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The 1660s decade ran from 1 January 1660, to 31 December 1669.
1660
January–March
- January 1
- At daybreak, English Army Colonel George Monck, with two brigades of troops from his Scottish occupational force, fords the River Tweed at Coldstream in Scotland to cross the Anglo-Scottish border at Northumberland, with a mission of advancing toward London to end military rule of England by General John Lambert and to accomplish the English Restoration, the return of the monarchy to England. By the end of the day, he and his soldiers have gone 15 mi (24 km) through knee-deep snow to Wooler while the advance guard of cavalry had covered 50 mi (80 km) to reach Morpeth.[1][2]
- At the same time, rebels within the New Model Army under the command of Colonel Thomas Fairfax take control of York and await the arrival of Monck's troops.[3]
- Samuel Pepys, a 36-year-old member of the Parliament of England, begins keeping a diary that later provides a detailed insight into daily life and events in 17th century England. He continues until May 31, 1669, when worsening eyesight leads him to quit. .[4] Pepys starts with a preliminary note, "Blessed be God, at the end of the last year I was in very good health, without any sense of my old pain but upon taking of cold. I lived in Axe-yard, having my wife and servant Jane, and no more in family than us three." For his first note on "January 1. 1659/60 Lords-day", he notes "This morning (we lying lately in the garret) I rose, put on my suit with great skirts, having not lately worn any other clothes but them," followed by recounting his attendance at the Exeter-house church in London.[5]
- January 6 – The Rump Parliament passes a resolution requesting Colonel Monck to come to London "as speedily as he could", followed by a resolution of approval on January 12 and a vote of thanks and annual payment of 1,000 pounds sterling for his lifetime on January 16.[6]
- January 11 – Colonel Monck and Colonel Fairfax rendezvous at York and then prepare to proceed southward toward London. gathering deserters from Lambert's army along the way.[3]
- January 16 – With 4,000 infantry and 1,800 cavalry ("an army sufficient to overawe, without exciting suspicion"),[6] Colonel Monck marches southward toward Nottingham, with a final destination of London. Colonel Thomas Morgan is dispatched back to Scotland with two regiments of cavalry to reinforce troops there.
- January 31 – The Rump Parliament confirms the promotion of Colonel George Monck to the rank of General and he receives the commission of rank while at St Albans.[1]
- February 3 – General George Monck, at the head of his troops, enters London on horseback, accompanied by his principal officers and the commissioners of the Rump Parliament. Bells ring as they pass but the crowds in the streets are unenthusiastic and the troops are "astonished at meeting with so different a reception to that which they had received elsewhere during their march.".[6][7]
- February 13 – Charles XI becomes king of Sweden at the age of five, upon the death of his father, Charles X Gustavus.
- February 26 – The Rump Parliament, under pressure from General Monck, votes to call back all of the surviving members of the group of 231 MPs who had been removed from the House of Commons in 1648 so that the Long Parliament can be reassembled long enough for a full Parliament to approve elections for a new legislative body.[3]
- February 27 – John Thurloe is reinstated as England's Secretary of State, having been deprived of his offices late in the previous year.
- March 3 – General John Lambert, who had attempted to stop the Restoration, is arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London. He escapes on April 9 but is recaptured on April 24. Though spared the death penalty for treason in 1662, he remains incarcerated on the island of Guernsey for the rest of his life until his death at age 64 on March 1, 1684.[8]
- March 16 – The Long Parliament, after having been reassembled for the first time in more than 11 years, votes for its own dissolution and calls for new elections for what will become the Convention Parliament to make the return from republic to monarchy.[3]
- March 31 – The war in the West Indies between the indigenous Carib people, and the French Jesuits and English people who have colonized the islands, is ended with a treaty signed at Basse-Terre at Guadeloupe at the residence of the French Governor, Charles Houël du Petit Pré.[9]
April–June
- April 2 – The Merces baronets, a British nobility title is created.[10]
- April 4 – The Declaration of Breda, signed by Charles Stuart, son of the late King Charles I of England, promises amnesty, freedom of conscience, and army back pay, in return for support for the English Restoration.[7] The Declaration is read to the new parliament on May 1.[3]
- April 25 – The Convention Parliament, a new House of Commons for England, freely elected with no requirement for candidates to swear loyalty to the Commonwealth of England, assembles in London to work out the restoration of the monarchy.[3]
- May 1 – The Convention Parliament votes to welcome the Declaration of Breda and unanimously approves a resolution for England declaring that "according to the ancient and fundamental laws of this kingdom, the Government is, and ought to be, by Kings, Lords and Commons."[3]
- May 3 – In the Treaty of Oliva, peace is made between the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Habsburgs and Brandenburg-Prussia.
- May 8 – In exile in the Netherlands, Prince Charles Stuart receives word that the Parliament of England has declared his elevation to the throne as King Charles II of England.[11]
- May 14 – The Irish Parliament declares Charles to be King of Ireland.
- May 15 – John Thurloe is arrested for high treason, for his support of Oliver Cromwell's regime.
- May 23 – With the way cleared for his return to England, King Charles II ends his exile at the Hague in the Netherlands and departs from Scheveningen harbor on the English ship Naseby, renamed for the occasion HMS Royal Charles , as part of a fleet of English warships brought by Admiral Edward Montagu.[11] On commemorative memorabilia in the Netherlands, the date of Charles's departure is listed as June 2, 1660, the date on the Gregorian calendar used in continental Europe but not in England.
- May 25 – King Charles II lands at Dover.[11][12]
- May 27
- The Treaty of Copenhagen is signed, marking the conclusion of the Second Northern War. Sweden returns Trøndelag to Norway, and Bornholm to Denmark.
- William Morice takes office as the first Secretary of State for the Northern Department in Great Britain, with responsibility for conducting foreign relations with the Netherlands, Scandinavia, Poland, Russia, and the Holy Roman Empire. Relations with France, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, the Italian states, and the Ottoman Empire are assigned to the Secretary of State for the Southern Department.[13] The position will eventually evolve into the office of the Foreign Secretary.[14]
- May 29 – King Charles II of England arrives in London and assumes the throne, marking the beginning of the English Restoration.[7]
- June 1
- The office of Secretary of State for the Southern Department begins operations in the Kingdom of Great Britain, with responsibility for the colonies of British America in what will later become Canada and the United States, as well as for Ireland and for the Channel Islands.[13] Sir Edward Nicholas, a former British Secretary of State, takes office as the first Southern Department secretary.
- Mary Dyer is hanged for defying a law banning Quakers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
- June 29 – John Thurloe is released from custody.
July–September
- July 13 – (Ashadh Vadya 1 of Shaka 1582) The Battle of Pavan Khind takes place in India when a 600-member contingent of the Maratha Empire army, commanded by Baji Prabhu Deshpande, works to rescue Maratha General Shivaji, who had escaped the night before from the fort of Panhala, which was under siege by the Adilshah Sultanate. The Bijapur Sultanate, commanded by Siddi Masud with a force of 10,000 men, loses 5,000 in a fight against a vastly outnumbered contingent of Adilshah.[15]
- July 24 – The Great Fire of 1660 begins in Constantinople, capital of the Ottoman Empire (now Istanbul in Turkey, and destroys two-thirds of the city over two consecutive days, consuming 280,000 buildings and killing 40,000 people.[16]
- July – Richard Cromwell, the last Lord Protector of England during its years as a republic, leaves the British Isles quietly and goes into exile in France, taking on an alias as "John Clarke".[17]
- August 19 – Dr Edward Stanley preaches a sermon in the nave of Winchester Cathedral, to commemorate the return of the Chapter, following the English Restoration.
- August 29 – The Indemnity and Oblivion Act, officially "An Act of Free and General Pardon, Indemnity, and Oblivion" is given royal assent.[18] as a general pardon for everyone who had committed crimes during the English Civil War and Interregnum (with the exception of certain crimes such as murder, piracy, buggery, rape and witchcraft, and people named in the act such as those involved in the regicide of Charles I). It also said that no action was to be taken against those involved at any later time, and that the Interregnum was to be legally forgotten.
- September 1 – Grigore I Ghica becomes the new Prince of Wallachia (now in Romania)
- September 14 – The 13-day long Battle of Lyubar begins at Liubar (now in Ukraine) during the Russo-Polish War between soldiers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russia and ends with a victory by Poland.
- September 16 – Juan Francisco Leiva y de la Cerda arrives in Mexico City as the new Viceroy of New Spain.
- September 25 – Samuel Pepys has his first cup of tea (an event recorded in his diary).[4]
October–December
- October 13 – The Rigsraad (High Council) of Denmark is abolished and Denmark-Norway becomes an absolute monarchy as King Frederik III is recognized by the nobility as being entitled to have his throne passed to his descendants by hereditary monarchy.[19][20]
- October 13 to October 19 – Ten of the 57 "regicides" who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England in 1649 are executed over a period of one week, mostly at Charing Cross by being hanged, drawn and quartered, a process which includes being disemboweled (in some cases before they have died) and then and burned. The first to die is Thomas Harrison, a leader of the Fifth Monarchists. He is followed by John Carew (October 15); John Cook and Hugh Peter (October 16); (Adrian Scrope, John Moore, Gregory Clement and Thomas Scot) (October 17); and Daniel Axtell and Francis Hacker (October 19).
- November 28 – At Gresham College in London, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray meet after a lecture by Wren, and decide to found "a College for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning" (later known as the Royal Society).
- December 8 – The first English actress appears on the professional stage in England in a non-singing role, as Desdemona in Othello at Vere Street Theatre in London, following the reopening of the theatres (various opinions have been advanced that the actress was Margaret Hughes, Anne Marshall or Katherine Corey).[21][22][23] Historian Elizabeth Howe notes, however, that both William Davenant and Thomas Killigrew had women in their acting companies before 1660, and that Anne Marshall might be just one of the first rather than the actual first.[24]
- December 15 – Andres Malong, a native chieftain of the town of Binalatongan (now San Carlos) in the Philippines, leads a successful revolt against the Spanish colonial administrators to liberate Pangasinan.[25] He is proclaimed the King of Pangasinan, but the rebellion is suppressed on January 17, 1661,[25] and Pangasinan is reconquered by February.
- December 18 – The Company of the Royal Adventurers into Africa, planned by Prince James, brother of King Charles II to capture persons along the coast of West Africa for resale as slaves, receives its charter. Prince James, later King James II, had started asking for investors (at 250 pounds sterling per share) starting on October 3, 1660.[26]
- December 29 – The Convention Parliament is dissolved by King Charles II and elections are called for what will be called the Cavalier Parliament.[3]
Date unknown
- Blaise Pascal's Lettres provinciales, a defense of the Jansenist Antoine Arnauld, is ordered to be shredded and burned by King Louis XIV of France.
- The Expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique is carried out by French occupying forces.
- Hopkins School is founded in New Haven, Connecticut.
- A permanent standing army is established in Prussia.
1660
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- January 2 – Francis Hutchinson, Irish bishop (d. 1739)
- January 14 – Joseph Boyse, Presbyterian minister (d. 1728)
- January 27 – Felice Cignani, Italian painter (d. 1724)
- January – Hippolyte Hélyot, French historian (d. 1716)
- February 13 – Johann Sigismund Kusser, German composer (d. 1727)
- February 19 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (d. 1742)
- February 20 – Leonhard Dientzenhofer, German architect (d. 1707)
- February 24 – John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl (d. 1724)
- March 5 – George Stanhope, Dean of Canterbury (d. 1728)
- March 9 – Franz Joseph Feuchtmayer, German sculptor (d. 1718)
- March 12 – Zofia Czarnkowska Opalińska, mother-in-law of King Stanislaus I of Poland (d. 1701)
- March 15 – Olof Rudbeck the Younger, Swedish scientist and explorer (d. 1740)
- March 24 – Filippo Antonio Gualterio, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1728)
- March 25 – Samuel Crellius, Arian philosopher and theologian (d. 1747)
- March 28 – Arnold Houbraken, Dutch painter (d. 1719)
- April 6 – Johann Kuhnau, German composer, organist and harpsichordist (d. 1722)
- April 16 – Hans Sloane, British physician (d. 1753)
- April 19 – Sebastián Durón, Spanish composer (d. 1716)
- April 24 – Cornelis Dusart, Dutch painter (d. 1704)
- By May – Anne Killigrew, English poet and painter (d. 1685)
- May 2 – Alessandro Scarlatti, Italian composer (d. 1725)
- May 5 – David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven, British politician (d. 1728)
- May 20 – Andreas Schlüter, German sculptor (d. 1714)
- June 3 – Johannes Schenck, Dutch musician and composer (d. 1712)
- June 5 – Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, British aristocrat (d. 1744)
- June 7 – King George I of Great Britain (d. 1727)
- June 17 – Jan van Mieris, Dutch painter (d. 1690)
- July 24 – Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, English politician (d. 1718)
- July 27 – Johann Patkul, Livonian nobleman, politician (d. 1707)
- August 2 – Luis Francisco de la Cerda, Spanish noble, politician (d. 1711)
- August 11 – Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth of England (d. 1686)
- August 17 – Sir Richard Bulkeley, 2nd Baronet of England (d. 1710)
- August 21 – Hubert Gautier, French engineer (d. 1737)
- August 27
- Robert Wroth, British politician (d. 1720)
- Claude-François Fraguier, French churchman, writer (d. 1728)
- September 2 – Louis Chéron, French painter (d. 1725)
- September 25 – Willem Verschuring, Dutch painter (d. 1726)
- September 26 – George William, Duke of Liegnitz (d. 1675)
- September – Daniel Defoe, English writer (d. 1731)
- October 20 – Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman (d.1723)
- October 21 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German physician and chemist (d. 1734)
- October 22 – Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (d. 1661)
- October 30
- Albrecht Konrad Finck von Finckenstein, German general (d. 1735)
- Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (d. 1731)
- November 4
- Albert Angell, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1705)
- Samuel Russell, Minister of Branford, Yale co-founder (d. 1731)
- November 7 – Ferdinand Johann Adam von Pernau, Austrian ornithologist (d. 1731)
- November 11 – Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1711)
- November 15 – Hermann von der Hardt, German historian (d. 1746)
- November 20 – Daniel Ernst Jablonski, Czech bishop (d. 1741)
- November 22 – Franz Karl of Auersperg, Prince of Auersperg, Duke of Münsterberg (1705–1713) (d. 1713)
- November 28 – Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (d. 1690)
- November 30 – Victor-Marie d'Estrées, Marshal of France (d. 1737)
- December – Massimo Santoro Tubito, Italian priest and writer (d. unknown)
- December 4 – André Campra, French composer (d. 1744)
- December 18 – Countess Johanna Magdalene of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German countess (d. 1715)
- December 25 – Charles Somerset, Marquess of Worcester, English politician (d. 1698)
- December 26 – Peter Schenk the Elder, German engraver and cartographer (d. 1711)
- December 27 – Veronica Giuliani, Italian Capuchin mystic (d. 1727)
- date unknown
- Chen Shu, Chinese painter (d. 1736)
- Johann Joseph Fux, Austrian composer (d. 1741)
- Jeanne Dumée, French astronomer (d. 1706)
- Thomas Southerne, Irish playwright (d. 1746)
1661
- January 15 – James Barry, Irish politician (d. 1725)
- January 21 – Peter Le Neve, English herald and antiquary (d. 1729)
- January 22 – Joseph Fleuriau d'Armenonville, French politician (d. 1728)
- January 25 – Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten, German general (d. 1728)
- January 25 – Antonio I, Prince of Monaco, Monegasque prince (d. 1731)
- January 30 – Charles Rollin, French historian (d. 1741)
- February 12 – Daniel d'Auger de Subercase, French naval officer, governor of Newfoundland (d. 1732)
- February 20 – William Digby, 5th Baron Digby, English politician, baron (d. 1752)
- February 24 – Alexandre-François Desportes, French painter (d. 1743)
- February 25 – Anne Lennard, Countess of Sussex, English Countess (d. 1721)
- February 28 – Tripo Kokolja, Venetian painter (d. 1713)
- March 19 – Francesco Gasparini, Italian composer and teacher (d. 1727)
- March 25 – Paul de Rapin, French historian (d. 1725)
- April 11 – Antoine Coypel, French painter (d. 1722)
- April 13 – Jacques L'enfant, French Protestant pastor (d. 1728)
- April 14 – Sir Thomas Molyneux, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (d. 1733)
- April 16 – Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, English poet and statesman (d. 1715)
- April 21 – Georg Joseph Kamel, Jesuit missionary and botanist (d. 1706)
- April 23 – Issachar Berend Lehmann, German-Jewish banker, Court Jew in Hanover (d. 1730)
- April 30 – Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti (d. 1685)
- May 3 – Antonio Vallisneri, Italian scientist (d. 1730)
- May 7 – Sophie Marie of Hesse-Darmstadt, only Duchess by marriage of Saxe-Eisenberg (d. 1712)
- May 7 – George Clarke, English politician, architect (d. 1736)
- May 25 – Claude Buffier, French philosopher and historian (d. 1737)
- June 1 – Louis Bartholomew Załuski, Polish cardinal, Auxiliary Bishop of Przemysl (d. 1721)
- June 1 – Gaspard Rigaud, French painter (d. 1705)
- June 6 – Giacomo Antonio Perti, Italian composer (d. 1756)
- June 9 – Tsar Feodor III of Russia (d. 1682)[119]
- June 24 – Hachisuka Tsunanori, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Tokushima Domain (d. 1730)
- July 7 – Henri, Duke of Elbeuf, member of the House of Lorraine (d. 1748)
- July 11 – Charles, Prince of Commercy, French field marshal (d. 1702)
- July 15 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (d. 1706)
- July 29 – Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach, German prince (d. 1708)
- July 31 – Ignaz Agricola, German historian (d. 1729)
- August 8 – Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg, German aristocrat and general (d. 1747)
- August 11 – William Churchill, English politician (d. 1737)
- August 15 – King Sukjong of Joseon (d. 1720)
- August 22 – Joseph Sheffield, Colonial Rhode Island Attorney General (d. 1706)
- August 31
- Philippe Emanuel, Prince of Hornes (d. 1718)
- Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath, English diplomat (d. 1701)
- September 2 – Georg Böhm, German composer and organist (d. 1733)
- September 2 – Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (d. 1738)
- September 7 – Gunno Dahlstierna, Swedish poet (d. 1709)
- September 23 – Christiana Oxenstierna, Swedish noble (d. 1701)
- September 28 – Mehr-un-Nissa, daughter of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his concubine Aurangabadi Mahal (d. 1706)
- October 1 – Sir Matthew Dudley, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1721)
- October 4 – Jean-Paul Le Gardeur, French explorer, New France soldier (d. 1738)
- October 6 – William Dunbar, Scottish bishop (d. 1746)
- October 11 – Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat and cardinal (d. 1742)
- October 22 – Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, English noblewoman, fourth of six children of Henry Cavendish (d. 1717)
- October 27 – Fyodor Apraksin, Russian admiral (d. 1728)
- November 1
- Florent Carton Dancourt, French dramatist and actor (d. 1725)
- Louis, Grand Dauphin, eldest son and heir of Louis XIV of France (d. 1711)[120]
- November 4 – Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (d. 1742)
- November 6 – King Charles II of Spain (d. 1700)[121]
- November 13 – Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz, consort of Duke Christian II of Saxe-Merseburg (d. 1720)
- November 15 – Christoph von Graffenried, Swiss settler in America (d. 1743)
- November 15 – Henri, Count of Brionne, French noble (d. 1713)
- November 18 – Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel, daughter of William VI (d. 1683)
- November 28 – Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German noblewomen (d. 1705)
- November 28 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon, British Governor of New York and New Jersey (d. 1723)
- December 3 – Nathaniel Gould, English politician (d. 1728)
- December 5 – Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, English statesman (d. 1724)
- December 8 – Kenneth Mackenzie, 4th Earl of Seaforth, Scottish Jacobite nobleman (d. 1701)
- December 18 – Christopher Polhem, Swedish scientist and inventor (d. 1751)
- date unknown – Rijkuo-Maja, Sámi noaidi (d. 1757)
1662
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- January 1 – Balaji Vishwanath, Peshwa of the Maratha Empire (d. 1720)
- January 4 – Jeanne Le Ber, religious recluse in New France (d. 1714)
- January 6 – Robert Sutton, 2nd Baron Lexinton, English diplomat (d. 1723)
- January 9 – John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, England (d. 1711)
- January 12 – Samuel Shute, Governor of Massachusetts Bay and New Hampshire (d. 1742)
- January 17 – Françoise Pitel, French actor (d. 1721)
- January 25 – Luís da Cunha, Ambassador of Portugal (d. 1749)
- January 27 – Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (d. 1742)
- February 9 – Paolo de Matteis, Italian painter (d. 1728)
- February 15 – James Renwick, Scottish minister and Covenanter martyr (d. 1688)
- March 1 – Giovanni Carlo Aliberti, Italian painter (d. 1740)
- March 8 – Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1731)
- March 9 – Franz Anton von Sporck, German noble (d. 1738)
- March 10 – Francis Pierrepont, English politician (d. 1693)
- March 15 – Gabriel Álvarez de Toledo, Royal Librarian of King Felipe V of Spain (d. 1714)
- March 19 – Johann, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (d. 1698)
- March 20 – Giuseppe Averani, Italian jurist and naturalist (d. 1738)
- March 29 – Tsarevna Feodosia Alekseyevna of Russia, daughter of Tsar Alexis of Russia (d. 1713)
- April 9
- William Conolly, Irish politician (d. 1729)
- Edward Hawarden, English Catholic theologian (d. 1735)
- April 11 – Countess Louise Sophie of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1751)
- April 13 – Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach, Electress of Saxony (d. 1696)
- April 26
- Francisco Bances Candamo, Spanish playwright (d. 1704)
- Marie Louise d'Orléans, queen consort of Spain (d. 1689)
- April 30 – Mary II of England, Scotland and Ireland, queen regnant (d. 1694)[122]
- May 3 – Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann, German architect (d. 1737)
- May 18 – George Smalridge, English Bishop of Bristol (d. 1719)
- June 3 – Willem van Mieris, Dutch painter (d. 1747)
- June 6 – Mannus Riedesel, German architect (d. 1726)
- June 7 – Celia Fiennes, English travel writer (d. 1741)[123]
- June 11 – Tokugawa Ienobu, Japanese Edo shōgun (d. 1712)
- June 18 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, illegitimate son of Charles II of England, courtier (d. 1730)
- July 1
- Béatrice Hiéronyme de Lorraine, Abbess of Remiremont (d. 1738)
- John Dolben, English politician (d. 1710)
- July 11 – Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1726)
- July 20 – Andrea Brustolon, Italian artist (d. 1732)
- August 3 – Countess Sophie Henriette of Waldeck, Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (d. 1702)
- August 5 – James Anderson, Scottish historian (d. 1728)
- August 10 – Charles Boit, Swedish enameller, miniature painter (d. 1727)
- August 13 – Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, English politician (d. 1748)
- August 25 – John Leverett the Younger, Massachusetts colonial judge; president of Harvard (d. 1724)
- August 28 – Maria Aurora von Königsmarck, Swedish noblewoman of Brandenburg extraction (d. 1728)
- August 29 – Sebastiano Mocenigo, Doge of Venice (d. 1732)
- September 1 – Louis de Carrières, French priest and Bible commentator (d. 1717)
- September 19 – Jean-Paul Bignon, French priest and man of letters (d. 1743)
- October 3 – Alessandro, Marquis de Maffei, Italian Lieutenant General of Infantry in Bavarian service (d. 1730)
- October 6 – William Walsh, English poet, correspondent and British Member of Parliament (d. 1708)
- October 14 – William Fairfield, Massachusetts Speaker of the House of Deputies (d. 1742)
- October 17 – Arthur Rawdon, English Member of Parliament (d. 1695)
- October 18 – Matthew Henry, English Bible commentator, Presbyterian minister (d. 1714)
- October 19 – William Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1728)
- November 2 – Johan Cronman, Swedish general (d. 1737)
- November 7 – Pierre Fatio, Swiss politician (d. 1707)
- November 11
- John Chesshyre, English lawyer (d. 1738)
- Alexander Pendarves, English politician (d. 1726)
- November 12 – Francesco Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1738)
- November 19 – John Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland, Scottish politician (d. 1752)
- November 29 – Heinrich X, Count of Reuss-Ebersdorf (d. 1711)
- November 30 – Luis Antonio Belluga y Moncada, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1743)
- December 13 – Francesco Bianchini, Italian philosopher and scientist (d. 1729)
- December 17 – Samuel Wesley, English poet, father of the Wesley brothers (d. 1735)
- December 18 – James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry, Scottish politician (d. 1711)
- December 24 – Adam Zrinski, Croatian count and military officer (d. 1691)
1663
- January 13 – Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge, British politician (d. 1743)
- January 19 – Nicholas Trott, colonial magistrate, South Carolina Chief Justice (d. 1740)
- January 20 – Luca Carlevarijs, Italian painter (d. 1730)
- January 26 – Francis Barrell, English politician (d. 1724)
- January 27 – George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington, English Royal Navy admiral (d. 1733)
- February 1 – Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, Filipino religious sister (d. 1748)
- February 4 – Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield, English peer (d. 1716)
- February 12 – Cotton Mather, American theologian (d. 1728)
- February 22 – Louis Bossuet, French parlementaire (d. 1742)
- February 25 – Pierre Antoine Motteux, French-born English dramatist (d. 1718)
- March 3 – Nicolas Siret, French composer, organist and harpsichordist (d. 1754)
- March 6 – Francis Atterbury, British bishop (d. 1732)
- March 7 – Tomaso Antonio Vitali, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1745)
- March 16 – Jean-Baptiste Matho, French composer (d. 1743)
- March 18 – Johann Martin Steindorff, German composer (d. 1744)
- March 22 – August Hermann Francke, German Lutheran clergyman, philanthropist, Biblical scholar (d. 1727)
- March 25 – Félix Le Pelletier de La Houssaye (d. 1723)
- March 27 – Johann Andreas Eisenbarth, German surgeon (d. 1727)
- March 28 – Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. 1713)
- March 29 – Harry Mordaunt, British politician (d. 1720)
- April 7 – Filippo II Colonna, Italian noble (d. 1714)
- April 10 – Francisco de Berganza, Italian Benedictine monk (d. 1738)
- April 14 – August David zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein, Prussian politician (d. 1735)
- April 16 – Alexander Sigismund von der Pfalz-Neuburg, German Catholic bishop (d. 1737)
- May 1 – Giacomo Parolini, Italian painter (d. 1733)
- May 2 – Joseph de Gallifet, French Jesuit priest (d. 1749)
- May 8 – Lord James Murray, Scottish Member of Parliament (d. 1719)
- May 17
- Rosine Elisabeth Menthe, morganatic wife of Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1701)
- Sir William Glynne, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1721)
- May 20 – William Bradford, English-born printer in North America (d. 1752)
- May 25 – Johann Dientzenhofer, German architect (d. 1726)
- May 28 – António Manoel de Vilhena, Portuguese Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (d. 1736)
- June 2 – Anne-Marguerite Petit du Noyer, French journalist (d. 1719)
- June 8 – Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Swillington, British politician (d. 1729)
- June 24 – Jean Baptiste Massillon, French Catholic bishop, famous preacher (d. 1742)
- July 1 – Franz Xaver Murschhauser, German composer and theorist (d. 1738)
- July 11 – James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, British prince (d. 1667)
- July 15 – Sir John Cropley, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1713)
- July 26 – Peter Hohmann, Edler of Hohenthal, Leipzig merchant and town councillor, raised to nobility (d. 1732)
- August 9 – Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany (d. 1713)
- August 18 – Catherine Repond, alleged Swiss witch (d. 1731)
- August 24 – Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, fifth patroon in New Netherland (d. 1719)
- August 31 – Guillaume Amontons, French scientific instrument inventor and physicist (d. 1705)
- September 1 – Jean Boivin the Younger, French writer (d. 1726)
- September 16 – Johann Josua Mosengel, German organ builder (d. 1731)
- September 20
- Pirro Albergati, Italian composer (d. 1735)
- Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d. 1735)
- Louis-François Duplessis de Mornay, Catholic bishop of Quebec (d. 1741)
- September 25 – Johann Nikolaus Hanff, German composer and organist (d. 1711)
- September 28 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton (d. 1690)
- October 3 – Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen, German philosopher (d. 1727)
- October 9
- Francis Xavier Schmalzgrueber, German canon law jurist (d. 1735)
- Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni, Italian critic and poet (d. 1728)
- October 15 – Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield, English politician, earl (d. 1702)
- October 17 – Diego de Astorga y Céspedes, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1734)
- October 18 – Prince Eugene of Savoy, Austrian field marshal (d. 1736)
- October 23 – Margravine Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach, duchess by marriage of Württemberg-Winnental (d. 1724)
- October 24 – Stephen Delancey, major colonial New York figure (d. 1741)
- November 13 – Árni Magnússon, Icelandic scholar and manuscript collector (d. 1730)
- November 14 – Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, German composer (d. 1712)
- November 17 – Marie Christine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, eldest legitimate child of Françoise-Athénaïs (d. 1675)
- November 25 – Jean-Frédéric Osterwald, Swiss Protestant pastor (d. 1747)
- November 29 – Sir Thomas Crosse, 1st Baronet, British aristocrat, politician (d. 1738)
- November 30 – Andrea Adami da Bolsena, Italian castrato (d. 1742)
- December 8 – Nathan Gold, deputy colonial governor of Connecticut (d. 1723)
- December 20 – Thomas Wilson, Bishop of Sodor and Man (d. 1755)
- December 24 – Ippolita Ludovisi, Princess of Piombino (1701 until her death) (d. 1733)
- December 27 – Johann Melchior Roos, German painter (d. 1731)
- December 31 – Carl Wilhelm Welser von Neunhof, German merchant, politician (d. 1711)
- Date unknown –
- William King, English poet (d. 1712)
- Delarivier Manley, English author (d. 1724)
- Antonio Zucchelli, Italian Franciscan capuchin friar, explorer and missionary (d. 1716)
1664
- January 1 – Alvise Pisani, 114th Doge of Venice (d. 1741)
- January 4 – Lars Roberg, Swedish physician (d. 1742)
- January 14
- Johann Jakob Schudt, German theologian (d. 1722)
- Simon van Slingelandt, Grand Pensionary of Holland (d. 1736)
- January 15 – Jean Meslier, French Catholic priest, later discovered to have promoted atheism (d. 1729)
- January 17 – Antonio Salvi, Italian poet (d. 1724)
- January 20 – Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina, Italian writer and jurist (d. 1718)
- January 24 – John Vanbrugh, English architect and dramatist (d. 1726)
- February 6 – Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1703)
- February 8 – William Seymour, British politician (d. 1728)
- February 13 – Teodor Andrzej Potocki, Polish noble (d. 1738)
- February 23 – Georg Dietrich Leyding, German composer and organist (d. 1710)
- February 24 (baptized) – Thomas Newcomen, English inventor (d. 1729)
- February 26 – Nicolas Fatio de Duillier, Swiss mathematician (d. 1753)
- March 4 – Juan de Esteyneffer, Moravian German lay Jesuit missionary sent to the New World (d. 1716)
- March 11 – Jørgen Otto Brockenhuus, Dano-Norwegian officer (d. 1728)
- March 12 – Moritz Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz (d. 1718)
- March 14 – Silvio Stampiglia, Italian poet and opera librettist (d. 1725)
- March 17 – Georg Österreich, German composer and music collector (d. 1735)
- March 20 – Johann Homann, German cartographer (d. 1724)
- April 5 – Élisabeth Thérèse de Lorraine, French noblewoman, Princess of Epinoy by marriage (d. 1748)
- April 6
- Arvid Horn, Swedish politician (d. 1742)
- Gustaf Cronhielm, Swedish politician (d. 1737)
- April 11 – Pierce Lewis, Welsh cleric who helped to "correct" the 1690 edition of the Welsh Bible (d. 1699)
- April 14 – Ulrik Adolf Holstein, Danish nobleman and statesman (d. 1737)
- April 30 – François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (d. 1709)
- May 6 – Bhai Bachittar Singh, Indian Sikh martyr (d. 1705)
- May 10 – Tørres Christensen, Norwegian merchant (d. 1721)
- May 20 – Andreas Schlüter, German architect and sculptor (d. 1714)
- May 30 – Giulio Alberoni, Italian cardinal and statesman (d. 1754)
- June 3 – Rachel Ruysch, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1750)
- June 7
- Edward Harley, English politician (d. 1735)
- Henry Dawnay, 2nd Viscount Downe, Irish peer (d. 1741)
- June 22 – Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1707)
- June 24 – François Pourfour du Petit, French anatomist, ophthalmologist and surgeon (d. 1741)
- June 28 – Nicolas Bernier, French composer (d. 1734)
- July 3 – James Stanley, 10th Earl of Derby, English politician (d. 1736)
- July 11 – James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater (d. 1730)
- July 16 – Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois (d. 1666)
- July 18 – Count Palatine Francis Louis of Neuburg, Hochmeister of the Teutonic Order (d. 1732)
- July 21 – Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat (d. 1721)
- August 2 – Philip Reinhard, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1712)
- August 4 – Louis Lully, French composer (d. 1734)
- August 12 – Magnus Stenbock, Swedish noble (d. 1717)
- August 20 – János Pálffy, Hungarian field marshal, Palatine (d. 1751)
- August 24
- Christen Thomesen Sehested, Danish admiral (d. 1736)
- Willem Adriaan van der Stel, Dutch colonial administrator (d. 1733)
- September 5
- Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield, illegitimate daughter of King Charles II of England (d. 1718)
- Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1742)
- Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, French duke (d. 1736)
- September 7
- Johann Georg von Eckhart, German historian (d. 1730)
- Thomas Morgan, English politician (d. 1700)
- September 9 – Johann Christoph Pez, German composer (d. 1716)
- September 14 – John Blackadder, Scottish soldier (d. 1729)
- September 18 – Anton Maria Maragliano, Italian artist (d. 1739)
- October 3 – Giuseppe Alberti, Italian painter (d. 1716)
- October 12 – Praskovia Saltykova, Russian tsarina (d. 1723)
- October 16 – Abraham Alewijn, Dutch playwright (d. 1721)
- October 18 – George Compton, 4th Earl of Northampton (d. 1727)
- October 27 – Thomas Johnson, English politician (d. 1728)
- October 31 – Sir Wilfrid Lawson, 2nd Baronet, of Isell, English politician (d. 1704)
- November 9
- Johann Speth, German composer (d. 1719)
- Henry Wharton, English writer (d. 1695)
- November 12 – Marie-Jeanne L'Héritier, French writer (d. 1734)
- November 16 – Louise Marie Thérèse, French Benedictine nun (d. 1732)
- November 18 – Charles of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1688)
- November 24 – Margherita Maria Farnese, Italian noblewoman (d. 1718)
- December 10 – John Williams, American clergy (d. 1729)
- December 13 – Countess Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen, German noblewoman (d. 1699)
- December 15 – Azim-ush-Shan, Mughal prince (d. 1712)
- December 17 – Henry Bayntun, English politician (d. 1691)
- December 26 – Johann Melchior Dinglinger, German goldsmith (d. 1731)
- date unknown – Johanna Dorothea Lindenaer, Dutch writer and agent (d. 1737)
- Catherine Jérémie, French-Canadian botanist (d. 1744)
- Maria Guyomar de Pinha, Siamese cook (d. 1728)
1665
- February 6 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain (d. 1714)[124]
- February 12 – Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (d. 1721)
- March 4 – Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, Swedish soldier (d. 1694)
- March 17 – Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, French harpsichordist and composer (d. 1729)
- April 19 – Jacques Lelong, French bibliographer (d. 1721)
- April 29 – James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman and soldier (d. 1745)
- June 4 – Zacharie Robutel de La Noue, Canadian soldier (d. 1733)
- July 2 – Samuel Penhallow, English-born American colonist, historian (d. 1726)
- August 21 – Giacomo F. Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer (d. 1729)
- August 27 – John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, English politician (d. 1751)
- December 25 – Lady Grizel Baillie, Scottish songwriter (d. 1746)
- December 28 – George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English general (d. 1716)
- date unknown – Ingeborg i Mjärhult, Swedish soothsayer (d. 1749)
1666
- February 1 – Marie Thérèse de Bourbon, Princess of Conti and titular queen of Poland (d. 1732)
- February 9 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier (d. 1737)
- March 15 – George Bähr, German architect (d. 1738)
- May 14 – Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (d. 1732)
- July 10 – John Ernest Grabe, German-born Anglican theologian (d. 1711)
- July 23 – Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield (d. 1732)
- August 4 – Maria Sophia of Neuburg, Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1699)
- August 13 – William Wotton, English scholar (d. 1727)
- September 5 – Gottfried Arnold, German church historian (d. 1714)
- September 6 – Tsar Ivan V of Russia (d. 1696)[125]
- November 12 – Mary Astell, English writer (d. 1731)
- December 22 – Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Guru of Sikhism, social reformist, poet, and revolutionary (d. 1708)
- date unknown –
- Arthur Chichester, 3rd Earl of Donegall (d. 1706)
- Mary Pix, English author (d. 1709)[126]
1667
- April 29 – John Arbuthnot, English physician and writer (d. 1735)
- May 26 – Abraham de Moivre, French mathematician (d. 1754)
- June 18 – Ivan Trubetskoy, Russian field marshal (d. 1750)
- July 2 – Pietro Ottoboni, Italian cardinal (d. 1740)
- July 27 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1748)
- August 11 – Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, last of the Medicis of Italy (d. 1743)
- September 5 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (d. 1733)
- September 28 – Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (d. 1701)
- November 2 – James Sobieski, Crown Prince of Poland (d. 1737)[127]
- November 5 – Christoph Ludwig Agricola, German painter (d. 1719)[128]
- November 30 – Jonathan Swift, Irish writer (d. 1745)[129]
- December 9 – William Whiston, English mathematician (d. 1752)
- December 25 – Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal and Munster (d. 1743)
- date unknown
- Yaoya Oshichi, Japanese girl burned at the stake for arson (d. 1683)
- Anna Colbjørnsdatter, Norwegian heroine (d. 1736)
- Beinta Broberg, notorious Faroese vicar's wife (d. 1752)
- Susanna Verbruggen, English actress (d. 1703)
- probable –
- Antonio Lotti, Italian composer (d. 1740)
- Susanna Centlivre, English actress and playwright (d. 1723)
1668
- May 8 – Alain-René Lesage, French writer (d. 1747)
- June 23 – Giambattista Vico, Italian philosopher and historian (d. 1744)
- July 21 – Frederick Heinrich of Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt (d. 1713)
- September 8 – Giorgio Baglivi, Armenian doctor and writer (d. 1707)
- October 18 – John George IV, Elector of Saxony (d. 1694)
- October 30 – Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, sister of King George I of Great Britain (d. 1705)
- November 10
- Louis III, Prince of Condé (d. 1710)
- François Couperin, French composer (d. 1733)
- November 11 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar (d. 1736)[130]
- November 27 – Henri François d'Aguesseau, Chancellor of France (d. 1751)
- November 30 – William August, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (d. 1671)
- December 11 – Apostolo Zeno, Italian poet and journalist (d. 1750)
- December 31 – Herman Boerhaave, Dutch humanist and physician (d. 1738)[131]
- date unknown – Stokkseyrar-Dísa, Icelandic Galdrmistress (d. 1728)
1669
.JPG)
- January 20 – Susanna Wesley, mother of the John and Charles Wesley, known as mother of Methodism (d. 1742)
- April 3 – Jean-Baptiste Forqueray, French musician (d. 1722)
- May 24 – Emerentia von Düben, Swedish royal favorite (d. 1743)
- May 26 – Sébastien Vaillant, French botanist (d. 1722)
- July 30 – Eudoxia Lopukhina, first wife of Peter I of Russia (d. 1731)
- August 27 – Anne Marie d'Orléans, Queen of Sicily and Sardinia (d. 1728)
- August 29 – John Anstis, English herald (d. 1744)
- October 19 – Count Wirich Philipp von Daun, Austrian military leader (d. 1741)
- December 16 – Arnold Boonen, Dutch portrait painter (d. 1729)
- date unknown
- Alessio Erardi, Maltese painter (d. 1727)[132]
- Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter (d. 1732)
- Elżbieta Sieniawska, politically influential Polish magnate (d. 1729)
- probable – Peter King, 1st Baron King, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1734)
1660
- January 16 – Peter Wtewael, Dutch painter (b. 1596)
- February 2
- Govert Flinck, Dutch painter (b. 1615)
- Gaston, Duke of Orléans, French politician (b. 1608)
- February 6 – Martin de Redin, Spanish 58th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1579)
- February 10 – Judith Leyster, Dutch painter (b. 1609)
- February 13 – King Charles X Gustav of Sweden (b. 1622)
- March – Philip Skippon, English soldier (b. c. 1600)
- March 5 – Felice Ficherelli, Italian painter (b. 1605)
- March 15 – Louise de Marillac, French co-founder of the Daughters of Charity (b. 1591)
- April 4 – Enno Louis, Prince of East Frisia, Frisian prince (b. 1632)
- April 6
- Giovanni Battista Hodierna, Italian astronomer (b. 1597)
- Michelangelo Cerquozzi, Italian painter (b. 1602)
- April 25 – Henry Hammond, English churchman (b. 1605)
- April 26 – Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, wife of George William (b. 1597)
- April 30 – Petrus Scriverius, Dutch writer (b. 1576)
- May 21 – Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, iconic figure in the history of New France (b. 1635)
- May 29
- Frans van Schooten, Dutch mathematician (b. 1615)
- George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare, Irish earl (b. 1612)
- June 1 – Mary Dyer, English Quaker (hanged) (b. c. 1611)
- June 2 – Annet de Clermont-Gessant, French 59th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1587)
- June 5 –Anne Holck, Danish noble and war heroine (b. 1602)
- June 7 – George II Rákóczi, Transylvanian ruler (b. 1621)
- June 8 – Lorentz Eichstadt, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1596)
- June 13 – Lady Katherine Ferrers, English aristocrat and heiress (b. 1634)
- June 30 – William Oughtred, English mathematician (b. 1575)
- July 7 – Anna of Pomerania, Duchess-Consort of Croy and Havré (b. 1590)
- August 2 – Agostino Mitelli, Italian painter (b. 1609)
- August 6 – Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (b. 1599)
- August 10 – Esmé Stewart, 2nd Duke of Richmond (b. 1649)
- August 14
- Maria Gonzaga, Duchess of Montferrat, Italian noble (b. 1609)
- William Lytton, Member of Parliament (b. 1586)
- August 31 – Johann Freinsheim, German classical scholar, critic (b. 1608)
- September 12 – Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist and politician (b. 1577)
- September 13 – Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester, son of Charles I (b. 1640)
- September 15 – John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1596)
- September 27 – Vincent de Paul, French saint (b. 1580)
- October 4 – Francesco Albani, Italian painter (b. 1578)
- October 6 – Paul Scarron, French writer (b. 1610)
- October 14 – Thomas Harrison, English soldier (b. 1616)
- October 17 – Adrian Scrope, English regicide (b. 1601)
- November 5
- Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, English socialite (b. 1599)
- Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1591)
- November 27 – John Finch, 1st Baron Finch, English judge (b. 1584)
- November 30 – Prince Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1591)
- December 1 – Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1592)
- December 22 – André Tacquet, Belgian mathematician (b. 1612)
- December 24 – Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (b. 1631)
- December 27 – Hervey Bagot, English politician (b. 1591)
- approximate – William Stone, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. c. 1603)
1661
.jpg)
- January 19 – Thomas Venner, English Fifth Monarchist (executed)[133]
- January 25 – John Hele, English politician (b. 1626)
- January 29 – Bartolomeo Gennari, Italian painter (b. 1594)
- February 2 – Lucas Holstenius, German humanist (b. 1596)
- February 5 – Shunzhi Emperor of China (b. 1638)
- February 7 – Shah Shuja, second son of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (b. 1616)
- March 1 – Richard Zouch, English jurist (b. 1590)
- March 9 – Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1602)
- March 23 – Pieter de Molijn, Dutch painter (b. 1595)
- April 4 – Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven, Scottish soldier(b. c. 1580)
- April 5 – John Webster, colonial settler and governor of Connecticut (b. 1590)
- April 7 – William Brereton, English soldier and politician (b. 1604)
- April 11 – Lady Mary Bankes, English defender of Corfe Castle (b. 1598)
- April 19 – Joachim Gersdorff, Danish politician (b. 1611)
- May 5 – Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (b. 1660)
- May 27 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, Scottish dissenter (beheaded) (b. 1607)
- June 3 – Gottfried Scheidt, German composer (b. 1593)
- June 6 – Martino Martini, Italian Jesuit missionary (b. 1614)
- June 11 – George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1626–1661) (b. 1605)
- June 13 – Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth, English politician (b. 1595)
- June 21 – Andrea Sacchi, Italian painter of High Baroque Classicism (b. 1599)
- July 7 – Adriaan Heereboord, Dutch philosopher (b. 1613)
- July 9 – Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (b. 1616)
- July 17 – Alonso Perez de Leon, Spanish conquistador, explorer, man of letters (b. 1608)
- August 6 – Marie Angélique Arnauld, French abbess of the Abbey of Port-Royal (b. 1591)
- August 7
- Benedetta Carlini, Italian mystic (b. 1590)
- Jin Shengtan, Chinese editor, writer and critic (b. 1608)
- August 16 – Thomas Fuller, English churchman and historian (b. 1608)
- August 18 – Robert Gordon of Straloch, Scottish cartographer (b. 1580)
- August 23 – Tokugawa Yorifusa, Japanese nobleman (b. 1603)
- September 7 – James Livingstone, 1st Viscount Kilsyth of Scotland (b. 1616)
- September 8 – Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden, English baron (b. 1588)
- September 11 – Jan Fyt, Flemish Baroque painter (b. 1611)
- October 4 – Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy, sister of Blaise Pascal (b. 1625)
- October 6 – Guru Har Rai, Sikh guru (b. 1630)
- October 9 – Sir John Norwich, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1613)
- October 15 – Jean de La Haye, French preacher and biblical scholar (b. 1593)
- October 25 – Lucas de Wael, Flemish painter (b. 1591)
- October 28
- Agustín Moreto y Cavana, Spanish playwright (b. 1618)
- Ottavio Amigoni, Italian painter (b. 1606)
- October 31 – Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (b. c. 1575)
- November 1 – Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias, heir apparent to the Spanish throne (b. 1657)
- November 2 – Daniel Seghers, Flemish Jesuit brother and painter (b. 1590)
- November 10 – Bernardino Spada, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1594)
- November 11 – David Ryckaert III, Flemish painter (b. 1612)
- November 19
- Lars Kagg, Swedish count and military officer (b. 1595)
- Brian Walton, English clergyman and scholar (b. 1600)
- December 7 – Ariana Nozeman, Dutch actress (b. ca. 1627)
- December 10 – Ottaviano Jannella, Italian sculptor (b. 1635)
- December 14 – Murad Bakhsh, Mughal prince (b. 1624)
- December 22 – Hoshina Masasada, Japanese daimyō (b. 1588)
- December 29 – Antoine Girard de Saint-Amant, French poet (b. 1594)
- date unknown – Jacomina de Witte, politically influential Dutch woman (b. 1582)
1662
_-_cropped.jpg)
- January 6 – Sir Francis Drake, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1617)
- January 10 – Honoré II, Prince of Monaco (b. 1597)
- January 13 – Christian Keymann, German hymnwriter (b. 1607)
- January 22 – Henry Lingen, English politician (b. 1612)
- January 23 – John Kemény, Prince of Transylvania (b. 1607)
- February 9 – Judith Quiney, English daughter of William Shakespeare (b. 1585)
- February 13
- Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia (b. 1596)[134]
- Carlo I Cybo-Malaspina, marquisate of Massa (b. 1581)
- February 21
- John Stawell, English Member of Parliament (b. 1600)
- Joris Jansen Rapelje, Early Dutch settler in colonial North America (b. 1604)
- February 23 – Johann Crüger, German composer of well-known hymns (b. 1598)
- March 10 – Samuel Hartlib, British scholar (b. 1600)
- March 17 – Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland (b. 1605)
- March 20 – François le Métel de Boisrobert, French poet (b. 1592)
- April 14 – William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele, English statesman (b. 1582)
- April 8
- Albert d'Orville, Jesuit priest and missionary, cartographer (b. 1621)
- Birgitte Thott, Danish scholar, writer and translator (b. 1610)
- April 22 – John Tradescant the Younger, English botanist (b. 1608)
- April 24 – Elizabeth Ribbing, Swedish noble (b. 1596)
- May 7 – Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana, Italian singer and composer (b. 1590)
- May 8 – Peter Heylin, English ecclesiastic and author of many polemical works (b. 1599)
- May 16 – John Ley, English priest (b. 1583)
- May 17
- Abraham de Fabert, Marshal of France (b. 1599)
- William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, German nobleman (b. 1598)
- May 18 – Adam Billaut, French poet, carpenter (b. 1602)
- May 23 – John Gauden, English bishop and writer (b. 1605)
- May 28 – Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge, Swedish field marshal (b. 1611)
- June 1 – Zhu Youlang, the 4th and last emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty of China (b. 1623)
- June 14 – Henry Vane the Younger, British Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1613)
- June 23 – Koxinga, Chinese military leader (b. 1624)
- June 29 – Pierre de Marca, French bishop and historian (b. 1594)
- July 3 – Pierre Chanut, French diplomat (b. 1601)
- July 12 – Louis Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, military leader in the Thirty Years' War (b. 1594)
- July 14 – Camilla Faà, secret wife of the Duke of Mantua (b. c. 1599)
- July 16 – Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena (b. 1634)
- July 30 – Klas Hansson Bjelkenstjerna, Swedish naval officer and civil servant (b. 1615)
- August 8 – Angelo Giori, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1586)
- August 14 – Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken, Swedish Princess (b. 1616)
- August 16 – Ignace Cotolendi, French bishop (b. 1630)
- August 19 – Blaise Pascal, French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (b. 1623)[135]
- September 3 – William Lenthall, English politician (b. 1591)
- September 21 – Adriaen van Stalbemt, Flemish Baroque painter (b. 1580)
- September 22 – John Biddle, English theologian (b. 1615)
- October 21 – Henry Lawes, English composer (b. 1595)
- October 29 – William Pynchon, English colonist and fur trader in North America (b. 1590)
- November 12 – Adriaen van de Venne, Dutch painter (b. 1589)
- November 15 – Hugh Audley, English lawyer and philosopher (b. 1577)
- November 20 – Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (b. 1614)
- December 3 – William Dugard, English printer (b. 1606)
- December 5 – Isidoro Bianchi, Italian painter (b. 1581)
- December 20 – Axel Lillie, Swedish politician (b. 1603)
- December 30 – Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria, regent of the Tyrol and Further Austria (b. 1628)
1663
- January 2 – Illiam Dhone, Manx politician (b. 1608)
- January 6 – George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich, English soldier, politician (b. 1585)
- January 22 – Giancarlo de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1611)
- January 29 – Robert Sanderson, English theologian and casuist (b. 1587)
- January 31 – John Spelman, English politician (b. 1606)
- February 19 – Adam Adami, German bishop, diplomat (b. 1603)
- March 13 – Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern (b. 1625)
- March 17 – Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland, English diplomat and landowner (b. 1605)
- March 20 – Biagio Marini, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1594)
- April 5 – John Norton, American divine (b. 1606)
- April 7 – Francis Cooke, English Mayflower Pilgrim (b. c. 1583)
- April 17 – David Questiers, Dutch poet (b. 1623)
- April 20 – Kjeld Stub, Danish priest (b. 1607)
- April 29 – Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy, duchess consort of Parma (b. 1635)
- May 3 – Johan Björnsson Printz, governor of New Sweden (b. 1592)
- May 6 – Johan van Rensselaer, Dutch noble (b. 1625)
- May 11 – Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville, Prince of France (b. 1595)
- March 20 – Selius Marselis, Dutch/Norwegian tradesman (b. 1600)
- May 30 – Jean Guyon, French colonist (b. 1592)
- June 4 – William Juxon, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1582)
- June 5 – Béatrix de Cusance, Frenc-Comtois noble woman (b. 1614)
- June 20 – Catherine Henriette de Bourbon, French noble (b. 1596)
- June 25 – John Bramhall, Archbishop of Armagh, Anglican controversialist (b. 1594)
- June 26 – John Alleyn, Cornish barrister (b. 1621)
- July 2 – Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (b. 1599)
- July 5 – Samuel Newman, colonial Massachusetts clergyman (b. 1602)
- July 7 – Thomas Baltzar, German violinist (b. c. 1631)
- July 13 – Sir Thomas Myddelton, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1624)
- July 16 – William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1637–1663) (b. 1629)
- July 20 – Samuel Stone, Connecticut Puritan minister (b. 1602)
- August 10 – Edward Convers, American settler (b. 1590)
- August 26 – Sir John Yonge, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1603)
- September 18 – Joseph of Cupertino, Italian saint (b. 1603)
- September 20 – Thomas Stucley (MP), English politician (b. 1620)
- September 27
- Christoffer Urne, Governor General of Norway (b. 1593)
- Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b. 1584)
- October 7 – Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgravine consort of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1634)
- October 13 – Susanna Margarete of Anhalt-Dessau, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1610)
- October 20 – Raphael Cotoner, Spanish 60th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1601)
- October 31 – Théophile Raynaud, French theologian (b. 1583)
- November 24 – Louis IV of Legnica, Duke of Oława and Brzeg (b. 1616)
- December 5 – Severo Bonini, Italian composer (b. 1582)
- December 17 – Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba (b. c. 1583)
- December 21
- Camillo Astalli, Italian cardinal (b. 1616)
- Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin, Scottish nobleman (b. 1599)
- December 27 – Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy (b. 1606)
- December 28 – Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian mathematician, physicist (b. 1618)
- date unknown – Chiara Varotari, Italian Baroque painter (b. 1584)
- date unknown – Bihari Lal, Indian Poet (b. 1595)
1664
- January 10 – Antoon Sanders, Dutch priest and historian (b. 1586)
- January 14 – Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans, French princess (b. 1648)
- January 27 – Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1649)
- January 30 – Cornelis de Graeff, Dutch mayor (b. 1599)
- February 16 – Sir John Trelawny, 1st Baronet, British baronet (b. 1592)
- February 20 – Corfitz Ulfeldt, Danish statesman (b. 1606)
- February 26 – Emmanuel Stupanus, Swiss physician (b. 1587)
- March 7 – Bernhard von Mallinckrodt, German bibliophile (b. 1591)
- March 16 – Ivan Vyhovsky, Ukrainian Cossack leader
- March 19 – Francisco de Araujo, Spanish theologian (b. 1580)
- March 30 – Guru Har Krishan, 8th Guru of Sikhism (b. 1656)
- March 31 – Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby, English defender of Latham House (b. 1599)[136]
- April 4 – Adam Willaerts, Dutch painter (b. 1577)
- April 24 – Silvius I Nimrod, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (b. 1622)
- May 19 – Elisabeth de Bourbon-Vendôme, French princess (b. 1614)
- May 21 – Elizabeth Poole, Puritan and business woman (b. c. 1599)
- June 1 – Michiel Sweerts, Flemish painter (b. 1618)
- June 2 – Henry II, Duke of Guise (b. 1614)
- June 22 – Katherine Philips, Anglo-Welsh poet (b. 1631)[137]
- July – Jan Janssonius, Dutch cartographer (b. 1588)
- July 4 – George III of Brieg, Duke of Brzeg (1633–1664) (b. 1611)
- July 15 – Abraham Ecchellensis, Lebanese Maronite philosopher (b. 1605)
- July 12 – Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (b. 1610)
- July 16 – Andreas Gryphius, German writer (b. 1616)[138]
- July 19 – Egbert van der Poel, Dutch painter (b. 1621)
- July 31 – Goschwin Nickel, Jesuit leader (b. 1582)
- August 3 – Jacopo Vignali, Italian painter (b. 1592)
- August 16 – Johannes Buxtorf II, Swiss theologian (b. 1599)
- August 23 – Jean Bagot, French theologian (b. 1591)
- August 24 – Maria Cunitz, Silesian astronomer (b. 1610)
- August 27 – Francisco de Zurbarán, Spanish painter (b. 1598)
- September 2 – Antoine de Laloubère, French Jesuit mathematician (b. 1600)
- October 31 – William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz, Dutch stadtholder (b. 1613)
- November 2 – George Ghica, Prince of Moldavia and Wallachia (b. 1600)
- November 17 – Nicolas Perrot d'Ablancourt, Translator (b. 1606)
- November 18 – Miklós Zrínyi, Croatian and Hungarian military leader, statesman (b. 1620)
- December 15 – Dietrich Reinkingk, German lawyer and politician (b. 1590)
- December 25 – Niccolò Ludovisi, Prince of Piombino (b. 1613)
- December 26 – Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar by marriage (b. 1602)
- date unknown – Gu Mei, politically influential Chinese Gējì, poet and painter (b. 1619)
1665
- January 1 – Christian William of Brandenburg, administrator of the bishoprics of Magdeburg and Halberstadt (b. 1587)
- January 4 – Herman Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (b. 1595)
- January 11 – Louise de La Fayette, French courtier, friend of King Louis XIII (b. 1618)[139]
- January 12 – Pierre de Fermat, French mathematician (b. 1607)[140]
- January 29 – Jeanne des Anges, French Ursuline nun in Loudun (b. 1602)
- January 31 – Johannes Clauberg, German theologian and philosopher (b. 1622)[141]
- March 1 – Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth, English baron and politician (b. 1612)
- March 11 – Clemente Tabone, Maltese landowner and militia member (b. c. 1575)[142]
- March 15 – Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1622)
- April 21 – Jean-Joseph Surin, French Jesuit writer (b. 1600)
- May 24 – Mary of Jesus of Ágreda, Franciscan abbess and spiritual writer (b. 1602)[143]
- May 31 – Pieter Jansz. Saenredam, Dutch painter (b. 1597)[144]
- June 3
- Charles Berkeley, 1st Earl of Falmouth, son of Charles Berkeley (b. 1630)
- James Ley, 3rd Earl of Marlborough, English nobleman, sailor, and mathematician (b. 1618)
- June 6 – George Christian, Prince of East Frisia, prince of Ostfriesland (b. 1634)
- June 13 – Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer, Dutch admiral (b. 1604)
- June 17 – Maria Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp, Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1634)
- June 25 – Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria, regent of Tyrol and Further Austria (b. 1630)[145]
- July 11 – Kenelm Digby, English privateer (b. 1603)[146]
- July 18 – Stefan Czarniecki, Polish general (b. 1599)[147]
- August 14 – Charles II, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, son of Charles of Gonzaga-Nevers of Rethel (b. 1629)
- August 28 – Elisabetta Sirani, Italian painter (b. 1638)[148]
- September 1 – Walter Erle, English politician (b. 1586)
- September 2 – Juan Alonso de Cuevas y Davalos, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Mexico and Antequera (b. 1590)
- September 12 – Jean Bolland, Flemish Jesuit writer (b. 1596)
- September 17 – King Philip IV of Spain (b. 1605)[149]
- September 25 – Maria Anna of Austria, Electress of Bavaria (b. 1610)
- October 22 – César, Duke of Vendôme, French nobleman (b. 1594)[150]
- November 1 – Sir John Perceval, 1st Baronet, Irish nobleman (b. 1629)
- November 10 – Samuel Capricornus, Czech composer (b. 1628)
- November 17 – John Earle (bishop), English bishop (b. 1601)
- November 19 – Nicolas Poussin, French painter (b. 1594)[151]
- November 20 – Julius Henry, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1586)
- November 24 – Simon Le Moyne, French missionary (b. 1604)
- December 2
- Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet, French socialite (b. 1588)[152]
- Maria Angela Astorch, Spanish Roman Catholic religious figure, mystic and blessed (b. 1592)
- December 10 – Tarquinio Merula, Italian composer (b. c. 1594)[153]
- December 29 – George Wilde, Irish bishop (b. 1610)
1666
- January 2 – John Holles, 2nd Earl of Clare, English politician and Earl (b. 1595)
- January 10 – Henry Hastings, 1st Baron Loughborough, English Royalist army commander (b. 1610)
- January 20 – Anne of Austria, queen of Louis XIII of France and regent (b. 1601)[154]
- January 22 – Shah Jahan, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1592)[155]
- January 24 – Johann Andreas Herbst, German composer (b. 1588)
- January 28 – Tommaso Dingli, Maltese architect and sculptor (b. 1591)
- February 12 – Mildmay Fane, 2nd Earl of Westmorland, English politician (b. 1602)
- February 24 – Nicholas Lanier, English composer (b. 1588)
- February 26 – Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti, Frondeur (b. 1629)
- February 27
- Luisa de Guzmán, Duchess of Braganza and Queen consort of Portugal (b. 1613)
- Gustav Evertsson Horn, Finnish-Swedish politician, Field Marshal (b. 1614)
- March 1 – Ecaterina Cercheza, Princess consort of Moldavia (b. 1620)
- March 18 – Jan van Vliet, Dutch linguist (b. 1622)
- April 12 – Johann Rudolf Wettstein, Swiss diplomat (b. 1594)
- April 25 – Johann Reinhard II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German aristocrat (b. 1628)
- May 6 – Paul Siefert, German composer and organist (b. 1586)
- May 13 – Pier Francesco Mola, Italian painter of the High Baroque (b. 1612)
- May 22 – Gaspar Schott, German Jesuit scholar (b. 1608)
- June 11 – Cornelis Evertsen the Elder, Dutch admiral (b. 1610)
- June 12 – Abraham van der Hulst, Dutch admiral (b. 1619)
- June 16 – Sir Richard Fanshawe, British diplomat and translator (b. 1608)
- June 17 – Carlo de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1595)
- June 28 – Sir Gervase Clifton, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1587)
- June 30 – Alexander Brome, English poet (b. 1620)
- July 5 – Albert VI, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1584)
- July 18 – Sir John Bowyer, 1st Baronet, English soldier and politician (b. 1623)
- July 25 – Henri, Count of Harcourt (b. 1601)
- July 26 – Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1622)
- July 30 – Francis Erdmann, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, Germany (b. 1629)
- August 5 – Johan Evertsen, Dutch admiral (b. 1600)
- August 6 – Tjerk Hiddes de Vries, Frisian naval hero and commander (of wounds received in the St. James's Day Battle) (b. 1622)
- August 15 – Johann Adam Schall von Bell, German Jesuit missionary (b. 1591)
- August 19 – Anton Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (b. 1620)
- August 23 – Johannes Hoornbeek, Dutch theologian (b. 1617)
- August 24 – Francisco Manuel de Mello, Portuguese writer (b. 1608)
- August 26 – Frans Hals, Dutch painter (b. 1580)[156]
- September 4 – Girolamo Colonna, Catholic cardinal (b. 1604)
- September 10 – Christian Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt (b. 1616)
- September 17 – Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1579)
- September 23 – François Mansart, French architect (b. 1598)
- September 27
- Georg Albrecht, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach (b. 1619)
- János Szalárdi, Hungarian historian (b. 1601)
- October 12 – Dirk Graswinckel, Dutch jurist (b. 1600)
- October 27 – Manuel António of Portugal, Dutch-Portuguese nobleman (b. 1600)
- October 29 – Edmund Calamy the Elder, English Presbyterian leader (b. 1600)
- October 29 – James Shirley, English dramatist (b. 1596)
- November 1 – Jan Albertsz Rotius, Dutch painter (b. 1624)
- December 1 – James Ware, Irish genealogist (b. 1594)
- December 8 – Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois (b. 1664)
- December 20 – William Strode, English politician (b. 1589)
- December 22 – Guercino, Italian painter (b. 1591)[157]
- December 26 – Alexandrine von Taxis, German Imperial General Post Master (b. 1589)
- December 30 – John Strangways, English politician (b. 1585)
- date unknown
- Philip Fruytiers, Flemish painter (b. 1627)
- James Howell, British writer (b. c. 1594)
- Song Yingxing, Chinese encyclopedist (b. 1587)
1667
.jpg)
- January 28 – Maria Klara of Dietrichstein, German noblewoman (b. 1626)
- February 16 – Vincenzo Maculani, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1578)
- April 2 – Reinhold Curicke, jurist and historian from Danzig (Gdańsk) (b. 1610)
- April 10 – Jan Marek Marci, Bohemian physician and scientist (b. 1595)
- April 13 – Bassam Al-Soukaria, Lebanese army commander (b. 1580)
- April 21 – Roger Hill, English politician (b. 1605)
- April 24 – Matthew Wren, influential English clergyman (b. 1585)
- April 25 – Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur, Spanish saint and missionary to Guatemala (b. 1626)
- May 2 – George Wither, English writer (b. 1588)
- May 7 – Johann Jakob Froberger, German composer (b. 1616)
- May 10 – Marie Louise Gonzaga, Polish queen (b. 1611)
- May 14
- Marcos Ramírez de Prado y Ovando, Archbishop of Mexico (b. 1592)
- Georges de Scudéry, French novelist, dramatist and poet (b. 1601)[158]
- Johannes Heinrich Ursinus, German Lutheran scholar (b. 1608)
- May 16
- Samuel Bochart, French Protestant biblical scholar (b. 1599)
- Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, English statesman (b. 1607)
- May 22 – Pope Alexander VII (b. 1599)
- May 25 – Gustaf Bonde, Swedish statesman (b. 1620)
- May 26 – Albrecht von Kalckstein, German noble (b. 1592)
- May 28 – Jacques de Bela, French writer (b. 1586)
- June 5
- Johann Heinrich Hottinger, Swiss philologist and theologian (b. 1620)
- Francesco Sforza Pallavicino, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1607)
- Grégoire de Saint-Vincent, Flemish Jesuit and mathematician (b. 1584)
- June 18 – Countess Louise Henriette of Nassau, Electress Consort of Brandenburg (b. 1627)
- June 19 – Anthony Günther, Count of Oldenburg (b. 1583)
- June 20 – James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, British prince (b. 1663)
- July 4
- Christiaen van Couwenbergh, Dutch painter (b. 1604)
- John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1621–1667) (b. 1621)
- July 7 – Nicolas Sanson, French cartographer (b. 1600)
- July 11 – Stefano Durazzo, Italian cardinal (b. 1594)
- July 13 – Barthélemy Vimont, French missionary (b. 1594)
- July 28 – Abraham Cowley, English poet (b. 1618)
- August 3 – Francesco Borromini, Swiss sculptor and architect (b. 1599)
- August 8 – Frances Hyde, Countess of Clarendon, English noble (b. 1617)
- August 13
- Jeremy Taylor, Irish clergyman and writer (b. 1613)[159]
- Margaret Elisabeth of Leiningen-Westerburg, Regent of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1604)
- August 28 – Jai Singh I, Maharaja of Jaipur (b. 1611)
- September 3 – Alonzo Cano, Spanish painter (b. 1601)
- September 10 – Erasmus Earle, English barrister and politician (b. 1590)
- September 20 – Niels Trolle, Governor General of Norway (b. 1599)
- September 24 – Michael Franck, German composer and poet (b. 1609)
- September 28 – Thomas Hall, English politician (b. 1619)
- September 29 – Herbert Morley, English politician (b. 1616)
- October 11 – Mattias de' Medici, Italian noble (b. 1613)
- October 18 – Emperor Fasilides of Ethiopia (b. 1603)
- October 24 – Godefroy Wendelin, Flemish astronomer (b. 1580)
- October 22 – Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German prince (b. 1620)
- October 25 – Ernst Adalbert of Harrach, Austrian Catholic cardinal (b. 1598)
- November 12 – Hans Nansen, Danish statesman (b. 1598)
- November 19 – Robert Wallop, English politician (b. 1601)
- November 28 – Jean de Thévenot, French traveler and scientist (b. 1633)
- December 31 – Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, Polish noble (szlachcic) (b. 1616)
1668
- January 6
- Luis de Benavides Carrillo, Marquis of Caracena (b. 1608)
- Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony, Crown Princess of Denmark (b. 1617)
- January 14 – Arnauld de Oihenart, Basque historian and poet (b. 1592)
- January 31 – Hermann Busenbaum, German Jesuit theologian (b. 1600)
- February 2 – Antonio del Castillo y Saavedra, Spanish artist (b. 1616)
- February 8 – Alessandro Tiarini, Italian painter (b. 1577)
- February 21 – John Thurloe, English Puritan spy (b. 1616)
- March 16 – Francis Talbot, 11th Earl of Shrewsbury (b. 1623)
- April 12 – Alexander Daniell, sole proprietor of the Manor of Alverton, Cornwall (b. 1599)
- April 21 – Jan Boeckhorst, Flemish painter (b. c. 1604)
- May 1 – Frans Luycx, Flemish painter (b. 1604)
- May 8 – Catherine of St. Augustine, French nun and nurse of New France (b. 1632)
- May 9 – Otto Christoph von Sparr, German general (b. 1599)
- May 21 – Christoph Delphicus zu Dohna, Prussian-born Swedish soldier, diplomat (b. 1628)
- June 20 – Heinrich Roth, German Sanskrit scholar (b. 1620)
- July 26 – Hans Svane, Danish statesman (b. 1606)
- August 9 – Jakob Balde, German Latinist (b. 1604)[160]
- August 23 – Artus Quellinus the Elder, Flemish sculptor (b. 1609)
- August 24 – Tyman Oosdorp, Dutch brewer and magistrate of Haarlem (b. 1613)
- September 16
- Paolo Emilio Rondinini, Italian Bishop of Assisi (b. 1617)
- Jan Miense Molenaer, Dutch painter (b. 1610)
- September 19 – Sir William Waller, English Civil War general (b. c. 1635)
- October 12 – Zacharias Wagenaer, secretary, painter, then merchant and administrator (Dutch East-India Company) (b. 1614)
- October 13
- Robert Sutton, 1st Baron Lexinton, English politician (b. 1594)
- Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, English military leader (b. 1602)
- November 17 – Joseph Alleine, English non-conformist preacher (b. 1634)
- November 21 – Adolf William, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (b. 1632)
- December 3 – William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English earl (b. 1591)
- December 14 – Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge, English politician (b. 1599)
- December 23 – Martin Bauzer, Gorizian Jesuit priest and writer (b. 1595)[161]
- December 24 – Wadham Wyndham, English judge (b. 1609)
- unknown date – Fang Weiyi, Chinese poet, calligrapher, painter and literature historian (b. 1585)[162]
1669
- January 27 – Gaspar de Crayer, Flemish painter (b. 1584)
- February 3 – Catharina Questiers, Dutch poet (b. 1631)
- February 13 – Peter Venables, English politician (b. 1604)
- February 23 – Lieuwe van Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (b. 1600)
- March 10 – John Denham, English poet (b. 1615)
- March 12 – Cornelis Jan Witsen, Mayor of Amsterdam (b. 1605)
- March 17 – Willem van der Zaan, Dutch admiral (b. 1621)
- March 23 – Philipp Buchner, German composer (b. 1614)
- March 25 – Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet, English baronet (b. 1624)
- April 4 – Johann Michael Moscherosch, German statesman, satirist (b. 1601)
- April 5 – Nabeshima Naozumi, Japanese daimyō (b. 1616)
- April 12 – Abdias Treu, German mathematician and academic (b. 1597)
- April 22 – Friedrich Wilhelm II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1639–1669) (b. 1603)
- April 23 – Johannes Canuti Lenaeus, archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden (b. 1573)
- April 27 – Richard Treat, American city founder (b. 1584)
- May 1 – Isaac Thornton, English politician (b. 1615)
- May 14 – Georges de Scudéry, French writer (b. 1601)
- May 16 – Pietro da Cortona, Italian artist (b. 1596)
- June 25 – François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort, French soldier (b. 1616)
- July 16 – Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire, English politician (b. 1587)
- July 29 – Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen, major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen (b. 1636)
- August 18 – William Gawdy, English politician (b. 1612)
- August 28 – Sir William Drake, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1606)
- September 3 – Esteban Manuel de Villegas, Spanish poet (b. 1589)
- September 10 – Henrietta Maria of France, queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (b. 1609)[163]
- September 28 – Pierre Le Muet, French architect (b. 1591)
- October 4 – Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Dutch painter (b. 1606)
- October 9 – Richard Strode, English politician (b. 1584)
- October 14 – Antonio Cesti, Italian composer (b. 1623)
- October 16 – John Trapp, English theologian (b. 1601)
- October 19
- Domenico Fiasella, Italian painter (b. 1589)
- Matthias Sention, Sr., Connecticut settler (b. 1601)
- October 24 – William Prynne, English Puritan leader (b. 1600)
- November 3 – Charles Drelincourt, French Protestant divine (b. 1595)
- November 4 – Johannes Cocceius, Dutch theologian (b. 1603)
- November 7 – Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1622)
- November 10 – Elisabeth Pepys, English wife of Samuel Pepys (b. 1640)
- December 9 – Pope Clement IX (b. 1600)
- December 11 – Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, consort of Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (b. 1627)
- December 13 – Thomas Dyke, English politician (b. 1619)
- December 16 – Nathaniel Fiennes, English politician (b. c. 1608)
- December 18 – Johann Philipp of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German nobleman (b. 1626)
- December 25 – George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (b. 1591)
- December 31 – Bogusław Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (b. 1620)
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