1356

This article is about the year 1356. For the novel by Bernard Cornwell, see 1356 (novel). For other uses, see 1356 (disambiguation).

Year 1356 (MCCCLVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	13th century 14th century 15th century
Decades:	1330s 1340s 1350s 1360s 1370s
Years:	1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359

1356 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1356 MCCCLVI
Ab urbe condita	2109
Armenian calendar	805 ԹՎ ՊԵ
Assyrian calendar	6106
Balinese saka calendar	1277–1278
Bengali calendar	763
Berber calendar	2306
English Regnal year	29 Edw. 3 – 30 Edw. 3
Buddhist calendar	1900
Burmese calendar	718
Byzantine calendar	6864–6865
Chinese calendar	乙未年 (Wood Goat) 4053 or 3846     — to — 丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 4054 or 3847
Coptic calendar	1072–1073
Discordian calendar	2522
Ethiopian calendar	1348–1349
Hebrew calendar	5116–5117
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1412–1413
- Shaka Samvat	1277–1278
- Kali Yuga	4456–4457
Holocene calendar	11356
Igbo calendar	356–357
Iranian calendar	734–735
Islamic calendar	756–758
Japanese calendar	Bunna 5 / Enbun 1 (延文元年)
Javanese calendar	1268–1269
Julian calendar	1356 MCCCLVI
Korean calendar	3689
Minguo calendar	556 before ROC 民前556年
Nanakshahi calendar	−112
Thai solar calendar	1898–1899
Tibetan calendar	阴木羊年 (female Wood-Goat) 1482 or 1101 or 329     — to — 阳火猴年 (male Fire-Monkey) 1483 or 1102 or 330

Events

January–December

• January 20 – Edward Balliol surrenders his title as King of Scotland, to Edward III of England.^[1]
• ca. February – Burnt Candlemas: Edward III of England burns down every town and village in Lothian, Scotland.
• June 17 – The city of Lwów is granted Magdeburg rights by Casimir III of Poland. The advantages of the rights were not only economic, but also political.^[2]
• September 19 – Hundred Years' War – Battle of Poitiers: The English, commanded by Edward, the Black Prince, defeat the French. The greatly outnumbered English forces not only rout the French, but capture the French king John II of France and his youngest son, the future Philip II of Burgundy.^[3]
• October 17 – Erik XII proclaims himself king of Sweden, in opposition to his father, King Magnus IV. Thus begins a civil war in Sweden between father and son, which will last until Erik's death in 1359.^[4]
• October 18 (St Luke's Day) – The Basel earthquake affects northern Switzerland, with a maximum MSK intensity of IX–X (Destructive–Devastating), leaving around 1,000 dead. It is the most damaging intraplate earthquake known to have occurred in central Europe.^[5]
• December 25 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, promulgates the Golden Bull, a constitution for his empire.^[6]

Date unknown

• The Hanseatic League, a trading alliance between many cities in northern Europe, first meets.
• Sweden's first guild privileges (for tailors) are issued in Stockholm.^[7]
• Ghazan II replaces Anushirwan as ruler of the Ilkhanate in Persia.
• Zhu Yuanzhang, one of the leaders in the Red Turban Rebellion, captures the city of Nanjing from the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in China; from then on it becomes his base of power, and the capital of a new dynasty he would establish in 1368, the Ming dynasty.^[8]
• The majority of the Great Pyramid of Giza's limestone casing stones are removed by Bahri Sultan An-Nasir Hasan, to build fortresses and mosques in the nearby city of Cairo, leaving the first of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World in the step-stone condition in which it remains into modern times.
• The Castelvecchio Bridge in Verona is probably completed this year; its main span of 48.7 m (160 ft) is the world's longest arch at this time.

Births

• July 29 – Martin of Aragon (d. 1410)
• date unknown
  • Ingegerd Knutsdotter, Swedish abbess (d. 1412)
  • Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu (d. 1387)

Deaths

• June 23 – Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut (b. 1311)
• September 19 (killed at the Battle of Poitiers):
  • Peter I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1311)
  • Walter VI, Count of Brienne, Constable of France (b. 1304)
• date unknown
  • Harihara I, founder of the Vijayanagara Empire
  • Zheng Yunduan, Chinese poet (b. c. 1327)

Footnotes

1. Hammond, Matthew (2019). "The Acts of Edward Balliol, king of Scots (1332–56)". The community of the realm in Scotland, 1249–1424. Retrieved June 15 2023.
2. Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson. The Law of Magdeburg used in Poland. The Cambridge History of Poland. CUP (Cambridge University Press) Archive. pp. 133–136. ISBN 1-001-28802-5. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
3. McKisack 1959, p. 139.
4. "Erik Magnusson". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
5. 1356 Basel Earthquake: A 650-Year Retrospective" (PDF). Risk Management Solutions. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2023. The most damaging intraplate earthquake known to have occurred in central Europe.
6. Luxembourg, Charles IV (2 November 2019). The Golden Bull of 1356 AD. ISBN 978-1-9870-2740-2
7. Lindström, Dag. 1991. Skrå, stad och stat. Stockholm, Malmö och Bergen ca 1350-1622. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Uppsala.
8. Ebrey (1999), 191.

References

• Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, 1947-. - The Cambridge illustrated history of China / Patricia Buckley Ebrey.. - 2023 - Third edition.. - ISBN 978-1-009-15142-9

• Hammond, Matthew (2019). "The Acts of Edward Balliol, king of Scots (1332–56)". The community of the realm in Scotland, 1249–1424. Retrieved June 15 2023.

• McKisack, May (31 December 1959). The Fourteenth Century 1307–1399. Oxford History of England. Vol. 5. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821712-1 OL 26141653M.

• (Swedish) Svenskt biografiskt lexikon [Elektronisk resurs] SBL. (2012-). Stockholm: Svenskt biografiskt lexikon

Tillgänglig på Internet: Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon