Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)
Territories of China controlled by the Communist Party during the civil war / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
During the period between 1927 to 1949 in the Republican era amidst the Chinese Civil War against the Nationalist government, the Soviet-backed Chinese Communist Party (CCP) had established a handful number of sphere of influence zones, collectively known as Revolutionary Base Areas, which included the terms Soviet Zone from 1927 to 1937 during the First Chinese Civil War and the Anti-Japanese Base Areas during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After the outbreak of the Second Chinese Civil War, the term Liberated Zone was used from 1946 until the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
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Soviet Zone (1927–1937) 蘇區 Anti-Japanese Base Areas (1937–1946) 抗日根據地 Liberated Zone (1946–1949) 解放區 | |||||||||||||||||
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1927–1949 | |||||||||||||||||
Motto: "Proletariats and oppressed peoples of the world, unite!" (Chinese: 全世界無產階級和被壓迫的民族聯合起來!) | |||||||||||||||||
Anthem: "The Internationale" (Chinese: 國際歌)[1] | |||||||||||||||||
Status | Unrecognized proto-state controlled by CCP during the Chinese Civil War | ||||||||||||||||
Capital | Jinggangshan (1927–30) Ruijin (1931–34) Zhidan (1935) Yan'an (1936–47) Xibaipo (1948–49) Peiping (1949) | ||||||||||||||||
Official languages | Standard Chinese | ||||||||||||||||
Government | Leninist one-party socialist republic | ||||||||||||||||
Historical era | Chinese Civil War Cold War (from 1947) | ||||||||||||||||
1 August 1927 | |||||||||||||||||
7 November 1931 | |||||||||||||||||
6 September 1937 | |||||||||||||||||
22 September 1937–2 September 1945 | |||||||||||||||||
19 March 1947 | |||||||||||||||||
31 January 1949 | |||||||||||||||||
23 April 1949 | |||||||||||||||||
1 October 1949 | |||||||||||||||||
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Revolutionary Base Area of the Communist Party of China | |||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 中國共產黨革命根據地 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 中国共产党革命根据地 | ||||||||||
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Soviet Zone | |||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 蘇區 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 苏区 | ||||||||||
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Liberated Zone | |||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 解放區 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 解放区 | ||||||||||
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There were six soviet areas from 1927 to 1933: the Jinggang Mountains, the Central Soviet in Eastern Jiangxi on the border of Fujian, the Eyuwan Soviet, Xiangexi (West Hubei and Hunan), and Xianggan (Hunan-Jiangxi). The first soviet was the Hailufeng Soviet created in 1927. The Central Soviet was the main base of the CCP where its leader Mao Zedong issued a directive on 1 September 1931 for the Central Soviet to mass mobilize the region as a base area. As problems occurred over being able to control territories outside the Central Soviet, by 1933 a full transfer of CCP forces to the Central Soviet was achieved.[2] In 1931, the disconnected areas controlled by the CCP were declared the Chinese Soviet Republic.
Somewhat separately from the Chinese Soviets, there was a pro-Soviet Union protectorate ruled by Sheng Shicai following the Soviet invasion of Xinjiang.[3] Sheng switched between alliance and hostility to the communists in the east.[4]
Upon the intervention of the Soviet Union against Japan in World War II in 1945, USSR forces invaded the Japanese client state of Manchukuo. Mao Zedong in April and May 1945 had planned to mobilize 150,000 to 250,000 soldiers from across China to work with forces of the Soviet Union in capturing Manchuria.[5] After the end of the war, the CCP controlled one-third of the territory of China. From 1945 to 1949, in the Chinese Communist Revolution, the CCP captured all Chinese territory except for Taiwan and the fragments of Fujian, and established the People's Republic of China that exists today.