Die Palpenmotten (Gelechiidae) (lateinisch palpare = streicheln) sind eine Familie der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera). Sie kommen weltweit mit ca. 4600 Arten vor. Etwa 1500 Arten sind in der Paläarktis beheimatet, in der Nearktis kommen 630 Arten vor.[1] Europa wurden mehr als 800 Arten und Unterarten beschrieben,[2] Mitteleuropa 335 Arten vorkommen.[3] Prachtfaltern (Cosmopterigidae) verwandt, mit denen sie in einem Schwesternverhältnis stehen.
Schnelle Fakten Systematik, Wissenschaftlicher Name ...
Schließen
Die Falter erreichen eine Flügelspannweite von acht bis 20 Millimetern und haben einen langgestreckten und schmalen Körper. Die Vorderflügel sind schmal und 2,5- bis 5,5-mal länger als breit. Sie sind meist metallisch gefärbt oder weisen metallische Muster auf. Manche Arten haben aber keine solchen Färbungen. Die Hinterflügel sind überwiegend schmal und mit langen Fransen versehen. Die fadenförmigen Fühler erreichen ungefähr 80 Prozent der Vorderflügellänge. Die meisten Arten haben neben den Facettenaugen auch Punktaugen (Ocelli ). Ihre Maxillarpalpen sind je nach Art gut oder schlecht entwickelt. Der an der Basis geschuppte Saugrüssel ist komplett entwickelt.
Die Vorderflügel haben zehn bis zwölf Flügeladern (meistens zwölf) mit einer Analader (1b). Die Hinterflügel haben neun bis zehn Adern (meistens zehn) mit ein bis drei Analadern (1b oder 1a und 1b oder 1a, 1b und 1c).
Larven des Roten Baumwollkapselwurms (Pectinophora gossypiella ) in einer geöffneten Baumwollfrucht Die Raupen haben je nach Art eine sehr unterschiedliche Lebensweise. Die meisten leben an Blättern, die sie einrollen, Blüten, jungen Sprossen, Samen und Früchten. Manche von ihnen sind Minierer in Nadeln und Blättern, einige wenige Arten leben unterirdisch. Es gibt auch solche, die auf Blättern und Ästen Gallen verursachen. Das Nahrungsspektrum der Palpenmotten umfasst über 80 Pflanzenfamilien und schließt auch Laubmoose und Farne mit ein.
Unter den Palpenmotten gibt es einige Arten die als Schädlinge auftreten, darunter etwa die Tomatenminiermotte (Tuta absoluta Meyrick , 1917Rote Baumwollkapselwurm (Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders , 1844
Die im Folgenden bis zur Gattungsebene dargestellte Systematik basiert auf folgenden Quellen und berücksichtigt die Tribus-Ebene wegen der instabilen Systematik innerhalb der Familie nicht: Fauna Europaea; Huemer & Karsholt, 1999; SangMi Lee, 2009.[2] [4] [5]
Unterfamilie Dichomeridinae
Acompsia Hübner , 1825Anaptilora Meyrick , 1904Anasphaltis Meyrick , 1925Arotria Meyrick , 1904Atasthalistis Meyrick , 1886Brachmia Hübner , 1825Brachyacma Meyrick , 1886Cymotricha Meyrick , 1923Dichomeris Hübner , 1818Empalactis Meyrick , 1925Helcystogramma Zeller , 1877Hyodectis Meyrick , 1904Myconita Meyrick , 1923Scodes Hodges , 1986Streniastis Meyrick , 1904Symbolistis Meyrick , 1904Syndesmica Turner , 1919Xerometra Meyrick , 1925
Unterfamilie Gelechiinae
Acrophiletis Meyrick , 1932Acutitornus Janse , 1951Adelomorpha Snellen , 1885Adoxotricha Meyrick , 1938Adullamitis Meyrick , 1932Aeolotrocha Meyrick , 1921Aerotypia Walsingham , 1911Agnippe Chambers , 1872Agonochaetia Povolny , 1965Allophlebia Janse , 1960Allotelphusa Janse , 1958Alsodryas Meyrick , 1914Altenia Sattler , 1960Ambloma Walsingham , 1908Amblypalpis Ragonot , 1886Amblyphylla Janse , 1960Amphigenes Meyrick , 1921Anacampsis Curtis , 1827Ananarsia Amsel , 1959Anapatetris Janse , 1951Anarsia Zeller , 1839Anastomlopteryx Janse , 1951Anastreblotis Meyrick , 1927Anathyrsotis Meyrick , 1939Angustialata Omelko , 1988Angustiphylla Janse , 1960Anomologa Meyrick , 1926Anomoxena Meyrick , 1917Anthinora Meyrick , 1914Anthistarcha Meyrick , 1925Antithyra Meyrick , 1906Apatetris Staudinger , 1879Aphanostola Meyrick , 1931Apocritica Meyrick , 1925Apodia Heinemann , 1870Aponoea Walsingham , 1905Apotactis Meyrick , 1918Apothetoeca Meyrick , 1922Apotistatus Walsingham , 1904Aproaerema Durrant , 1897Araeophalla Janse , 1960Araeophylla Janse , 1954Araeovalva Janse , 1960Arcutelphusa Lee & Brown , 2008Aregha Chrétien , 1915Argolamprotes Benander , 1945Argophara Janse , 1963Argyrolacia Keifer , 1936Aristotelia Hübner , 1825Aristoteliodes Zimmerman , 1978Arla Clarke , 1942Aroga Busck , 1914Arogalea Walsingham , 1910Arotromima Meyrick , 1929Asapharcha Meyrick , 1920Aspades Vari , 1986Athrips Billberg , 1820Atremaea Staudinger , 1871Aulidiotis Meyrick , 1925Australiopalpa Povolny , 1974Australiopalpula Povolny , 1974Autodectis Meyrick , 1937Axyrostola Meyrick , 1923Bactropaltis Meyrick , 1939Bagdadia Amsel , 1949Barticeja Povolny , 1967Baryzancla Turner , 1933Batenia Chrétien , 1908Battaristis Meyrick , 1914Belovalva Janse , 1963Beltheca Busck , 1914Bilobata Vári , 1986Blastovalva Janse , 1960Brachyzancla Turner , 1947Bruchiana Jörgensen , 1916Bryotropha Heinemann , 1870Bucolarcha Meyrick , 1929Calamotypa Meyrick , 1926Calliphylla Janse , 1963Calliprora Meyrick , 1914Canthonistis Meyrick , 1922Capidentalia Park , 1995Capnosema Janse , 1958Carpatolechia Capuse , 1964Cartericella Fletcher , 1940Caryocolum Gregor and Povolny , 1954Catalexis Walsingham , 1909Catameces Turner , 1919Caulastrocecis Chretien , 1931Cecidophaga Walsingham , 1911Celetodes Meyrick , 1921Cerofrontia Janse , 1951Chalcomima Meyrick , 1929Chaliniastis Meyrick , 1904Charistica Meyrick , 1925Chilopselaphus Mann , 1867Chionodes Hübner , 1825Chlorolychnis Meyrick , 1925Chorivalva Omelko , 1988Chretienella Turati , 1919Chretienia Spuler , 1910Chrysoesthia Hübner , 1816Clepsimacha Meyrick , 1934Clepsimorpha Janse , 1960Clistothyris Zeller , 1877Cnaphostola Meyrick , 1918Coconympha Meyrick , 1931Coleotechnites Chambers , 1880Colonanthes Meyrick , 1923Coloptilia Fletcher , 1940Commatica Meyrick , 1909Compsolechia Meyrick , 1918Compsosaris Meyrick , 1914Coniogyra Meyrick , 1921Coproptilia Snellen , 1903Copticostola Meyrick , 1929Corynaea Turner , 1919Coudia Chretien , 1915Coydalla Walker , 1864Crambodoxa Meyrick , 1913Crasimorpha Meyrick , 1923Craspedotis Meyrick , 1904Crossobela Meyrick , 1923Crypsimaga Meyrick , 1931Curvisignella Janse , 1951Daltopora Povolny , 1979Darlia Clarke , 1950Deltophora Janse , 1950Dendrophilia Ponomarenko , 1993Deroxena Meyrick , 1913Diastaltica Walsingham , 1910Diprotochaeta Diakonoff , 1941Dirhinosia Rebel , 1905Dissoptila Meyrick , 1914Distinxia Povolny , 1967Dolerotricha Meyrick , 1925Dorycnopa Lower , 1901Drepanoterma Walsingham , 1897Elasiprora Meyrick , 1914Emmetrophysis Diakonoff , 1954Empedaula Meyrick , 1918Empista Povolny , 1968Encentrotis Meyrick , 1921Enchrysa Zeller , 1873Encolpotis Meyrick , 1909Ephelictis Meyrick , 1904Ephysteris Meyrick , 1908Epibrontis Meyrick , 1904Epidola Staudinger , 1859Epimesophleps Rebel , 1907Epimimastis Meyrick , 1904Epiparasia Rebel , 1914Epiphthora Meyrick , 1888Episacta Turner , 1919Ergasiola Povolny , 1967Erikssonella Janse , 1960Eripnura Meyrick , 1914Eristhenodes Meyrick , 1935Erythriastis Meyrick , 1925Ethirostoma Meyrick , 1914Euchionodes Clarke , 1950Eudactylota Walsingham , 1911Euhomalocera Diakonoff , 1967Eulamprotes Bradley , 1971Eunebristis Meyrick , 1923Eunomarcha Meyrick , 1923Euryctista Janse , 1963Eurysacca Povolny , 1967Eurysaccoides Povolny , 1998Euscrobipalpa Povolny , 1967Euzonomacha Meyrick , 1925Exceptia Povolny , 1967Excommatica Janse , 1951Exoteleia Wallengren , 1881Faculta Busck , 1939Faristenia Ponomarenko , 1991Fascista Busck , 1939Filatima Busck , 1939Filisignella Janse , 1951Flexiptera Janse , 1958Fortinea Busck , 1914Friseria Busck , 1939Frumenta Busck , 1939Furcaphora Janse , 1958Galtica Busck , 1914Gambrostola Meyrick , 1926Gelechia Hübner , 1825Gladiovalva Sattler , 1960Glauce Chambers , 1875Glycerophthora Meyrick , 1935Gnorimoschema Busck , 1900Gnosimacha Meyrick , 1927Gobipalpa Povolny , 1973Gonaepa Walker , 1866Grandipalpa Janse , 1951Guebla Chretien , 1915Hapalonoma Meyrick , 1914Hapalosaris Meyrick , 1917Haplovalva Janse , 1958Harmatitis Meyrick , 1910Harpagidia Ragonot , 1895Hedma Dumont , 1932Hemiarcha Meyrick , 1904Heterozancla Turner , 1919Hierangela Meyrick , 1864Holcophora Staudinger , 1871Holcophoroides Matsumura , 1931Holophysis Walsingham , 1910Homotima Diakonoff , 1954Horridovalva Sattler , 1967Hypatima Hübner , 1825Hyperecta Meyrick , 1925Idiophantis Meyrick , 1904Ilseopsis Povolny , 1965Irenidora Meyrick , 1938Ischnocraspedus Janse , 1958Ischnophenax Meyrick , 1931Ischnophylla Janse , 1963Isembola Meyrick , 1926Isophrictis Meyrick , 1917Istrianis Meyrick , 1918Iulota Meyrick , 1904Iwaruna Gozmany , 1957Karwandania Amsel , 1959Keiferia Busck , 1939Kiwaia Philpott , 1930Klimeschiopsis Povolny , 1967Lacharissa Meyrick , 1937Lachnostola Meyrick , 1918Lanceopenna Janse , 1950Lanceoptera Janse , 1960Larcophora Meyrick , 1925Lasiarchis Meyrick , 1937Latrologa Meyrick , 1918Leptogeneia Meyrick , 1904Leucogoniella Fletcher , 1940Leucophylla Janse , 1960Leuronoma Meyrick , 1918Leurozancla Turner , 1933Lexiarcha Meyrick , 1916Limenarchis Meyrick , 1926Lixodessa Gozmany , 1957Locharcha Meyrick , 1923Logisis Walsingham , 1909Lophaeola Meyrick , 1932Lutilabria Povolny , 1965Lysipatha Meyrick , 1926Macrenches Meyrick , 1904Macrocalcara Janse , 1951Magnifacia Polvolny , 1967Magonympha Meyrick , 1916Megacraspedus Zeller , 1839Megalocypha Janse , 1960Melitoxestis Meyrick , 1921Melitoxoides Janse , 1958Menecratistis Meyrick , 1933Meridorma Meyrick , 1925Merimnetria Walsingham , 1907Mesophleps Hübner , 1816Metabolaea Meyrick , 1923Metanarsia Staudinger , 1871Metaplatyntis Meyrick , 1938Metatactis Janse , 1949Meteoristis Meyrick , 1923Metopleura Busck , 1912Metzneria Zeller , 1839Mirificarma Gozmany , 1955Mnesistega Meyrick , 1918Molopostola Meyrick , 1920Monochroa Heinemann , 1870Naera Chambers , 1875Narthecoceros Meyrick , 1906Nealyda Dietz , 1900Neodactylota Busck , 1903Neofaculta Gozmany , 1955Neofriseria Sattler , 1960Neolechia Diakonoff , 1948Neopalpa Povolny , 1998Neopatetris Janse , 1960Neoschema Povolny , 1967Neotelphusa Janse , 1958Nevadopalpa Povolny , 1998Nothris Hübner , 1816Numata Busck , 1906Ochmastis Meyrick , 1908Ochrodia Povolny , 1966Octonodula Janse , 1951Oegoconiodes Matsumura , 1931Oestomorpha Walsingham , 1911Oncerozancla Turner , 1933Opacopsis Povolny , 1964Organitis Meyrick , 1906Ornativalva Gozmany , 1955Orphanoclera Meyrick , 1925Orthoptila Meyrick , 1904Oxylechia Meyrick , 1917Pachygeneia Meyrick , 1923Palintropa Meyrick , 1913Paltoloma Ghesquiere , 1940Pancoenia Meyrick , 1904Panicotricha Meyrick , 1913Panplatyceros Diakonoff , 1951Parabola Janse , 1950Parachronistis Meyrick , 1925Paralida Clarke , 1958Parametanarsia Gerasimov , 1930Paranarsia Ragonot , 1895Parapsectris Meyrick , 1911Paraselotis Janse , 1960Parastega Meyrick , 1912Parastenolechia Kanazawa , 1985Paratelphusa Janse , 1958Parathectis Janse , 1958Parelectroides Clarke , 1952Pauroneura Turner , 1919Pavolechia Busck , 1914Pelocnistis Meyrick , 1932Perioristica Walsingham , 1910Petalostomella Fletcher , 1940Peucoteles Meyrick , 1931Phaeotypa Turner , 1944Phanerophalla Janse , 1960Pharangitis Meyrick , 1905Phloeocecis Chretien , 1908Phloeograptis Meyrick , 1904Phobetica Turner , 1944Photodotis Meyrick , 1911Phricogenes Meyrick , 1931Phthoracma Meyrick , 1921Phthorimaea Meyrick , 1902Phylopatris Meyrick , 1923Physoptila Meyrick , 1914Pilocrates Meyrick , 1920Piskunovia Omelko , 1988Pithanurga Meyrick , 1921Pityocona Meyrick , 1918Platymacha Meyrick , 1933Platyphalla Janse , 1951Plectrocosma Meyrick , 1921Pogochaetia Staudinger , 1879Polyhymno Chambers , 1874Pragmatodes Walsingham , 1908Proadamas Meyrick , 1929Procharista Meyrick , 1922Prodosiarcha Meyrick , 1904Prolita Leraut , 1993Promolopica Meyrick , 1925Proselotis Meyrick , 1914Prosodarma Meyrick , 1925Proteodoxa Meyrick , 1938Protolechia Meyrick , 1903Protoparachronistis Omelko , 1986Psamathocrita Meyrick , 1925Pseudarla Clarke , 1965Pseudathrips Povolny , 1986Pseudochelaria Dietz , 1900Pseudoteleia Amsel , 1935Pseudotelphusa Janse , 1958Psoricoptera Stainton , 1854Ptilostonychia Walsingham , 1911Ptocheuusa Heinemann , 1870Ptycerata Ely , 1910Ptychovalva Janse , 1958Pycnodytis Meyrick , 1918Pyncostola Meyrick , 1917Radionerva Janse , 1951Recurvaria Haworth , 1828Reichardtiella Filipjev , 1931Rhynchopacha Meyrick , 1923Rifseria Hodges , 1966Rotundivalva Janse , 1951Sarotorna Meyrick , 1904Satrapodoxa Meyrick , 1925Sautereopsis Povolny , 1965Schemataspis Meyrick , 1918Schistophila Chrétien , 1899Schizovalva Janse , 1951Schmidtnielsenia Povolny , 1987Schneidereria Weber , 1957Scindalmota Turner , 1919Sclerocecis Chrétien , 1908Sclerocopa Meyrick , 1937Sclerograptis Meyrick , 1923Sclerophantis Meyrick , 1935Scrobipalpa Janse , 1951Scrobipalpoides Povolny , 1985Scrobipalpomima Povolny , 1985Scrobipalpopsis Povolny , 1967Scrobipalpula Povolny , 1964Scrobipalpuloides Povolny , 1987Scrobipalpulopsis Povolny , 1987Scrobischema Povolny , 1980Scrobitasta Povolny , 1985Semocharista Meyrick , 1922Sicera Chretien , 1908Sinevia Omelko , 1998Sinoe Chambers , 1873Smenodoca Meyrick , 1904Sophronia Hübner , 1825Sorotacta Meyrick , 1914Spermanthrax Meyrick , 1936Sphaleractis Meyrick , 1904Sphenocrates Meyrick , 1925Sphenogrypa Meyrick , 1920Sriferia Hodges , 1966Stachyostoma Meyrick , 1923Stagmaturgis Meyrick , 1923Stegasta Meyrick , 1904Stenolechia Meyrick , 1894Stenolechioides Elsner , 1996Stenovalva Amsel , 1955Steremniodes Meyrick , 1923Stereodmeta Meyrick , 1931Stereomita Braun , 1922Sterrhostoma Meyrick , 1935Stibarenches Meyrick , 1930Stigmatoptera Hartig , 1936Stiphrostola Meyrick , 1923Stomopteryx Heinemann , 1870Strenophila Meyrick , 1913Streyella Janse , 1958Strobisia Clemens , 1860Symbatica Meyrick , 1910Symmetrischema Povolny , 1967Symphanactis Meyrick , 1925Synactias Meyrick , 1931Syncathedra Meyrick , 1923Syncopacma Meyrick , 1925Syngelechia Janse , 1958Tabernillaia Walsingham , 1911Tahla Dumont , 1932Tanycyttara Turner , 1933Tecia Kieffer & Jorgensen , 1910Teleiodes Sattler , 1960Teleiopsis Sattler , 1960Telephata Meyrick , 1916Telephila Meyrick , 1923Telphusa Chambers , 1872Thaumaturgis Meyrick , 1934Theisoa Chambers , 1874Thiognatha Meyrick , 1920Thriophora Meyrick , 1911Thrypsigenes Meyrick , 1914Thymosopha Meyrick , 1914Thyrsostoma Meyrick , 1907Tila Povolny , 1965Tiranimia Chrétien , 1915Tituacia Walker , 1864Togia Walker , 1864Tosca Heinrich , 1920Toxotacma Meyrick , 1929Tricerophora Janse , 1958Trichembola Meyrick , 1918Tricyanaula Meyrick , 1925Tricyphistis Meyrick , 1934Tritadelpha Meyrick , 1904Trychnopalpa Janse , 1958Trypanisma Clemens , 1860Trypherogenes Meyrick , 1931Turcopalpa Povolny , 1973Tuta Kieffer & Jorgensen , 1910Uncustriodonta Agenjo , 1952Untomia Busck , 1906Vadenia Caradja , 1933Vladimirea Povolny , 1967Xenolechia Meyrick , 1895Xystophora Wocke , 1876Ymeldia Hodges , 1965Zeempista Povolny , 1974Zelosyne Walsingham , 1911Zizyphia Chrétien , 1908
Unterfamilie Pexicopiinae
Anisoplaca Meyrick , 1885Chelophoba Meyrick , 1935Coleostoma Meyrick , 1922Decatopseustis Meyrick , 1925Encolapta Meyrick , 1913Epilechia Busck , 1939Ethmiopsis Meyrick , 1935Haplochela Meyrick , 1923Leistogenes Meyrick , 1927Macracaena Common , 1958Mometa Durrant , 1914Palumbina Rondani , 1876Pectinophora Busck , 1917Pessograptis Meyrick , 1923Pexicopia Common , 1958Phrixocrita Meyrick , 1935Platyedra Meyrick , 1895Porpodryas Meyrick , 1920Prostomeus Busck , 1903Semnostoma Meyrick , 1918Semophylax Meyrick , 1932Sitotroga Heinemann , 1870Syncratomorpha Meyrick , 1929Thiotricha Meyrick , 1886Tornodoxa Meyrick , 1921Trachyedra Meyrick , 1929
Acraeologa Meyrick , 1921Agathactis Meyrick , 1929Amphitrias Meyrick , 1908Anaphaula Walsingham , 1904Anterethista Meyrick , 1914Apopira Walsingham , 1911Bactrolopha Lower , 1901Besciva Busck , 1914Brachypsaltis Meyrick , 1931Calyptrotis Meyrick , 1891Carbatina Meyrick , 1913Carterica Meyrick , 1925Catatinagma Rebel , 1903Catoptristis Meyrick , 1925Caulastrocesis Chretien , 1931Cauloecista Dumont , 1928Cecidonostola Amsel , 1958Cerycangela Meyrick , 1925Cochlevalva Omelko , 1986Copocercia Zeller , 1877Cotyloscia Meyrick , 1923Cratinitis Meyrick , 1935Dactylethrella Fletcher , 1940Dactylotula Cockerell , 1888Dectobathra Meyrick , 1904Dentivalva Omelko , 1986Deoclona Busck , 1903Desmaucha Meyrick , 1918Dicranucha Janse , 1954Epicharma Walsingham , 1897Epistomotis Meyrick , 1906Eustalodes Meyrick , 1927Fapua Keiffer & Jorgensen , 1910Ficulea Walker , 1864Furcatisacculus Omelko , 1986Gaesa Walker , 1864Geniadophora Walsingham , 1897Glaphyrerga Meyrick , 1925Heliangara Meyrick , 1906Holaxyra Meyrick , 1913Homoshelas Meyrick , 1935Hylograptis Meyrick , 1910Hypodrasia Diakonoff , 1967Ilarches Meyrick , 1933Ilingiotis Meyrick , 1914Inotica Meyrick , 1913Ivanauskiella Ivinskis & Piskunov , 1980Kahelia Turati , 1922Lacistodes Meyrick , 1907Laris Omelko , 1988Lata Kieffer & Jorgensen , 1910Mesogelechia Omelko , 1986Metopios Lucas , 1945Microcraspedus Janse , 1958Myrophila Meyrick , 1923Oecocecis Guenee , 1870Orsotricha Meyrick , 1914Oxypteryx Rebel , 1911Pachysaris Meyrick , 1914Paltodora Meyrick , 1894Parallactis Meyrick , 1925Paranoea Walsingham , 1911Parapodia Joannis , 1912Parelectra Meyrick , 1925Pelostola Janse , 1960Plocamosaris Meyrick , 1912Proactica Walsingham , 1904Prophoraula Meyrick , 1922Scythostola Meyrick , 1925Semiomeris Meyrick , 1923Simoneura Walsingham , 1911Sphagiocrates Meyrick , 1925Struempelia Amsel , 1977Syneunetis Wallengren , 1881Syrmadaula Meyrick , 1918Taphrosaris Meyrick , 1922Teuchophanes Meyrick , 1914Thelyasceta Meyrick , 1923Thyrsomnestis Meyrick , 1929Uliaria Dumont , 1921
Einzelnachweise
P. Huemer, O. Karsholt : Gelechiidae I. (Gelechiinae: Teleiodini, Gelechiini) . In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (Hrsg.): Microlepidoptera of Europe . 1. Auflage. Band . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1999, ISBN 87-88757-25-0 (englisch). 
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