1168

Year 1168 (MCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century 12th century 13th century
Decades:	1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s
Years:	1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171

1168 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1168 MCLXVIII
Ab urbe condita	1921
Armenian calendar	617 ԹՎ ՈԺԷ
Assyrian calendar	5918
Balinese saka calendar	1089–1090
Bengali calendar	575
Berber calendar	2118
English Regnal year	14 Hen. 2 – 15 Hen. 2
Buddhist calendar	1712
Burmese calendar	530
Byzantine calendar	6676–6677
Chinese calendar	丁亥年 (Fire Pig) 3865 or 3658     — to — 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 3866 or 3659
Coptic calendar	884–885
Discordian calendar	2334
Ethiopian calendar	1160–1161
Hebrew calendar	4928–4929
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1224–1225
- Shaka Samvat	1089–1090
- Kali Yuga	4268–4269
Holocene calendar	11168
Igbo calendar	168–169
Iranian calendar	546–547
Islamic calendar	563–564
Japanese calendar	Nin'an 3 (仁安３年)
Javanese calendar	1075–1076
Julian calendar	1168 MCLXVIII
Korean calendar	3501
Minguo calendar	744 before ROC 民前744年
Nanakshahi calendar	−300
Seleucid era	1479/1480 AG
Thai solar calendar	1710–1711
Tibetan calendar	阴火猪年 (female Fire-Pig) 1294 or 913 or 141     — to — 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1295 or 914 or 142

King Valdemar I (1131–1182)

Events

By place

Levant

• Summer – King Amalric I of Jerusalem and Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos negotiate an alliance against Fatimid-Egypt. Archbishop William of Tyre is among the ambassadors sent to Constantinople to finalize the treaty.
• Autumn – William IV, Count of Nevers, arrives in Palestine with a contingent of elite knights. In Jerusalem he is present during a council with Amalric and other nobles to decide on an expedition to Egypt.
• October 20 – Amalric I invades Egypt again from Ascalon, sacking Bilbeis and threatening Cairo. In November, a Crusader fleet sails up the Nile and arrives in Lake Manzala, sacking the town of Tanis.^[1]
• Nur al-Din, Zangid ruler (atabeg) of Aleppo, sends an expedition under General Shirkuh to Egypt on request of the Fatimid caliph Al-Adid. He offers him a third of the land, and fiefs for his generals.^[1]

Egypt

• December 22 – Afraid that the Egyptian capital Fustat (modern-day Old Cairo) will be captured by Crusader forces, its Fatimid vizier, Shawar, orders the city set afire. The capital burns for 54 days.

Europe

• March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Angevin governor of Poitou, is killed in an ambush at Poitiers by French forces under Guy of Lusignan. He is escorting Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine on a journey near the border of Aquitaine. Patrick's nephew, William Marshal, is part of the royal escort and is taken prisoner. Later he is ransomed and becomes a member of Eleanor's household.^[2]
• King Valdemar I ("the Great") of Denmark conquers the Wendish capital at Arkona on the island of Rügen (modern Germany). The Wends become Christians and subject to Danish suzerainty.
• Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, marries the 12-year-old Matilda (or Maud), daughter of King Henry II of England.^[3]
• The newly born Commune of Rome conquers and destroys the rival neighboring city of Albano (modern Italy).^[4]
• Stephen du Perche, Sicilian chancellor, is accused of plotting to claim the throne and is forced to flee.

Asia

• April 9 – Emperor Rokujō of Japan is deposed by his grandfather, retired-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, after an 8-month reign. He is succeeded by his 6-year-old uncle, Takakura, as the 80th emperor.
• Yuanqu County (also known as Wanting County) in China is destroyed by a flood of the Yellow River.

By topic

Religion

• September 20 – Antipope Paschal III dies at Rome after a 4-year reign. Giovanni di Struma is elected as his successor and will reign as Antipope Callixtus III with support from Emperor Frederick I.

Births

• April 22 – Abubakar ibn Gussom, Arab poet (d. 1242)
• August 31 – Emperor Zhangzong of Jin, Chinese ruler (d. 1208)
• November 19 – Emperor Ningzong, Chinese ruler (d. 1224)
• Ibn Muti al-Zawawi, Arab jurist and philologian (d. 1231)
• Robert of Braybrooke, English High Sheriff (d. 1210)
• Robert of Courtenay, Lord of Champignelles, French nobleman and knight (d. 1239)
• Temüge (or Otgon), brother of Genghis Khan (d. 1246)
• William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby (approximate date)

Deaths

• January 17 – Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders (b. 1099)
• March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Norman nobleman (b. 1122)
• April 5 – Robert de Beaumont, English nobleman (b. 1104)
• September 20 – Paschal III, antipope of Rome (b. 1110)
• October 24 – William IV, count of Auxerre and Nevers
• November 5 – Hugh IX of Lusignan, French nobleman
• Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, Persian scholar (b. 1097)
• Bermudo Pérez de Traba, Spanish nobleman (b. 1088)
• Conrad of Babenberg, archbishop of Salzburg (b. 1115)
• Wivina, French Benedictine abbess and saint (b. 1103)

References

1. Runciman, Steven (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 309–311. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
2. Asbridge, Thomas (2015). The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, Power Behind Five English Thrones, p. 87. London: Simon & Schuster.
3. Hywell Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 126. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
4. Vigueur, Jean-Claude Maire (2010). L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle). Paris: Tallandier. p. 314.