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Umthelela wegciwane le-COVID-19 esimeni semvelo

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Umthelela wegciwane le-COVID-19 esimeni semvelo
Umthelela wegciwane le-COVID-19 esimeni semveloIsendlaleloUkungcola komoya  EzasolwandleEzepolitikiOkungahle kwenzeke uma izinto zibuyela esimeni sazoReference List

Ukuphazamiseka komhlaba wonke okudalwe ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19[1] sekube nemithelela eminingi emvelweni nasesimeni sezulu. Ukwehla kokuzulazula[2] kwabantu sekudale ukuthi ezinye izindawo zibone ukwehla kokungcola komoya. Ukuvalwa kezwe kanye nezinye izinyathelo ezithathiwe eShayina kubonise ukwehla komoya odala ukugcola.[3] Omunye usosayensi wezinhlelo zomhlaba ulinganise ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kusindise kungenani izimpilo zabantu abangama-77 000 ezinyangeni ezimbili[4] . Ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kuphinde kwaphazamisa izinhlelo zokubuyisana ngezemvelo, okudale nokuhlehliswa kwenkomfa yezemvelo ebizwa nge-2020 United Nations Climate Change Conference[5]. Ukuwa kwezomnotho okudalwe ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo emhlabeni wonke kulinganiselwe ukuthi kuzokwehlisa utshalozimali emkhalheni wezentuthuko ze-green energy.[6]

Isendlalelo

Kuze kufike enyakeni ka-2020 ukunyuka kwamazinga omoya odala ukushisha emhlabeni oqhamuka ezimbonini ezinkulu kudale ukunyuka kwesimo sokushisa emhlabeni. Lokhu kudale nokuthi kuncibilike amaqhwa asezindaweni ezihlezi zinamaqwa bese kunyuka amanzi olwandle.[7][8] Izenzo zabantu zidale ukuthi ezemvelo zivithike ngezindlela eziningi.

Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ubhubhane  lwe-COVID-19 bekune migomo ebekelwe ukulwa nobhubhane okubalwa kuyo ukuzivalela kwabantu nokuqhelelana nomphakathi.[9] Abacwaningi abebesebenza ngokuhlukana ngaphambi kokuvuka kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, bagcizelelile ukuthi  kufanele kwehle ukusebenza kwezimakethe ukuze kwehle ukushisa komhlaba, nokungcola komoya nolwandle, okuzodala ukusimama kwezemvelo.[10][11]

Ukungcola komoya  

Izindawo eziningi zehlelwe amazinga omoya ongcolile ngenxa yomthelela wokuqubuka kwe-COVID-19 embonini yezokuthutha.[12] Ukwehla komoya ongcolile kungehlisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye negcuphe yokuthola i-COVID-19 kodwa akukabonakali ukuthi ikuphi ukungcola komoya okunomthelelaekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ne-COVID-19. Indawo yezocwaningo ebizwa nge-Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air ibike ukuthi izindlela zokuvimba ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane le-COVID-19[13] njengokuzivalela endlini nokuvalwa kokuhamba kwabantu kube nomphumela wokwehla ngamaphesenti angu-25 omoya odala ukushisa emhlabeni eShayina [14][15] Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuvalwa kwezwe, iShayina yakhipha umoya ongcolile owehle ngezigidi zezigidi ezingu-200 (200 million) uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka ka-2019, lokhu kudalwe ukwehla kwezinga lezindiza, ukuhlanzwa kukawoyela nokusetshenziswa kwamalahle.[16] USarah Ladislaw ophuma e-Center for Strategic & International Studies uthe ukwehla kwalamazinga ngenxa yokuvalwa kwezimakethe akumele kubonakale njengento enhle ngoba iShayina izimisele ukubuyela endleleni ebiyenza ngayo okuzokwenza isimosezemvelo sibe sibi kunakuqala.[17]  I-European Space Agency ibone ukwehla kwamazinga kwentuthu yezimoto nasezimbonini ezikhiqizayo endaweni yase-Po Valley enyakatho ne-Italy kusukela kumhla ka-1 kuMasingana(Januwari) kuya kumhla ka-11 kuNdasa(Mashi) 2020. Lokhu kwehla kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwezwe.[18]

i-NASA  ne-ESA  babone ukuthi amazinga omoya ongcolile ehle kakhulu ngesikhathi ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lusaqala eShayina. Ukuvalwa kwezimakethe kwehlise amazinga okungcola ngamaphesenti angu-25[19][20]  ikakhuluka0zi emadoolobhaneni afana ne-Wuhan. i-NASA isebenzisa isipopolo sokuhlola umkhathi i-ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) ukubheka ukuthi umkhathi nokungcola kuwona. Lesi sipopolo sisize ukuthi i-NASA ikwazi ukuthola lemibiko engena emva kokuvalwa kwamazwe.[21]

Ezasolwandle

Ukuthengwa kwezinhlanzi namanani azo kwehlile ngenxa yalolu bhubhane,[22] nemikhumbi yokudoba eminingi ihleli ayisebenzi.[23] U-Rainer Froese uthe izinhlanzi zizokwanda olwandle ngenxa yokuthi azisadotshwa, wabikezela ukuthi kuzonyuka amabanga ezinhlanzi ezifana ne- herring olwandle lwase Yurophu ziphindeke kabili ngesibalo.[24]  

Izimpawu zokulunga kwezasolwandle zisengama hemuhemu kusukela kuNdasa 2020. [25]

Ucwaningo nentuthuko

Yize kunokwehla kwamazinga okungcola komoya, isigungu esibizwa nge-International Energy Agency siqwashise ukuthi umonakalo odalwe ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kungadala ukuthi izinkampani zingazitshali izimali embonini yokonga ugesi ebizwa nge-green energy.[26][27][28] Kodwa ke, ukuzivalela kwabantu sekuthuthukise imithetho yokusebenzela ekhaya.[29][30] Ukusetshenziswa kwezembozo zobuso ezilahlwayo sekube nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo ngokwandisa umthwalo wemfucuza kaplastiki emhlabeni.[31]


I- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) imemezele ukuthi ukwehla kokuhamba ngezindiza emhlabeni wonke jikelele ngenxa yalolu bhubhane kungenza ukuthi ababhula isimosezulu babikezele kangcono. Lokhu kudalwa ukuthi ukuhamba kwezindiza ezithwala abantu kwehlihle kanti ikhona okusebebenzisa i-Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) kakhulu, okuyiyona enomthelelwa ekubhulweni kwesimo sezulu. i- ECMWF yaqagela ukuthi indawo ehanjwa i- AMDAR izokwehla ngamaphesenti adlule kwangu-65 ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo sezindiza.[32]

Ezepolitiki

Inkomfa ebizwa nge-2020 United Nations Climate Change Conference ihlehliselwe u-2021 emva kokuthi indawo ebizobanjelwa kuyona iphendulwe isibhedlela salolubhubhane. Le nkomfa ibibalulekile ngoba bekulindeleke ukuthi amazwe azophonsa azokwenza esivumelwaneni sase-Paris. Lolu bhubhane luvimba nokuthi amazwe akwazi ukucobelelana ngolwazi ngokubhekana nalolu bhubhane.[33]  Iphepha  bhuku i-Time ikuveze ukuthi isifiso sokuqala phansi umnotho womhlaba wonke kungenzeka sinyuse umoya odala ukushisa emhlabeni. Kodwa ke umphathi we- International Energy Agency uthe ukwehla kwamanani kawoyela ngesikhathi sokuwa kwezimakethe kungaba isikhathi esihle sokwehlisa izikweletu zikawoyela ongaphansi komhlaba.

Okungahle kwenzeke uma izinto zibuyela esimeni sazo

Ukuvulwa kwezimboni ezikhipha umoya ofudumeza umhlaba kanye nezokuthutha kulinganiselwe nokuthi kube nomthelela wokunyuka komoya ofudumeza umhlaba kunokuthi kuwehlise emva kokuvalwa kwamazwe ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 .[34][35][36]

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Umthelela wegciwane le-COVID-19 esimeni semvelo

Reference List