Adfent

I lawer o eglwysi Cristnogol, tymor o ddisgwyl a pharatoi ar gyfer dathlu geni'r Iesu ar adeg y Nadolig ac ail-ddyfodiad Iesu yw'r Adfent. Mae'r term yn fersiwn o'r gair Lladin sy'n golygu "dyfodiad". Mae'r term "adfent" hefyd yn cael ei ddefnyddio gan yr Eglwys Uniongred Ddwyreiniol ar gyfer ympryd 40 diwrnod i nodi'r geni.^[1]

Thumb — Rhith yr Adfent gyda thair cannwyl fioled o amgylch Cannwyll Crist yn y canol

Y gair Lladin adventus yw'r cyfieithiad o'r gair Groeg parousia, sy'n aml yn cael ei ddefnyddio i gyfeirio at Ail-ddyfodiad Crist. I Gristnogion, mae tymor yr Adfent yn cyfeirio at ddyfodiad Crist o dri gwahanol safbwynt: yn y cnawd ym Methlehem, yn eu calonnau yn feunyddiol, ac yn ei ogoniant ar ddiwedd amser.^[2] Mae'r tymor yn gyfle i ymdeimlo'r hen ddyhead am ddyfodiad y Meseia, a bod yn barod ar gyfer yr Ail-ddyfodiad.

Yr Adfent yw dechrau'r flwyddyn litwrgaidd yn y Gorllewin, sy'n dechrau ar y pedwerydd Sul cyn y Nadolig (weithiau yn cael ei adnabod fel Sul yr Adfent), y Sul agosaf i Ddydd Gwyl Sant Andreas (30 November), yn Nefod Rhufeinig yr Eglwys Gatholig, Defod Orllewinol yr Eglwys Uniongred, ac yng nghalendrau'r Eglwysi Anglicanaidd, Lutheraidd, Morafaidd, Presbyteraidd, a Methodistaidd.^[3] Yn Nefodau Ambrosaidd a Mosarabig yr Eglwys Gatholig, mae'r Adfent yn dechrau ar y chweched Sul cyn y Nadolig, y Sul sy'n dilyn Dydd Gwyl Sant Martin (11 Tachwedd).

Mae'r arferion sy'n gysylltiedig a'r Adfent yn cynnwys cadw calendr Adfent, goleuo rhith Adfent, offrymu gweddi o ddefosiwn dyddiol, gosod coeden Nadolig neu goeden Crismon, goleuo Cristingl,^[4] yngyd a dulliau eraill o baratoi ar gyfer y Nadolig, fel gosod addurniadau Nadolig,^[5]^[6]^[7] arferiad sydd weithiau yn cael eu gyflawni yn litwrgaidd trwy seremoni gosod y gwyrddion.^[8]^[9] Ympryd y Geni yw'r enw sy'n cael ei roi i'r wyl gyfatebol i'r Adfent mewn Cristnogaeth Ddwyreiniol, ond mae'n wahanol o ran ei hyd ac arferion, ac nid yw'n dechrau'r flwyddyn litwrgaidd fel y gwna yn y Gorllewin. Nid yw Ympryd y Geni yn y Dwyrain yn defnyddio'r parousia cyfatebol yn ei wasanaethau paratoawl.^[10]

[1]
perspective., Articles on moral / morality from Orthodox Christian. "Fr. Patrick Henry Reardon -- The Origins of Advent". orthodoxytoday.org. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2017-11-13. Cyrchwyd 15 November 2017.
[2]
Pfatteicher, Philip H., "Journey into the Heart of God: Living the Liturgical Year", Oxford University Press, 2013 ISBN 9780199997145
[3]
Company, Our Sunday Visitor Catholic Publishing. "Our Sunday Visitor Catholic Publishing Company > My Faith > Church Seasons and Feasts > Advent". osv.com. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2018-07-14. Cyrchwyd 15 Tachwedd 2017.
[4]
Geddes, Gordon; Griffiths, Jane (2001). Christianity. Heinemann. t. 99. ISBN 978-0-435-30695-3. Many churches hold Christingle services during Advent. Children are given a Christingle.adaa
[5]
The Lutheran Witness. 80. Concordia Publishing House. 1961.
[6]
Michelin (10 Hydref 2012). Germany Green Guide Michelin 2012–2013. Michelin. t. 73. ISBN 9782067182110. Advent – The four weeks before Christmas are celebrated by counting down the days with an advent calendar, hanging up Christmas decorations and lightning an additional candle every Sunday on the four-candle advent wreath.
[7]
Normark, Helena (1997). Modern Christmas. Graphic Garden. Christmas in Sweden starts with Advent, which is the await for the arrival of Jesus. The symbol for it is the Advent candlestick with four candles in it, and we light one more candle for each of the four Sundays before Christmas. Most people start putting up the Christmas decorations on the first of Advent.
[8]
Kennedy, Rodney Wallace; Hatch, Derek C (27 Awst 2013). Baptists at Work in Worship. Wipf and Stock Publishers. t. 147. ISBN 978-1-62189-843-6. There are a variety or worship practices that enable a congregation to celebrate Advent: lighting an advent wreath, a hanging of the greens service, a Chrismon tree, and an Advent devotional booklet.
[9]
Rice, Howard L.; Huffstutler, James C. (1 Ionawr 2001). Reformed Worship. Westminster John Knox Press. t. 197. ISBN 978-0-664-50147-1. Another popular activity is the "Hanging of the Greens," a service in which the sanctuary is decorated for Christmas.
[10]
"Four Reasons It's Not 'Advent.'". Kevin (Basil) Fritts. Cyrchwyd 29 Medi 2014.

[1] [1]
perspective., Articles on moral / morality from Orthodox Christian. "Fr. Patrick Henry Reardon -- The Origins of Advent". orthodoxytoday.org. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2017-11-13. Cyrchwyd 15 November 2017.

[2] [2]
Pfatteicher, Philip H., "Journey into the Heart of God: Living the Liturgical Year", Oxford University Press, 2013 ISBN 9780199997145

[3] [3]
Company, Our Sunday Visitor Catholic Publishing. "Our Sunday Visitor Catholic Publishing Company > My Faith > Church Seasons and Feasts > Advent". osv.com. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2018-07-14. Cyrchwyd 15 Tachwedd 2017.

[GeddesGriffiths2001-4] [4]
Geddes, Gordon; Griffiths, Jane (2001). Christianity. Heinemann. t. 99. ISBN 978-0-435-30695-3. Many churches hold Christingle services during Advent. Children are given a Christingle.adaa

[5] [5]
The Lutheran Witness. 80. Concordia Publishing House. 1961.

[Michelin2012-6] [6]
Michelin (10 Hydref 2012). Germany Green Guide Michelin 2012–2013. Michelin. t. 73. ISBN 9782067182110. Advent – The four weeks before Christmas are celebrated by counting down the days with an advent calendar, hanging up Christmas decorations and lightning an additional candle every Sunday on the four-candle advent wreath.

[Normark1997-7] [7]
Normark, Helena (1997). Modern Christmas. Graphic Garden. Christmas in Sweden starts with Advent, which is the await for the arrival of Jesus. The symbol for it is the Advent candlestick with four candles in it, and we light one more candle for each of the four Sundays before Christmas. Most people start putting up the Christmas decorations on the first of Advent.

[KennedyHatch2013-8] [8]
Kennedy, Rodney Wallace; Hatch, Derek C (27 Awst 2013). Baptists at Work in Worship. Wipf and Stock Publishers. t. 147. ISBN 978-1-62189-843-6. There are a variety or worship practices that enable a congregation to celebrate Advent: lighting an advent wreath, a hanging of the greens service, a Chrismon tree, and an Advent devotional booklet.

[RiceHuffstutler2001-9] [9]
Rice, Howard L.; Huffstutler, James C. (1 Ionawr 2001). Reformed Worship. Westminster John Knox Press. t. 197. ISBN 978-0-664-50147-1. Another popular activity is the "Hanging of the Greens," a service in which the sanctuary is decorated for Christmas.

[10] [10]
"Four Reasons It's Not 'Advent.'". Kevin (Basil) Fritts. Cyrchwyd 29 Medi 2014.

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