 14–23, 2023	678 (A)	± 4.4%	54%	38%	8%
Public Opinion Strategies (R)[66]	May 7–9, 2023	500 (LV)	–	48%	41%	11%
Roanoke College[67]	February 12–21, 2023	590 (RV)	± 4.2%	47%	46%	6%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert Kennedy Jr Independent	Cornel West Independent	Jill Stein Green	Other / Undecided
Emerson College[42]	July 14–15, 2024	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	38%	43%	8%	2%	2%	7%
New York Times/Siena College[44]	July 9–12, 2024	661 (RV)	± 4.2%	38%	36%	9%	0%	2%	15%
		661 (LV)	± 4.4%	40%	38%	7%	0%	2%	13%
Virginia Commonwealth University[68]	June 24 – July 3, 2024	809 (A)	± 4.8%	36%	39%	9%	1%	2%	13%[aa]
Fox News[51]	June 1–4, 2024	1,107 (RV)	± 3.0%	42%	41%	9%	2%	2%	4%
Roanoke College[52]	May 12–21, 2024	711 (LV)	± 4.2%	40%	38%	8%	1%	3%	10%
McLaughlin & Associates (R)[53][G]	April 29 – May 1, 2024	800 (LV)	± 3.4%	40%	37%	8%	1%	2%	12%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Robert Kennedy Jr Independent	Other / Undecided
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[43]	July 14–15, 2024	301 (RV)	–	40%	40%	5%	15%[ab]
		265 (LV)		43%	42%	4%	11%[ac]
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[43]	July 12–13, 2024	617 (RV)	± 3.9%	41%	38%	11%	10%
		544 (LV)	± 3.9%	42%	39%	10%	9%
co/efficient (R)[69]	June 11–12, 2024	851 (LV)	± 3.4%	41%	41%	7%	11%
Mason-Dixon[59]	December 15–19, 2023	625 (RV)	± 4.0%	42%	36%	14%	8%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Cornel West Independent	Other / Undecided
Change Research (D)/Future Majority (D)[61]	September 16–19, 2023	1,437 (RV)	–	40%	39%	7%	14%
				37%	37%	5%	21%[ad]

Hypothetical polling with Joe Biden and Donald Trump

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Other / Undecided
John Zogby Strategies[55][I]	April 13–21, 2024	586 (LV)	–	42%	47%	11%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Donald Trump Republican	Other / Undecided
John Zogby Strategies[55][I]	April 13–21, 2024	586 (LV)	–	43%	41%	16%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Nikki Haley Republican	Other / Undecided
Roanoke College[57]	February 11–19, 2024	705 (A)	± 4.6%	40%	49%	11%
Virginia Commonwealth University[58]	December 28, 2023 – January 13, 2024	812 (A)	± 5.4%	38%	43%	19%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Ron DeSantis Republican	Other / Undecided
Virginia Commonwealth University[58]	December 28, 2023 – January 13, 2024	812 (A)	± 5.4%	42%	39%	19%
Research America Inc.[62][E]	September 5–11, 2023	1,000 (A)	± 3.0%	39%	30%	31%
Virginia Commonwealth University[64]	July 14–25, 2023	804 (A)	± 5.46%	41%	41%	18%
Public Opinion Strategies (R)[66]	May 7–9, 2023	500 (LV)	–	44%	44%	12%
Roanoke College[67]	February 12–21, 2023	590 (RV)	± 4.2%	43%	48%	8%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Glenn Youngkin Republican	Other / Undecided
Research America Inc.[62][E]	September 5–11, 2023	1,000 (A)	± 3.0%	37%	34%	29%
Virginia Commonwealth University[64]	July 14–25, 2023	804 (A)	± 5.46%	37%	44%	19%
Roanoke College[67]	February 12–21, 2023	590 (RV)	± 4.2%	39%	55%	6%

Hypothetical polling with other candidates

Joe Biden vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Donald Trump

Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley

Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis

Joe Biden vs. Glenn Youngkin

Results

2024 United States presidential election in Virginia^[70]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Kamala Harris Tim Walz	2,335,395	51.83	−2.28
	Republican	Donald Trump JD Vance	2,075,085	46.05	+2.05
	Green	Jill Stein Butch Ware	34,888	0.77	New
	Libertarian	Chase Oliver Mike ter Maat	19,814	0.44	−1.01
	Independent	Cornel West Melina Abdullah	8,984	0.20	New
	Socialism and Liberation	Claudia De la Cruz[ae] Karina Garcia	8,410	0.19	New
	Write-in		23,365	0.52	+0.08
Turnout			4,505,951
Total votes			4,505,951	100.00

By city and county

County/City	Kamala Harris Democratic		Donald Trump Republican		Various candidates Other parties		Margin		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Accomack	7,374	42.93%	9,659	56.24%	143	0.83%	-2,285	-13.31%	17,176
Albemarle	44,279	65.87%	21,513	32.00%	1,432	2.13%	22,766	33.87%	67,224
Alexandria	62,326	77.04%	16,112	19.91%	2,466	3.05%	46,214	57.13%	80,904
Alleghany	2,114	25.49%	6,093	73.47%	86	1.04%	-3,979	-47.98%	8,293
Amelia	2,214	27.51%	5,776	71.76%	59	0.73%	-3,562	-44.25%	8,049
Amherst	5,429	31.28%	11,742	67.65%	187	1.08%	-6,313	-36.37%	17,358
Appomattox	2,324	24.00%	7,243	74.79%	118	1.22%	-4,919	-50.79%	9,685
Arlington	100,446	77.53%	25,223	19.47%	3,892	3.00%	75,223	58.06%	129,561
Augusta	11,403	25.67%	32,429	73.01%	585	1.32%	-21,026	-47.34%	44,417
Bath	588	22.76%	1,976	76.50%	19	0.74%	-1,388	-53.74%	2,583
Bedford	12,414	24.30%	38,017	74.42%	650	1.27%	-25,603	-50.12%	51,081
Bland	524	14.74%	2,998	84.33%	33	0.93%	-2,474	-69.59%	3,555
Botetourt	5,915	26.91%	15,796	71.87%	267	1.21%	-9,881	-44.96%	21,978
Bristol	2,231	29.79%	5,197	69.39%	62	0.83%	-2,966	-39.60%	7,490
Brunswick	4,184	53.98%	3,523	45.45%	44	0.57%	661	8.53%	7,751
Buchanan	1,355	14.51%	7,939	85.03%	43	0.46%	-6,584	-70.52%	9,337
Buckingham	2,988	37.70%	4,847	61.16%	90	1.14%	-1,859	-23.46%	7,925
Buena Vista	767	26.75%	2,035	70.98%	65	2.27%	-1,268	-44.23%	2,867
Campbell	7,890	25.22%	23,032	73.62%	365	1.17%	-15,142	-48.40%	31,287
Caroline	7,957	44.96%	9,511	53.74%	230	1.30%	-1,554	-8.78%	17,698
Carroll	2,925	18.06%	13,152	81.19%	123	0.76%	-10,227	-63.13%	16,200
Charles City	2,384	54.77%	1,917	44.04%	52	1.19%	467	10.73%	4,353
Charlotte	2,008	33.36%	3,963	65.83%	49	0.81%	-1,955	-32.47%	6,020
Charlottesville	19,435	82.94%	3,428	14.63%	571	2.44%	16,007	68.31%	23,434
Chesapeake	65,399	51.09%	60,550	47.30%	2,052	1.60%	4,849	3.79%	128,001
Chesterfield	112,869	53.59%	94,030	44.64%	3,729	1.77%	18,839	8.95%	210,628
Clarke	3,993	40.58%	5,641	57.33%	205	2.08%	-1,648	-16.75%	9,839
Colonial Heights	2,982	33.27%	5,883	65.63%	99	1.10%	-2,901	-32.36%	8,964
Covington	818	32.98%	1,642	66.21%	20	0.81%	-824	-33.23%	2,480
Craig	542	17.29%	2,562	81.72%	31	0.99%	-2,020	-64.43%	3,135
Culpeper	10,557	36.81%	17,685	61.67%	437	1.52%	-7,128	-24.86%	28,679
Cumberland	2,117	38.48%	3,335	60.63%	49	0.89%	-1,218	-22.15%	5,501
Danville	10,615	59.93%	6,894	38.92%	203	1.15%	3,721	21.01%	17,712
Dickenson	1,316	18.64%	5,701	80.75%	43	0.61%	-4,385	-62.11%	7,060
Dinwiddie	5,942	38.06%	9,549	61.17%	120	0.77%	-3,607	-23.11%	15,611
Emporia	1,419	65.12%	744	34.14%	16	0.73%	675	30.98%	2,179
Essex	2,775	45.69%	3,245	53.42%	54	0.89%	-470	-7.73%	6,074
Fairfax	386,438	65.56%	181,895	30.86%	21,094	3.58%	204,543	34.70%	589,427
Fairfax City	8,797	64.84%	4,302	31.71%	468	3.45%	4,495	33.13%	13,567
Falls Church	7,200	79.45%	1,620	17.88%	242	2.67%	5,580	61.57%	9,062
Fauquier	17,180	38.38%	26,825	59.92%	763	1.70%	-9,645	-21.54%	44,768
Floyd	2,968	30.71%	6,551	67.77%	147	1.52%	-3,583	-37.06%	9,666
Fluvanna	7,731	46.17%	8,777	52.42%	235	1.40%	-1,046	-6.25%	16,743
Franklin	8,321	26.82%	22,319	71.95%	380	1.23%	-13,998	-45.13%	31,020
Franklin City	2,359	60.69%	1,476	37.97%	52	1.34%	883	22.72%	3,887
Frederick	18,331	35.07%	33,117	63.37%	815	1.56%	-14,786	-28.30%	52,263
Fredericksburg	8,760	64.52%	4,480	32.99%	338	2.49%	4,280	31.53%	13,578
Galax	753	27.67%	1,946	71.52%	22	0.81%	-1,193	-43.85%	2,721
Giles	2,069	22.34%	7,102	76.67%	92	0.99%	-5,033	-54.33%	9,263
Gloucester	7,034	30.28%	15,918	68.53%	276	1.19%	-8,884	-38.25%	23,228
Goochland	7,875	39.89%	11,521	58.36%	346	1.75%	-3,646	-18.47%	19,742
Grayson	1,503	18.51%	6,544	80.60%	72	0.89%	-5,041	-62.09%	8,119
Greene	4,456	36.81%	7,432	61.39%	218	1.80%	-2,976	-24.58%	12,106
Greensville	2,334	54.24%	1,936	44.99%	33	0.77%	398	9.25%	4,303
Halifax	6,984	39.08%	10,741	60.10%	146	0.82%	-3,757	-21.02%	17,871
Hampton	43,357	69.01%	18,383	29.26%	1,083	1.72%	24,974	39.75%	62,823
Hanover	26,733	36.42%	45,569	62.08%	1,102	1.50%	-18,836	-25.66%	73,404
Harrisonburg	10,641	61.40%	6,266	36.15%	425	2.45%	4,375	25.25%	17,332
Henrico	115,040	63.39%	62,882	34.65%	3,567	1.97%	52,158	28.74%	181,489
Henry	8,457	33.20%	16,800	65.95%	217	0.85%	-8,343	-32.75%	25,474
Highland	416	27.10%	1,095	71.34%	24	1.56%	-679	-44.24%	1,535
Hopewell	5,078	56.26%	3,838	42.52%	110	1.22%	1,240	13.74%	9,026
Isle of Wight	9,779	39.49%	14,659	59.20%	324	1.31%	-4,880	-19.71%	24,762
James City	26,742	52.16%	23,575	45.98%	957	1.87%	3,167	6.18%	51,274
King and Queen	1,536	36.68%	2,608	62.27%	44	1.05%	-1,072	-25.59%	4,188
King George	5,657	36.65%	9,500	61.54%	280	1.81%	-3,843	-24.89%	15,437
King William	3,388	29.25%	8,080	69.76%	115	0.99%	-4,692	-40.51%	11,583
Lancaster	3,355	45.88%	3,866	52.86%	92	1.26%	-511	-6.98%	7,313
Lee	1,391	13.74%	8,674	85.69%	57	0.56%	-7,283	-71.95%	10,122
Lexington	1,795	62.00%	1,030	35.58%	70	2.42%	765	26.42%	2,895
Loudoun	129,280	56.28%	92,107	40.10%	8,305	3.62%	37,173	16.18%	229,692
Louisa	8,779	36.36%	15,084	62.48%	281	1.16%	-6,305	-26.12%	24,144
Lunenburg	2,253	38.28%	3,594	61.07%	38	0.65%	-1,341	-22.79%	5,885
Lynchburg	16,664	45.01%	19,574	52.87%	785	2.12%	-2,910	-7.86%	37,023
Madison	2,700	31.84%	5,671	66.88%	109	1.29%	-2,971	-35.04%	8,480
Manassas	9,048	56.20%	6,670	41.43%	382	2.37%	2,378	14.77%	16,100
Manassas Park	3,506	58.46%	2,314	38.59%	177	2.95%	1,192	19.87%	5,997
Martinsville	3,435	60.55%	2,155	37.99%	83	1.46%	1,280	22.56%	5,673
Mathews	1,774	29.84%	4,106	69.07%	65	1.09%	-2,332	-39.23%	5,945
Mecklenburg	6,404	39.28%	9,791	60.05%	109	0.67%	-3,387	-20.77%	16,304
Middlesex	2,473	35.80%	4,357	63.08%	77	1.11%	-1,884	-27.28%	6,907
Montgomery	23,811	50.60%	22,179	47.14%	1,063	2.26%	1,632	3.46%	47,053
Nelson	4,298	45.58%	5,004	53.06%	128	1.36%	-706	-7.48%	9,430
New Kent	5,641	33.56%	10,974	65.29%	192	1.14%	-5,333	-31.73%	16,807
Newport News	48,169	63.46%	26,385	34.76%	1,355	1.79%	21,784	28.70%	75,909
Norfolk	59,941	69.69%	24,377	28.34%	1,691	1.97%	35,564	41.35%	86,009
Northampton	3,603	52.55%	3,183	46.43%	70	1.02%	420	6.12%	6,856
Northumberland	3,202	38.90%	4,938	59.99%	92	1.12%	-1,736	-21.09%	8,232
Norton	458	27.86%	1,174	71.41%	12	0.73%	-716	-43.55%	1,644
Nottoway	2,636	38.38%	4,168	60.68%	65	0.95%	-1,532	-22.30%	6,869
Orange	8,274	37.02%	13,764	61.58%	315	1.41%	-5,490	-24.56%	22,353
Page	2,976	22.46%	10,123	76.39%	152	1.15%	-7,147	-53.93%	13,251
Patrick	1,886	19.41%	7,746	79.70%	87	0.90%	-5,860	-60.29%	9,719
Petersburg	11,219	85.52%	1,702	12.97%	198	1.51%	9,517	72.55%	13,119
Pittsylvania	9,599	28.10%	24,310	71.17%	247	0.72%	-14,711	-43.07%	34,156
Poquoson	2,119	26.27%	5,800	71.92%	146	1.81%	-3,681	-45.65%	8,065
Portsmouth	28,306	68.45%	12,370	29.91%	677	1.64%	15,936	38.54%	41,353
Powhatan	5,734	27.42%	14,918	71.33%	262	1.25%	-9,184	-43.91%	20,914
Prince Edward	4,539	47.98%	4,782	50.55%	139	1.47%	-243	-2.57%	9,460
Prince George	6,842	38.80%	10,590	60.06%	201	1.14%	-3,748	-21.26%	17,633
Prince William	131,128	57.33%	90,203	39.44%	7,381	3.23%	40,925	17.89%	228,712
Pulaski	4,830	27.22%	12,732	71.75%	182	1.03%	-7,902	-44.53%	17,744
Radford	3,231	49.08%	3,197	48.56%	155	2.35%	34	0.52%	6,583
Rappahannock	2,041	40.30%	2,943	58.10%	81	1.60%	-902	-17.80%	5,065
Richmond	1,439	34.52%	2,697	64.71%	32	0.77%	-1,258	-30.19%	4,168
Richmond City	88,710	81.59%	17,041	15.67%	2,980	2.74%	71,669	65.92%	108,731
Roanoke	21,693	38.03%	34,453	60.39%	902	1.58%	-12,760	-22.36%	57,048
Roanoke City	25,737	60.82%	15,787	37.31%	790	1.87%	9,950	23.51%	42,314
Rockbridge	4,160	32.43%	8,468	66.01%	200	1.56%	-4,308	-33.58%	12,828
Rockingham	15,035	30.78%	33,033	67.62%	785	1.61%	-17,998	-36.84%	48,853
Russell	2,172	16.03%	11,303	83.44%	72	0.53%	-9,131	-67.41%	13,547
Salem	5,237	39.65%	7,769	58.82%	201	1.52%	-2,532	-19.17%	13,207
Scott	1,607	14.51%	9,392	84.79%	78	0.70%	-7,785	-70.28%	11,077
Shenandoah	6,914	28.23%	17,215	70.30%	360	1.47%	-10,301	-42.07%	24,489
Smyth	2,805	19.39%	11,521	79.63%	142	0.98%	-8,716	-60.24%	14,468
Southampton	3,626	36.79%	6,133	62.23%	97	0.98%	-2,507	-25.44%	9,856
Spotsylvania	35,747	44.96%	42,531	53.49%	1,236	1.55%	-6,784	-8.53%	79,514
Stafford	41,252	49.38%	40,590	48.59%	1,697	2.03%	662	0.79%	83,539
Staunton	7,592	55.72%	5,778	42.40%	256	1.88%	1,814	13.32%	13,626
Suffolk	30,597	57.14%	22,112	41.30%	836	1.56%	8,485	15.84%	53,545
Surry	2,176	49.00%	2,205	49.65%	60	1.35%	-29	-0.65%	4,441
Sussex	2,539	51.82%	2,322	47.39%	39	0.80%	217	4.43%	4,900
Tazewell	3,030	15.22%	16,711	83.95%	165	0.83%	-13,681	-68.73%	19,906
Virginia Beach	115,412	50.45%	109,375	47.81%	3,984	1.74%	6,037	2.64%	228,771
Warren	6,910	30.47%	15,400	67.90%	369	1.63%	-8,490	-37.43%	22,679
Washington	6,772	22.94%	22,455	76.07%	291	0.99%	-15,683	-53.13%	29,518
Waynesboro	5,240	46.29%	5,882	51.97%	197	1.74%	-642	-5.68%	11,319
Westmoreland	4,491	42.34%	6,003	56.59%	113	1.07%	-1,512	-14.25%	10,607
Williamsburg	5,613	71.10%	2,119	26.84%	162	2.05%	3,494	44.26%	7,894
Winchester	6,407	53.87%	5,252	44.16%	235	1.98%	1,155	9.71%	11,894
Wise	3,036	18.06%	13,655	81.22%	121	0.72%	-10,619	-63.16%	16,812
Wythe	3,075	19.87%	12,267	79.27%	133	0.86%	-9,192	-59.40%	15,475
York	18,296	46.03%	20,722	52.13%	731	1.84%	-2,426	-6.10%	39,749
Totals	2,335,395	51.83%	2,075,085	46.05%	95,461	2.12%	260,310	5.78%	4,505,941

Swing by county and independent city

Legend

•   Democratic — +2.5-5%
•   Democratic — +0-2.5%
•   Republican — +0-2.5%
•   Republican — +2.5-5%
•   Republican — +5-7.5%
•   Republican — +7.5-10%
•   Republican — +10-12.5%
•   Republican — +12.5-15%

County and independent city flips

Legend

• Democratic   Hold

  Republican   Hold   Gain from Democratic

Counties and independent cities that flipped from Democratic to Republican

• Lynchburg (independent city)
• Prince Edward (largest municipality: Farmville)
• Surry (largest municipality: Claremont)

By congressional district

Harris won 6 of 11 congressional districts.^[71]

District	Harris	Trump	Representative
1st	46.66%	51.58%	Rob Wittman
2nd	49.06%	49.33%	Jen Kiggans
3rd	66.40%	31.84%	Bobby Scott
4th	65.41%	32.82%	Jennifer McClellan
5th	43.17%	55.40%	Bob Good (118th Congress)
			John McGuire (119th Congress)
6th	37.70%	61.71%	Ben Cline
7th	50.29%	47.44%	Abigail Spanberger (118th Congress)
			Eugene Vindman (119th Congress)
8th	73.04%	23.76%	Don Beyer
9th	25.48%	71.67%	Morgan Griffith
10th	52.59%	44.28%	Jennifer Wexton (118th Congress)
			Suhas Subramanyam (119th Congress)
11th	65.18%	31.18%	Gerry Connolly

By legislative district

• 
  State Senate district results
• 
  State House of Delegates district results

Analysis

Despite losing, Trump made notable gains across much of the Commonwealth, particularly in the Northern and Southside regions of Virginia.^[72] He reclaimed Lynchburg City, flipped Prince Edward County, which hadn't voted Republican in a presidential election since 2000, and also flipped Surry County, which last supported a Republican presidential candidate in 1972. Harris, by contrast, did not flip any counties or independent cities in Virginia. This is the first time since 1924 that the state voted for a Democrat that lost the popular vote.

See also

• 2024 Virginia elections
• United States presidential elections in Virginia
• 2024 United States presidential election
• 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
• 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
• 2024 United States elections

Notes

1. Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
2. Key:
   A – all adults
   RV – registered voters
   LV – likely voters
   V – unclear
3. "Other" with 4%
4. "Someone else" with 3%
5. "Someone else" with 1%
6. With voters who lean towards a given candidate
7. "Other candidate" with 3%; "None/Would not vote" with 2%; "Refused" with 1%
8. "Other candidate" with 3%; "Refused" with 1%
9. "Would not vote" with 1%
10. "Someone else" with 8%. "Refused" and "Undecided" with 1% each
11. "Another candidate" with 5%
12. "Another candidate" with 4%
13. "Other" with 1%
14. "Someone else" with 1.6%
15. Claudia De La Cruz (PSL) with 0%
16. "Some other candidate" with 2%
17. "Wouldn't vote" with 4%; "Refused" with 3%; "Someone else" with 1%
18. "Refused" with 3%; "Wouldn't vote" with 2%; "Someone else" with 1%
19. Claudia De la Cruz (PSL) with 1%; "Would not vote" with 1%
20. "Wouldn't vote" with 6%; "Refused" with 2%; "Someone else" with 1%
21. "Wouldn't vote" with 3%; "Refused" with 2%; "Someone else" with 1%
22. "Other candidate" with 2%; "None/Would not vote" with 2%; "Refused" with 1%
23. "Other candidate" with 2%; "Refused" with 1%
24. "Another candidate" with 3%
25. "Another candidate" with 8%
26. "Another candidate" with 6%
27. "Undecided" with 6%; "Wouldn't vote" with 3%; "Someone else" & "Refused" with 2%
28. "Another candidate" with 2%
29. "Another candidate" with 1%
30. Joe Manchin with 7%
31. Listed on the ballot without party affiliation.

1. Poll sponsored by American Thinker
2. Poll sponsored by TrendingPolitics
3. Poll sponsored by The Washington Post & the Schar School of Policy and Government
4. Poll sponsored by WAVY-TV, WRIC-TV, WFXR-TV, & WDCW-TV
5. Poll sponsored by the Center for Leadership and Media Studies at the University of Mary Washington
6. Poll sponsored by On Point Politics
7. Poll sponsored by Trump's campaign
8. Poll sponsored by Virginians Against Neighborhood Slot Machines
9. Poll conducted for Kennedy's campaign

References

1. "Virginia Democratic Primary Election Results". The New York Times. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
2. "Virginia Republican Primary Election Results". The New York Times. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
3. Gamboa, Suzanne (August 23, 2024). "A Virginia voter roll purge sparks renewed rhetoric over 'non-citizens' casting ballots". NBC News. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
4. Mirshahi, Dean (August 8, 2024). "Youngkin's election security order gets Trump's praise and Democratic criticism". WRIC. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
5. Ward, Jasper (October 11, 2024). "Justice Dept sues Virginia for violating federal election law". Reuters. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
6. Lim, Clarissa-Jan (October 25, 2024). "Justice Department sues Virginia for its voter purge over nonexistent 'noncitizen voting'". MSNBC. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
7. Sneed, Tierney (October 27, 2024). "Appeals court keeps Virginia voter purge program blocked, setting up Supreme Court fight". CNN. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
8. Lo Wang, Hansi (October 25, 2024). "A judge orders Virginia to restore registered voters purged too close to Election Day". NPR. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
9. Quinn, Melissa (October 30, 2024). "Supreme Court clears way for Virginia to remove 1,600 alleged noncitizens from voter rolls - CBS News". CBS News. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
10. Joffe-Block, Jude (October 30, 2024). "U.S. citizens are among the voters removed in Virginia's controversial purge". Morning Edition. NPR.
11. "Supreme Court's conservative justices allow Virginia to resume its purge of voter registrations". AP News. October 30, 2024. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
12. "2024 CPR Electoral College Ratings". cookpolitical.com. Cook Political Report. December 19, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
13. "Presidential Ratings". insideelections.com. Inside Elections.
14. "2024 Electoral College ratings". centerforpolitics.org. University of Virginia Center for Politics. June 29, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
15. "Trump v Harris: The Economist's presidential election prediction model". The Economist. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
16. "2024 Presidential Forecast". projects.cnalysis.com/. CNalysis. December 30, 2023. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
17. "Electoral College map 2024: Road to 270". CNN. August 18, 2024. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
18. Morris, G. Elliott (June 11, 2024). "2024 Election Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
19. "Presidential Election Preview 2024". NBC News.
20. "2024 Presidential Election Polls". YouGov.
21. "2024 Presidential Forecast". Split Ticket. June 2, 2023.
22. 270ToWin
23. 538
24. Silver Bulletin
25. The Hill/DDHQ
26. "Atlas Poll - US Key States - November 4, 2024" (PDF). AtlasIntel. November 4, 2024.
27. Canseco, Mario (November 4, 2024). "Battleground States Remain Closely Contested in U.S. Race". Research Co.
28. Allis, Victor (October 29, 2024). "Harris With Smaller Lead in Virginia". ActiVote.
29. "Election 2024: Harris 48%, Trump 46% in Virginia; Cruz +4 in Texas". Rasmussen Reports. October 28, 2024.
30. "2024 presidential vote preferences by state". Cooperative Election Study. October 29, 2024.
31. "New Virginia 2024 Poll: Harris Holds Slight Edge Over Trump". Quantus Insights. October 25, 2024.
32. "Washington Post-Schar School poll" (PDF). The Washington Post. Retrieved October 26, 2024.
33. "Harris Leads Trump by 11 points Among Virginia Likely Voters; Kaine Leads Cao by 20 points in U.S. Senate Contest". Christopher Newport University Wason Center for Civic Leadership. October 7, 2024.
34. "September 2024 Virginia Poll: Harris 52%, Trump 44%". Emerson College Polling. September 26, 2024.
35. Easley, Cameron; Yokley, Eli (September 9, 2024). "Tracking the 2024 Election: State by State". Morning Consult.
36. "Election 2024: Trump +3 in N.C, Harris +3 in Virginia, Tied in Michigan". Rasmussen Reports. September 27, 2024.
37. Allis, Victor (September 18, 2024). "Harris Has Double Digit Lead in Virginia". ActiVote.
38. "UMW Center for Leadership and Media Studies Survey Zooms in on Presidential Election in Virginia". University of Mary Washington. September 20, 2024.
39. Schneider, Gregory; Vozzella, Laura; Clement, Scott; Guskin, Emily (September 10, 2024). "Harris leads among Virginia voters, Post-Schar School poll finds". The Washington Post.
40. "Analysis of the 2024 General Election Survey in Virginia". Substack. August 23, 2024.
41. "Roanoke College Poll: Harris holds slim lead over Trump in Virginia". Roanoke College. August 20, 2024.
42. Mumford, Camille (July 18, 2024). "Virginia 2024 Poll: Trump 45%, Biden 43%". Emerson Polling.
43. "Small Trump Bump Post-Assassination Attempt, New Poll Shows". FAU Polling. July 17, 2024.
44. Nagourney, Adam; Igielnik, Ruth (July 15, 2024). "Biden Facing Challenges in Two Must-Win States, Times/Siena Polls Find". The New York Times.
45. "On Point Politics/SoCal Research Old Dominion State Survey". Google Docs. July 11, 2024.
46. "Virginia Presidential Survey" (PDF). Chism Strategies. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
47. Shucard, Ryan (November 1, 2024). "Virginia Poll: Harris Flatlines as Trump Gains Ground Among Non-College Voters". Cygnal. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
48. "Roanoke College Poll: Final poll before 2024 Elections". Roanoke College. November 1, 2024.
49. "Kamala Harris' edge over Donald Trump slips slightly as she leads 43% to 37% in Virginia". Google Drive. October 2, 2024.
50. "September 2024 Wilder School Commonwealth Poll". Google Drive. September 11, 2024.
51. Balara, Victoria (June 6, 2024). "Fox News Poll: Biden, Trump in a dead heat in Virginia". Fox News.
52. "Roanoke College Poll: Biden and Trump tied in Virginia". Roanoke College. May 29, 2024.
53. McLaughlin, John (May 6, 2024). "Minnesota & Virginia Are Clearly In Play & Prime Opportunities to Flip for Donald Trump". X.
54. "New Poll Shows Strong Opposition to Legalizing Skill Games". Virginians Against Neighborhood Slot Machines. May 11, 2024.
55. "Biden Is the Real Spoiler, Kennedy Only Candidate Who Can Beat Trump". Kennedy24. May 1, 2024.
56. "Mainstreet Research Survey - Super Tuesday States" (PDF). FAU Polling. March 4, 2024.
57. "Roanoke College Poll: Virginians weigh in ahead of Super Tuesday". Roanoke College. March 1, 2024.
58. "92% of those familiar with VCU Health development deal want answers from the VCU Health System board" (PDF). FiveThirtyEight. January 22, 2024.
59. Cain, Andrew (January 5, 2024). "Biden leads Trump in Virginia in potential rematch, poll says". Richmond Times-Dispatch.
60. "Roanoke College Poll: Virginians have mixed opinions on direction of Virginia and the nation". Roanoke College. November 30, 2023.
61. "Pulse of the Nation Report - Voter Attitudes and Concerns Driven by High Costs" (PDF). Future Majority. October 11, 2023.
62. Marvashti, Lisa Chinn (September 29, 2023). "Statewide Survey Considers 2024 Biden, Trump Presidential Rematch". University of Mary Washington.
63. "Latest Roanoke College Poll looks at opinions of Virginians on political issues". Roanoke College. August 29, 2023.
64. "August 2023 Commonwealth Poll Press Release". Google Docs. August 3, 2023.
65. "Roanoke College Poll: Political anxiety is up among Virginians". Roanoke College. June 6, 2023.
66. "DeSantis is tied with Biden in Virginia and within striking distance of the President in three other '24 "reach" states. Trump is poised to lose these four states for a third time". X. May 12, 2023.
67. "Roanoke College Poll looks at top issues in Virginia". Roanoke College. March 2, 2023.
68. Schneider, Gregory (July 15, 2024). "VCU poll shows Trump ahead in Virginia as support for Biden wanes". The Washington Post.
69. Plummer, Kate (June 14, 2024). "Joe Biden Suffers Shock Poll in State Democrats Have Not Lost in 20 years". Newsweek.
70. "2024 November General Official Results". Virginia Department of Elections. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
71. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/13OwY9FYKHM72i5DDMG_cNxz7pYoDPFjCQD1T44-D_hA/htmlview#
72. "Virginia Presidential Election Results". The New York Times. November 5, 2024. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 19, 2024.