1390s

The 1390s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1390, and ended on December 31, 1399.

1390

This section is transcluded from 1390. (edit | history)

January–December

• January 19 – The Treaty of Lyck confirms an alliance between Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights, in the Lithuanian Civil War against Vytautas's cousin, Jogaila.
• April 14 – John VII Palaiologos overthrows his grandfather, John V Palaiologos, as Byzantine Emperor.
• April 19 – Robert III succeeds his father, Robert II, as King of Scotland.
• May 26 – Lithuanian Civil War: The Treaty of Königsberg is signed in Königsberg, between Samogitian nobles and representatives of the Teutonic Knights.^[1]
• September 11 – Lithuanian Civil War: The coalition of Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights begins a 5-week siege of Vilnius. The Duke of Hereford (the future King Henry IV of England) is among the western European knights serving with the coalition.^[2]
• September 17 – John VII Palaiologos seeks refuge with the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I, after John V Palaiologos is restored by his son, Manuel, and the Republic of Venice.
• October 9 – Henry III succeeds his father, John I, as King of Castile and León.

Date unknown

• Fall of Philadelphia
  • The Ottomans take Philadelphia, the last Byzantine enclave of any significance in Anatolia.
• Barquq is restored as Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, after overthrowing Sultan Hadji II.
• Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III overthrows his brother, Abu Bakr Shah, as Sultan of Delhi.
• Manuel III succeeds his father, Alexios III, as Emperor of Trebizond (now north eastern Turkey).
• Sikandar But-shikan succeeds Sikandar Shah, as Sultan of Kashmir.
• Ko Cheng succeeds Che Bong Nga, as King of Champa (now eastern Vietnam).
• Mahmud succeeds Sandaki as Mansa of the Mali Empire, restoring the Keita dynasty.
• N'Diklam Sare succeeds Sare N'Dyaye, as ruler of the Jolof Empire (now part of Senegal).
• The Kingdom of Kaffa is established in present day Ethiopia (approximate date).
• Templo Mayor, the main temple of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), is built.
• The Candi Surawana Temple is built in the Majapahit Kingdom (now Indonesia).
• Construction begins on San Petronio Basilica in Bologna.

Births

Transcluding articles: 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, and 1399

1390

• October 3 – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1447)
• December 27 – Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the English throne (d. 1411)
• date unknown
  • Moctezuma I, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, son of Huitzilihuitl (d. 1469)^[20]
• probable
  • John Dunstaple, English composer (d. 1453)
  • Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Swedish statesman and rebel leader (d. 1436)
  • Contessina de' Bardi, politically active Florentine woman (d. 1473)
  • Jan van Eyck, Flemish painter (d. 1441)

1391

• June 24 – Joan of France, Duchess of Brittany (d. 1433)
• July 31 – Cyriacus of Ancona, Italian merchant, "father of archaeology" (d. 1453/5)
• October 31 – Edward, King of Portugal (d. 1438)
• November 6 – Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (d. 1425)
• Gedun Drub, 1st Dalai Lama (d. 1474)
• Thomas West, 2nd Baron West, English soldier (d. 1415)

1392

• January 10 – Johanna van Polanen, Dutch noblewoman (d. 1445)
• December 9 – Peter, Duke of Coimbra (d. 1449)
• December 18 – John VIII Palaiologos, penultimate Byzantine emperor (d. 1448)
• date unknown
  • Alain Chartier, French poet and political writer (approximate date; d. c. 1430)
  • Flavio Biondo, Italian humanist and historian (d. 1463)
  • Barbara of Cilli, Holy Roman Empress, queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia (d. 1451)
  • John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (d. 1432)
  • John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny, French nobleman (d. 1441)
  • Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan (d. 1447)
  • Idris Imad al-Din, supreme leader of Tayyibi Isma'ilism, scholar and historian (d. 1468)^[21]

1393

• February 3 – Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (d. 1455)^[22]
• August 24 – Arthur III, Duke of Brittany (d. 1458)
• December – Margaret of Burgundy, Dauphine of France (d. 1442)
• date unknown
  • John Capgrave, English theologian (d. 1464)
  • Giovanni Antonio Del Balzo Orsini, Prince of Taranto (d. 1463)
  • Anna of Moscow, Byzantine empress consort (d. 1417)^[23]
  • Osbern Bokenam, English Augustinian friar and poet
  • Thomas de Morley, 5th Baron Morley
  • Andrea Vendramin, Doge of Venice (d. 1478)
  • Alvise Loredan, Venetian admiral and statesman (d. 1466)

1394

• March 4 – Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese patron of exploration (d. 1460)^[24]
• June 4 – Philippa of England, Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (d. 1430)^[25]
• July 12 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shōgun (d. 1441)
• July 25 – James I of Scotland (d. 1437)^[26]
• November 24 – Charles, Duke of Orléans, French poet (d. 1465)^[27]
• date unknown
  • Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler and astronomer (d. 1449)
  • Ikkyū, Japanese Zen Buddhist priest and poet (d. 1481)
  • Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (d. 1415)^[28]
• probable – Cymburgis of Masovia, Duchess of Austria

1395

• January 11 – Michele of Valois, French princess and Duchess Consort of Burgundy (d. 1422)
• March 18 – John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, English military leader (d. 1447)
• September 7 – Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr, English politician (d. 1427)
• date unknown
  • Fra Angelico, Italian painter (d. 1455)
  • Niccolò Da Conti, Italian merchant and explorer (d. 1469)
  • George of Trebizond, Greek philosopher and scholar (d. 1484)
  • Jacques Cœur, French merchant (d. 1456)

1396

• July 31 – Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1467)
• October 16 – William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English noble (d. 1450)
• date unknown
  • Alfonso V of Aragon (d. 1458)
  • Bonne of Artois, countess regent of Nevers (d. 1425)
  • Ambroise de Loré, baron of Ivry in Normandy (d. 1446)
  • Michelozzo, Italian architect and sculptor (d. 1472)
  • Ponhea Yat, ruler of the Khmer Empire (d. 1460?)

1397

• February 21 – Infanta Isabel, Duchess of Burgundy (d. 1471)
• May 15 – Sejong the Great of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1450)
• August 10 – Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1439)
• November 15 – Pope Nicholas V (d. 1455)^[29]
• date unknown
  • Chimalpopoca, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlán (d. 1427)^[30]
  • Tlacaelel, Aztec nobleman (d. 1487)
  • Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli, Italian mathematician (d. 1482)
  • John de Ros, 7th Baron Ros, English noble and soldier (d. 1421)
  • Paolo Uccello, Florentine painter (d. 1475)

1398

Johannes Gutenberg

• August 19 – Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Santillana, Spanish poet (d. 1458)
• date unknown
  • Cecília Rozgonyi, Hungarian noble and heroine (d. 1434)
  • Spytko III of Melsztyn, Polish nobleman (d. 1439)
  • Moctezuma I, second Aztec emperor (d. 1469)
  • William Waynflete, English Lord Chancellor and bishop of Winchester (d. 1486)
  • Johannes Gutenberg, German inventor of the printing press
  • Tlacaélel, Aztec warrior, thinker, high priest and noble for the Mexica Empire (d. 1487)

1399

• March 16 – Xuande Emperor of China (d. 1435)
• June 26 – John, Count of Angoulême (d. 1467)
• date unknown
  • William II Canynges, English merchant (approximate date; d. 1474)
  • Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1468)
  • Rogier van der Weyden, Dutch painter (or 1400)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, and 1399

1390

• January 26 – Adolph IX, Count of Holstein-Kiel (b.c 1327)
• February 16 – Rupert I, Elector Palatine (b. 1309)
• March 20 – Alexios III Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond (b. 1338)
• April 19 – King Robert II of Scotland (b. 1316)
• July 8 – Albert of Saxony, Bishop of Halberstadt and German philosopher (b. c. 1320)
• August 14 – John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (b. 1364)
• September 23 – John I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1346)
• October 9 – King John I of Castile (fall from a horse) (b. 1358)
• September – Towtiwil, Prince of Black Ruthenia
• date unknown
  • Sandaki Mari Djata, Mansa of the Mali Empire
  • Keratsa of Bulgaria, Byzantine empress consort
  • Sa'ad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah al-Taftazani, Ilkhanate polymath (b. 1322)
• probable – Altichiero, Italian painter (b. 1330)

1391

• January 16 – Emir Muhammed V of Granada (b. 1338)
• February 16 – John V Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1332)
• March 10 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia (b. 1338)
• November 1 – Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy (b. 1360)
• Gaston III, Count of Foix, co-prince of Andorra
• date unknown
  • Petru, Prince of Moldavia
  • Margaret, Countess of Mar (approximate date)

1392

• March 25 – Hosokawa Yoriyuki, Japanese samurai
• April 26 – Chŏng Mong-ju, Korean civil minister, diplomat and scholar (b. 1338)
• May 17 – Zhu Biao, crown prince of the Ming dynasty, China (b. 1355)
• November 22 – Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland (b. 1362)
• December 23 – Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York (b. 1355)
• date unknown
  • Abbot Methodius of Peshnosha, Eastern Orthodox saint
  • Lalleshwari, Kashmiri poet and mystic (b. 1320)

1393

• March 7 – Bogislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania (b. c. 1350)
• March 23 – John of Nepomuk, saint
• June 6 – Emperor Go-En'yū of Japan, former Pretender to the throne (b. 1359)
• July 23 – Konrad von Wallenrode, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
• July 30 – Alberto d'Este, Lord of Ferrara and Modena (b. 1347)
• August 6 – John de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros (b. 1365)^[31]
• November 29 – King Leo V of Armenia (b. c. 1342)
• date unknown
  • Fa Ngum, founder of the Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang (b. 1316)
  • Valentina Visconti, Queen of Cyprus
  • King Bagrat V of Georgia
  • Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad al-Mustansir, Sultan of the Marinid dynasty in Morocco

1394

• June 25 – Dorothea of Montau, German hermitess (b. 1347)^[32]
• March 17 – Louis, Count of Enghien, Count of Conversano and Brienne
• March 24 – Constance of Castile, claimant to the throne of Castile
• June 4 – Mary de Bohun, English countess, married to Henry IV of England^[33]
• June 7 – Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II of England (plague) (b. 1366)^[34]
• August 27 – Emperor Chōkei of Japan (b. 1343)
• September 16 – Antipope Clement VII (b. 1342)^[35]
• December 28 – Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina, basilissa of Epirus (b. 1350)
• date unknown
  • John Hawkwood, English mercenary (b. 1320)
  • Fazlallah Astarabadi, Persian founder of the mystical Hurufism sect (executed)
  • Sultan Mahmud II of the Delhi Sultanate
  • Former King Gongyang of Goryeo (b. 1345)

1395

• March 13 – John Barbour, Scottish poet
• May 17
  • Prince Marko, Serbian leader
  • Mary, Queen of Hungary, co-ruler
• June 3 – Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria, tsar (b. c.1350)
• August 29 – Duke Albert III of Austria (b. 1349)
• December 25 – Elisabeth, Countess of Neuchâtel, Swiss ruler
• date unknown
  • Acamapichtli, 1st tlatoani (monarch) of Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City), 1375-1395 (b. c. 1355)^[36]
  • Margaret the Barefooted, Italian saint (b. 1325)

1396

• January 11 – Isidore Glabas, Metropolitan bishop of Thessalonica (b. 1341/2)
• May 19 – John I of Aragon (b. 1350)
• July 31 – William Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury
• September 15 – Queen Sindeok, politically active Korean queen (b. 1356)
• November 29 – Robert Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Wemme (b. 1373)
• date unknown
  • John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont, Constable of Dover Castle (b. 1361)
  • Frederick II, Marquess of Saluzzo
  • Saint Stephen of Perm (b. 1340)
  • She Xiang, Chinese tribute chieftain (b. 1361)

1397

• January 11 – Skirgaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania
• February 18 – Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy (b. 1340)
• March 14 – Henry VIII the Sparrow, Duke of Żagań–Głogów (b. c. 1357)
• April 25 – Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (b. 1350)
• June 3 – William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (b. 1328)
• June 16 – Philip of Artois, Count of Eu, French soldier (b. 1358)
• July 15 – Catherine of Henneberg, German ruler (b. c. 1334)
• September 2 – Francesco Landini, Italian composer
• September 8 – Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, son of King Edward III of England (b. 1355)
• September 15 – Adam Easton, English cardinal
• September 21 – Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, English military leader (executed) (b. 1346)
• October 6 – Vuk Branković, Serbian lord (b. 1345)

1398

• January 6 – Rupert II, Elector Palatine (b. 1325)
• January 31 – Former Emperor Sukō of Japan (b. 1334)
• June 24 – Hongwu Emperor of China (b. 1328)
• July 20 – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (b. 1374)
• July/August (uncertain) – Kadi Burhan al-Din, poet, kadi, and ruler of Sivas (b. 1345)^[37]
• September 9 – James I of Cyprus (b. 1334)
• October 5 – Blanche of Navarre, Queen of France (b. 1333)
• date unknown – Jeong Dojeon, Korean philosopher

1399

John of Gaunt died 3 February

Jadwiga of Poland died 17 July

• January 4 – Nicholas Eymerich, Catalan theologian and inquisitor
• February 3 – John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (b. 1340)^[38]
• March 24 – Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk (b. c. 1320)
• July 13 – Peter Parler, German architect (b. 1330)
• July 17 – Queen Jadwiga of Poland (b. 1374)
• August 12 – Demetrius I Starshy, Prince of Trubczewsk (in battle) (b. 1327)
• August 15 – Ide Pedersdatter Falk, Danish noblewoman (b. 1358)
• August 26 – Mikhail II, Grand Prince of Tver (b. 1333)
• September 22 – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1366)
• October 3 – Eleanor de Bohun, English noble (b. c.1366)^[39]
• October 5 – Raymond of Capua, Italian Dominic friar and venerated Christian (b. 1330)
• November 1 – John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1339)
• date unknown
  • Spytek z Melsztyna, Polish nobleman
  • William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (b. 1350)
  • Sultan Barquq of Egypt
  • Trần Ngung, former ruler of Trần dynasty Vietnam (forced to commit suicide)
  • Stephen I of Moldavia

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