Malajci

Malajci (malajski: Orang Melayu; Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) jesu austronezijska etnoreligijska grupa porijeklom iz istočne Sumatre, Malajsko poluostrvo i obalnog Bornea, kao i manjih ostrva koja se nalaze između ovih lokacija. Ove lokacije su danas dio zemalja Malezije, Indonezije (istočna i južna Sumatra, ostrva Bangka Belitung, Zapadni Kalimantan i Riau ostrva), južnog dijela Tajlanda (Pattani, Satun, Songkhla, Yala i Narathiwat), Singapura i Bruneja.

Malajci
Orang Melayu
Ukupna populacija
oko 30.000.000
Značajno stanovništvo u
Malezija (2023 popis)	17.600.000[note 1]
Indonezija (2010 popis)	8.753.791[note 2][1][2]
Tajland	2.150.950[3]
Singapur (2020 popis)	545.498[note 3][4]
Brunej	314.560[5]
Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Arapski svijet	oko 50.000[6][7]
Australija	33.183[8]
Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo	oko 33.000
SAD	29.431[9]
Mjanmar	oko 27.000
Kanada	16.920[10]
Japan	11.287[11]
Jezik
Malajski jezik
Vjera
Islam
Vezane etničke grupe
Ostali austronezijski narodi

Postoji značajna jezička, kulturna, umjetnička i društvena raznolikost među mnogim malajskim podgrupama, uglavnom zbog stotina godina imigracije i asimilacije različitih regionalnih etničkih grupa i plemena unutar pomorske jugoistočne Azije. Istorijski gledano, malajska populacija potiče prvenstveno od ranijih Austronezijanaca i austroazijskih plemena koji su govorili malajski koji su osnovali nekoliko drevnih pomorskih trgovačkih država i kraljevstava, posebno Brunej, Kedah, Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, Melayu i Srivijaya.^[12][13]

Pojava Malaka sultanata u 15. vijeku pokrenula je veliku revoluciju u malajskoj historiji, čiji značaj leži u njegovom dalekosežnom političkom i kulturnom naslijeđu. Smatra se da su uobičajeni definitivne karakteristike malajstva – religija islama, malajski jezik i tradicija – proglašeni tokom ove ere, što je rezultiralo etnogenezom Malajaca kao glavne etnoreligijske grupe u regiji.^[14] U književnosti, arhitekturi, kuhinji, tradicionalnoj nošnji, izvođačkim umjetnostima, borilačkim vještinama i kraljevskim dvorskim tradicijama, Malaka je postavila standard koji su kasnije malajski sultanati oponašali. Zlatno doba malajskih sultanata na Malajskom poluostrvu, Sumatri i Borneu je rezultiralo time što su mnogi njihovi stanovnici, posebno iz različitih plemenskih zajednica kao što su Batak, Dayak, Orang Asli i Orang Laut, postali islamizirani i malajizirani.^[15] Tokom historije, termin "malajski" je proširen na druge etničke grupe unutar "malajskog svijeta"; ova upotreba je danas uglavnom ograničena na Maleziju i Singapur,^[16] gdje se potomci imigranata iz ove etničke grupe nazivaju anak dagang ("trgovci") i koji su pretežno s indonezijskog arhipelaga kao što su Ačehci, Banjarese, Bugis, Mandailing , Minangkabau i Javanci.

Tokom svoje historije, Malajci su bili poznati kao obalna trgovačka zajednica sa fluidnim kulturnim karakteristikama.^[17][18] Oni su apsorbirali, dijelili i prenijeli brojne kulturne karakteristike drugih lokalnih etničkih grupa, poput onih Minanga i Ačehaca.

Napomene

1. Podaci popisa stanovništva u Maleziji ne razlikuju nemalajske indonežanske etničke grupe (kao što su Javanci) kao zasebne etničke grupe, već ih uključuju među "Malajce".
2. Ovaj broj daje samo etničku populaciju koja se nalazi pod pojmom "malajski" prema definiciji indonežanske vlade, naime Melayu Asahan, Melayu Deli, Melayu Riau, Langkat/ Melayu Langkat, Melayu Banyu Asin, Asahan, Melayu, Melayu Lahat i Melayu Semendo u nekim dijelovima Sumatre
3. Podaci sa popisa stanovništva u Singapuru ne razlikuju nemalajske indonežanske etničke grupe kao zasebne etničke grupe, već ih uključuju među "Malajce", iako, na primjer, oni javanskog porijekla čine oko 60% Singapurska "malajska" populacije.

Reference

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5. "CIA (B)"
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12. Milner 2010, str. 24, 33.
13. Barnard 2004, str. 7 & 60.
14. Melayu Online 2005.
15. Milner 2010, str. 200, 232.
16. Milner 2010, str. 10 & 185.
17. Milner 2010, str. 131.
18. Barnard 2004, str. 7, 32, 33 & 43.

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• "Sejarah Orang Melayu Sarawak" [The History of Sarawakian Malay] (jezik: malajski). Amanah Khairat Yayasan Melayu Sarawak. Pristupljeno 22. 6. 2022.