Šiizam

Šiitski islam ili Šiizam (arapski: شيعة) je druga po veličini islamska denominacija.

Šija je skraćenica od Ši'at Ali (Alijina stranka). Šiiti su sljedbenici Alije ibn Ebu-Taliba, koji je bio rođak i zet islamskog Poslanika Muhammeda i otac Muhammedovih jedinih potomaka. On je bio starješina Ehli-bejta, Poslanikovog doma poslije njegove smrti. Šiitski muslimani vjeruju da je Alija direktni nasljednik i vođa svih muslimana poslije Poslanikove smrti,^[1]^[2] te da mu je nepravdom to mjesto uskraćeno. Sunitski muslimani vjeruju da je Ebu-Bekr, prvi halifa poslije Muhammeda, legitimno dobio vodstvo nad hilafetom.

Ovaj pogled je prvenstveno u suprotnosti sa stavom sunitskog islama, čiji sljedbenici vjeruju da Muhammed nije imenovao nasljednika prije svoje smrti i smatraju Ebu-Bekra, kojeg je grupa starijih muslimana u Sakifi postavila za halifu, prvim zakonitim (rašidun) halifom nakon Muhammeda.^[3] Pristaše šiitskog islama nazivaju se šiitski muslimani, šiiti, ili jednostavno šije.^[4]

Šiitski islam je zasnovan na hadiskom izvještaju u vezi s Muhammedovom izjavom o događajima na Gadir-Humu.^[1]^[5]^[6] Šiitski muslimani vjeruju da je Alija, Muhammedov rođak i zet, trebao biti imenovani nasljednik Muhammeda kao islamskog duhovnog i političkog vođe.^[1]^[7] Ovo vjerovanje se kasnije razvilo u koncept imama, ideju da su određeni Muhammedovi potomci, Ehli-bejt, zakoniti vladari ili imami,^[7] za koje šiitski muslimani vjeruju da posjeduju poseban duhovni i politički autoritet nad muslimanskom zajednicom.^[1]^[8] Iako postoji mnogo šiitskih sekti, moderni šiitski islam je podijeljen u dvije glavne grupe: Dvanaestoimamci i Ismailije, pri čemu su dvanaestoimamci najveća i najutjecajnija grupa među šiiatskim muslimanima.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Šiitski islam je druga najveća grana islama, koju slijedi 10-15% svih muslimana.^[12] Dvanaestoimamci su najveća grana šiitskog islama,^[13] koji čini oko 85% svih šiiitskih muslimana.^[14]

Također pogledajte

Reference

[1]
Foody, Kathleen (septembar 2015). Jain, Andrea R. (ured.). "Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion. 83 (3): 599–623. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfv029. eISSN 1477-4585. ISSN 0002-7189. JSTOR 24488178. LCCN sc76000837. OCLC 1479270. For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the “lord” or “master” of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century.
[2]
Olawuyi, Toyib (2014). On the Khilafah of Ali over Abu Bakr. str. 3. ISBN 978-1-4928-5884-3. Arhivirano s originala, 22. 4. 2016.
[3]
"The Shura Principle in Islam – by Sadek Sulaiman". www.alhewar.com. Arhivirano s originala, 27. 7. 2016. Pristupljeno 18. 6. 2016.
[4]
"Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism". BBC News (jezik: engleski). 4. 1. 2016. Pristupljeno 14. 8. 2021.
[5]
Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam". Oxford University Press, 2002 | ISBN 978-0-19-515713-0. str. 40
[6]
"From the article on Shii Islam in Oxford Islamic Studies Online". Oxfordislamicstudies.com. Arhivirano s originala, 28. 5. 2012. Pristupljeno 4. 5. 2011.
[7]
Goldziher, I.; van Arendonk, C.; Tritton, A.S. (2012). "Ahl al- Bayt". u P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (ured.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd izd.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0378.
[8]
"Lesson 13: Imam's Traits". Al-Islam.org. 13. 1. 2015. Arhivirano s originala, 9. 2. 2015.
[9]
Tabataba'i (1979), str. 76
[10]
God's rule: the politics of world religions, str. 146, Jacob Neusner, 2003
[11]
Esposito, John. What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam, Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-515713-0. str. 40
[12]
"Mapping the Global Muslim Population". 7. 10 .2009. Arhivirano s originala, 14. 12. 2015. Pristupljeno 10. 12. 2014. The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10–13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10–15%. Provjerite vrijednost datuma u parametru: |date= (pomoć)
[13]
Newman, Andrew J. (2013). "Introduction". Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722. Edinburgh University Press. str. 2. ISBN 978-0-7486-7833-4. Arhivirano s originala, 1. 5. 2016. Pristupljeno 13. 10. 2015.
[14]
Guidère, Mathieu (2012). Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism. Scarecrow Press. str. 319. ISBN 978-0-8108-7965-2.

Vanjski linkovi

http://www.roshd.org/ Arhivirano 28. 8. 2008. na Wayback Machine

Commons logo

Commons ima datoteke na temu: Šiizam

[jaarel_2015-1] [1]
Foody, Kathleen (septembar 2015). Jain, Andrea R. (ured.). "Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion. 83 (3): 599–623. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfv029. eISSN 1477-4585. ISSN 0002-7189. JSTOR 24488178. LCCN sc76000837. OCLC 1479270. For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the “lord” or “master” of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century.

[2] [2]
Olawuyi, Toyib (2014). On the Khilafah of Ali over Abu Bakr. str. 3. ISBN 978-1-4928-5884-3. Arhivirano s originala, 22. 4. 2016.

[3] [3]
"The Shura Principle in Islam – by Sadek Sulaiman". www.alhewar.com. Arhivirano s originala, 27. 7. 2016. Pristupljeno 18. 6. 2016.

[4] [4]
"Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism". BBC News (jezik: engleski). 4. 1. 2016. Pristupljeno 14. 8. 2021.

[Esposito,_John_2002._str._40-5] [5]
Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam". Oxford University Press, 2002 | ISBN 978-0-19-515713-0. str. 40

[6] [6]
"From the article on Shii Islam in Oxford Islamic Studies Online". Oxfordislamicstudies.com. Arhivirano s originala, 28. 5. 2012. Pristupljeno 4. 5. 2011.

[Goldziher,_I._2012-7] [7]
Goldziher, I.; van Arendonk, C.; Tritton, A.S. (2012). "Ahl al- Bayt". u P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (ured.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd izd.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0378.

[franc46-8] [8]
"Lesson 13: Imam's Traits". Al-Islam.org. 13. 1. 2015. Arhivirano s originala, 9. 2. 2015.

[9] [9]
Tabataba'i (1979), str. 76

[10] [10]
God's rule: the politics of world religions, str. 146, Jacob Neusner, 2003

[11] [11]
Esposito, John. What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam, Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-515713-0. str. 40

[PEW2009-12] [12]
"Mapping the Global Muslim Population". 7. 10 .2009. Arhivirano s originala, 14. 12. 2015. Pristupljeno 10. 12. 2014. The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10–13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10–15%. Provjerite vrijednost datuma u parametru: |date= (pomoć)

[Newman2013-13] [13]
Newman, Andrew J. (2013). "Introduction". Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722. Edinburgh University Press. str. 2. ISBN 978-0-7486-7833-4. Arhivirano s originala, 1. 5. 2016. Pristupljeno 13. 10. 2015.

[14] [14]
Guidère, Mathieu (2012). Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism. Scarecrow Press. str. 319. ISBN 978-0-8108-7965-2.

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