Homo rhodesiensis

Το Homo rhodesiensis είναι το όνομα είδους που προτάθηκε από τον Άρθουρ Σμιθ Γούντγοουρντ (1921) για να ταξινομοποιήσει το Κάμπουε 1 (το "κρανίο του Κάμπουε" ή "κρανίο του Μπρόκεν Χιλλ", επίσης γνωστός ως "Ροδεσιανός Άνδρας"), ένα απολίθωμα που ανακτήθηκε από σπήλαιο του Μπρόκεν Χιλλ (ή Κάμπουε) στην Βόρεια Ροδεσία (γνωστή σήμερα ως Ζάμπια).^[1]

Σήμερα ο H. rhodesiensis θεωρείται στις περισσότερες φορές ως συνώνυμο του Homo heidelbergensis, ή πιθανώς ως αφρικανική μορφή του Homo heidelbergensis sensu lato, το οποίο κατανοείται ως είδος που ζούσε στην Αφρική και την Ευρασία στην εποχή του Μέσου Πλειστόκαινου.^[2] Επίσης έχουν προταθεί οι ονομασίες Homo sapiens arcaicus^[3] και Homo sapiens rhodesiensis^[4]. Ο Γουάιτ (2003) πρότεινε τον ροδεσιανό άνδρα ως πρόγονο του Homo sapiens idaltu.^[5]

Η καταγωγή του Homo sapiens από τον Homo rhodesiensis έχει προταθεί αρκετές φορές.^[6]

[1]
«GBIF 787018738 Fossil of Homo rhodesiensis Woodward, 1921». GBIF org. Ανακτήθηκε στις 9 Δεκεμβρίου 2015.
[2]
Mounier, Aurélien; Condemi, Silvana; Manzi, Giorgio (April 20, 2011). «The Stem Species of Our Species: A Place for the Archaic Human Cranium from Ceprano, Italy». PLoS ONE (PLOS ONE) 6 (4): e18821. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018821. PMID 21533096. PMC 3080388. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018821. Ανακτήθηκε στις December 10, 2015. "Ceprano clusters in our analysis with other European, African and Asian Mid-Pleistocene specimens – such as Petralona, Dali, Kabwe, Jinniu Shan, Steinheim, and SH5 – furnishing a rather plesiomorphic phenetic link among them. On the basis of this morphological affinity, it seems appropriate to group Ceprano with these fossils, and consider them as a single taxon. The available nomen for this putative species is H. heidelbergensis, whose distinctiveness stands on the retention of a number of archaic traits combined with features that are more derived and independent from any Neandertal ancestry. [...] This result would suggest that H. ergaster survived as a distinct species until 1 Ma, and would discard the validity of the species H. cepranensis [...] Thus we can include the so-called “Ante-Neandertals” from Europe in the same taxonomical unit with other Mid-Pleistocene samples from Africa and continental Asia. Combining the results of the two approaches of our phenetic analysis, Ceprano should be reasonably accommodated as part of a Mid-Pleistocene human taxon H. heidelbergensis, which would include European, African, and Asian specimens. Moreover, the combination of archaic and derived features exhibited by the Italian specimen represents a “node” connecting the different poles of such a polymorphic humanity."
[3]
H. James Birx (10 Ιουνίου 2010). 21st Century Anthropology: A Reference Handbook. SAGE Publications. σελ. 48. ISBN 978-1-4522-6630-5.
[4]
Bernard Wood (31 Μαρτίου 2011). Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, 2 Volume Set. John Wiley & Sons. σελίδες 761–762. ISBN 978-1-4443-4247-5.
[5]
White, Tim D.; Asfaw, B.; DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, H.; Richards, G. D.; Suwa, G.; Howell, F. C. (2003). «Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia». Nature 423 (6491): 742–747. doi:10.1038/nature01669. PMID 12802332.
[6]
Hublin, J.-J. (2013), "The Middle Pleistocene Record. On the Origin of Neandertals, Modern Humans and Others" in: R. David Begun (ed.), A Companion to Paleoanthropology, John Wiley, pp. 517-537 (summary 529–531). "Most, if not all, of the African specimens assigned to H. rhodesiensis (cf heidelbergensis) seem to predate the divergence between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens [viz., assumed at 0.5 Mya prior to the revision by Meyer et al. 2016]. However, a gap in the fossil record, possibly between 400 and 260 ka, blurs the transition or punctuation event that separated H. rhodesiensis and H. sapiens." (p. 532).

Αυτό το λήμμα χρειάζεται επέκταση. Μπορείτε να βοηθήσετε την Βικιπαίδεια επεκτείνοντάς το.

[1] [1]
«GBIF 787018738 Fossil of Homo rhodesiensis Woodward, 1921». GBIF org. Ανακτήθηκε στις 9 Δεκεμβρίου 2015.

[2] [2]
Mounier, Aurélien; Condemi, Silvana; Manzi, Giorgio (April 20, 2011). «The Stem Species of Our Species: A Place for the Archaic Human Cranium from Ceprano, Italy». PLoS ONE (PLOS ONE) 6 (4): e18821. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018821. PMID 21533096. PMC 3080388. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018821. Ανακτήθηκε στις December 10, 2015. "Ceprano clusters in our analysis with other European, African and Asian Mid-Pleistocene specimens – such as Petralona, Dali, Kabwe, Jinniu Shan, Steinheim, and SH5 – furnishing a rather plesiomorphic phenetic link among them. On the basis of this morphological affinity, it seems appropriate to group Ceprano with these fossils, and consider them as a single taxon. The available nomen for this putative species is H. heidelbergensis, whose distinctiveness stands on the retention of a number of archaic traits combined with features that are more derived and independent from any Neandertal ancestry. [...] This result would suggest that H. ergaster survived as a distinct species until 1 Ma, and would discard the validity of the species H. cepranensis [...] Thus we can include the so-called “Ante-Neandertals” from Europe in the same taxonomical unit with other Mid-Pleistocene samples from Africa and continental Asia. Combining the results of the two approaches of our phenetic analysis, Ceprano should be reasonably accommodated as part of a Mid-Pleistocene human taxon H. heidelbergensis, which would include European, African, and Asian specimens. Moreover, the combination of archaic and derived features exhibited by the Italian specimen represents a “node” connecting the different poles of such a polymorphic humanity."

[Birx2010-3] [3]
H. James Birx (10 Ιουνίου 2010). 21st Century Anthropology: A Reference Handbook. SAGE Publications. σελ. 48. ISBN 978-1-4522-6630-5.

[Wood2011-4] [4]
Bernard Wood (31 Μαρτίου 2011). Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, 2 Volume Set. John Wiley & Sons. σελίδες 761–762. ISBN 978-1-4443-4247-5.

[White03-5] [5]
White, Tim D.; Asfaw, B.; DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, H.; Richards, G. D.; Suwa, G.; Howell, F. C. (2003). «Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia». Nature 423 (6491): 742–747. doi:10.1038/nature01669. PMID 12802332.

[6] [6]
Hublin, J.-J. (2013), "The Middle Pleistocene Record. On the Origin of Neandertals, Modern Humans and Others" in: R. David Begun (ed.), A Companion to Paleoanthropology, John Wiley, pp. 517-537 (summary 529–531). "Most, if not all, of the African specimens assigned to H. rhodesiensis (cf heidelbergensis) seem to predate the divergence between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens [viz., assumed at 0.5 Mya prior to the revision by Meyer et al. 2016]. However, a gap in the fossil record, possibly between 400 and 260 ka, blurs the transition or punctuation event that separated H. rhodesiensis and H. sapiens." (p. 532).

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Homo rhodesiensis

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