Umfundisi (ofushaniswe njengo " Pr " noma " Ptr " {singular}, noma " Ps " {plural}) ungumholi webandla lamaKrestu futhi onikeza izeluleko nezeluleko kubantu abavela emphakathini noma ebandleni. KumaLuthela, ubuKhatholika, i- Eastern Orthodox, i- Oriental Orthodoxy ne- Anglicanism, njalo kugcotshwa abefundisi. KwiMethodism, abefundisi bangavunyelwa noma bagcotshwe.
Abefundisi kufanele baziphathe njengabelusi ngokunakekela umhlambi, futhi lokhu kunakekelwa kufaka nokufundisa.ITestamente Elisha lisebenzisa amagama athi "ababhishobhi" ( Izenzo 20:28 ) nelithi " presbyter " (1 Peter 5: 1) ukukhombisa ubuholi obumisiwe ebuKristwini bokuqala.Ngokunjalo, uPetru uyalela lezi zinceku ukuba "zenze njengabelusi" njengoba "ziqondisa" umhlambi kaNkulunkulu (1 Pet. 5: 2).Amagama athi "umbhishobhi" nelithi "presbyter" kwesinye isikhathi ayesetshenziswa ngendlela eshintshanayo, njengakuThithu 1: 5-6.Kodwa-ke, kunokungqubuzana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwamagatsha obuKrestu ngokuthi kukhona yini amakilasi amabili agcotshiwe (ama-presbyter nabadikoni) noma abathathu (ababhishobhi, abapristi, nabadikoni). Umbono wokuqala uqinisekiswa yiPresbyterian Church.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaKristu amaRoma Katolika, amaPheresiya, ama-Orthodox aseMpumalanga, amaOrthodox aseMpumalanga, iMoravian, iScandinavia iLuthela, i-Anglican, ne-Old Catholic, amasiko agcina umbono wakamuva futhi aqinisekisa imfundiso yokulandelana kwabaphostoli.
Lawa magama achaza umholi (okungukuthi, umbhishobhi), ogcina ukubheka ngokucophelela izidingo zokomoya zawo wonke amalungu omhlambi (okusho, umfundisi).Umuntu kufanele ahlangabezane neziqu zemibhalo (1 Thimothewu 3: 1-7; Thithu 1: 5-9).Kwamanye amaProthestani, noma ngabe abizwa njengomdala, umbhishobhi, noma umfundisi, lawa magama achaza inkonzo efanayo esontweni.ESontweni lokuqala, indoda kuphela ebingaba ngumongameli, kepha amahlelo amaningi amaProthestani ngekhulu le-19 nele-20 ashintshile avumela abesifazane ukuba babe ngabefundisi.Noma ngabe ungowesilisa noma owesifazane, lo muntu kufanele abe mdala futhi abe nolwazi kwezokholo (okungukuthi, umdala), umuntu owenza izinqumo, nomphathi wezindaba zesonto.
Igama "umfundisi" lisuselwa kusibizo sesiLatini pastor okusho ukuthi " umalusi " futhi lisuselwa esenzweni pascere - "ukuholela emadlelweni, usethelwe emadlelweni, kubangele ukudla".Igama elithi "umfundisi" libuye lihlobene nendima yokuba ngumdala ngaphakathi kweTestamente Elisha, futhi liyafana nokuqonda kweBhayibheli ngomfundisi . Igama elithi Pastor, Shepherd, nelithi Elder zonke zinendawo efanayo.Igama elithi "Umfundisi Omkhulu" alikho emibhalweni, kepha - emasontweni anezisebenzi eziningi - lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhomba umfundisi oshumayelayo.Amasonto amaningi amaProthestani abiza abefundisi babo ngokuthi “abefundisi”.
Ukusetshenziswa kwaleli gama namuhla kususelwa esiqhathanisweni seBhayibheli sokwalusa.I weBhayibheli wesiHebheru (noma eTestamente Elidala) isebenzisa isiHebheru izwi רעה ( roʿeh ), esetshenziswa njengebizo njengakwi "malusi", nanjengesenzo njengokuthi "ukwalusa umhlambi."Livela izikhathi ezingu 173 e 144 amavesi iTestamente Elidala futhi siphathelene yokudla ongokoqobo yezimvu, njengasezulwini Genesise 29: 7.Ngo Jeremiya 23: 4, kokubili nezincazelo esetshenziswa (ro'im isetshenziselwa "Abelusi" futhi yir'um ngoba "iyakudla kubo"), "Ngiyobeka up abelusi phezu kwabo lapho iyakudla kubo: zesabe zingabe zisaba khona, futhi zingethuki, futhi azisayikuba khona, ”usho uJehova.( KJV ).
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Izinguqulo zesiNgisi zeTestamente Elisha zivame ukuhumusha igama lesiGreki elithi ποιμήν ( poimēn ) njengo "malusi" kanye nesenzo sesiGreki esithi ποιμαίνω ( poimainō ) njenge- "feed".La magama womabili avela kaningi kuma-29 eTestamenteni Elisha, avame ukubhekisa kuJesu.Isibonelo, uJesu wazibiza ngokuthi "uMalusi Omuhle" kuJohane 10:11.Amagama afanayo endabeni ejwayelekile kaKhisimusi ( uLuka 2) abhekisa kubelusi boqobo.
Ezindimeni ezinhlanu zeTestamente Elisha, amagama ahlobene namalungu esonto:
- Johane 21:16 - UJesu watshela uPetru : "Yondla izimvu zami"
- Izenzo 20:17 - uMphostoli uPawuli ubiza abadala bebandla lase- Efesu ukuba bazonikeza inkulumo yokugcina; kuzEnzo 20:28, ubatshela ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele ubenze ababonisi, futhi kufanele bondle ibandla likaNkulunkulu.
- 1 KwabaseKorinte 9: 7 - UPawulu uthi, ngaye nangabaphostoli: "ngubani owondla umhlambi, angadli ubisi lomhlambi?"
- Kwabase-Efesu 4:11 - UPaul wabhala "Futhi wanika abanye, abaphostoli, abanye abaprofethi, abanye abavangeli; abanye abefundisi nabafundisi;"
- 1 Peter 5: 1-2 - UPeter utshela abadala phakathi kwabafundi bakhe ukuthi kufanele, "bondle umhlambi kaNkulunkulu ophakathi kwenu, niwuphathe"
Ababhishobhi bezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ngokuvamile banecala esisemthethweni crosier ngesimo a eliqoshiwe umalusi ka- kwengobe njengoba iwuphawu wokwelusa / imisebenzi yabo yokwalusa.
Cishe ngo-400 AD, uSanta Augustine, umbhishobhi ovelele wase-Afrika ongumKatolika, wachaza umsebenzi womfundisi:
Abaphazamisi kumele bakhuzwe, abakhuthazekile kumele bakhuthazwe, abagulayo baxhaswe, abaphikisi baxoshwe, abakhohlisayo bagadwe, abafundile abangafundile, abavilaphayo bavuswe, ababangayo bavinjelwe, abacindezelwe abazidlayo, ababekiwe bathuliswe, abampofu bakhululwe, abacindezelweyo bakhululiwe, abalungile bavunyelwa, ububi bathwalwa ngabo, futhi bonke bayathandwa. [1]
UbuKatolika
E- United States, igama elithi umfundisi lisetshenziswa ngamaKhatholika kulokho kwamanye amazwe akhuluma isiNgisi abizwa ngokuthi umpristi wesifunda .Igama lesiLatini elisetshenziswe ku-Code of Canon Law yi- parochus.
UbuLuthela
ISonto LaseSweden linezinkonzo eziphindwe kathathu zombhishobhi, umpristi, nedikoni futhi labo abagcotshelwe isikhundla sikamongameli kuthiwa ngabapristi bamaLuthela. [2]E- Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, o-presbyter abagcotshiwe kubhekiselwa kubo ngezincwadi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezaseFinland, njengabefundisi, [3] [4] noma abefundisi.E-United States, izinkolo ezifana neLuthela lamaLuthela – iMissouri Synod, zisebenzisa amagama athi umfundisi nelithi umfundisi ngokushintshana kumalungu agcotshiwe abefundisi.
UMbhaptizi
Igama elithi "umfundisi", emabandleni amaningi aseBaptist, lingelinye lamahhovisi amabili esontweni, idikoni ngelinye, futhi libhekwa lifana nelithi "umdala" noma "umbhishobhi" (noma emasontweni amaReformed Baptist, abadala bahlukile Ihhovisi). [5]
Emasontweni amakhulu anabasebenzi abaningi, "uMfundisi oMkhulu" uvame ukubhekisa kumuntu onikeza izintshumayelo isikhathi esiningi, nabanye abantu baneziqu eziphathelene nemisebenzi yabo, isibonelo "Worship Pastor" yomuntu ohola ukucula. [6]
Indlela
Ama-Methodist ase-United agcotshwa ehhovisi ledikoni nomdala, ngamunye wabo angasebenzisa isihloko sobufundisi kuye. Ama-United Methodists abuye asebenzise igama lomfundisi kubafundisi abangagcotshiwe abanamalayisense futhi abaqokelwe ukukhonza ibandla njengomfundisi wabo noma umfundisi ohambisana nabo, ovame ukubizwa njengabefundisi bendawo abanamalayisense.Laba befundisi kungenzeka kube ngabantu abangafundile, abafundela ubufundisi, noma abathweswe iziqu kuhlelo lokugcotshwa, futhi abakwazi ukwenza noma yimiphi imisebenzi yabefundisi ngaphandle kwenkokhelo lapho beqokelwe khona.
Umvuseleli
Amanye amaqembu namuhla abheka umfundisi, umbhishobhi, nomdala njengamagama afanayo noma amahhovisi; abaningi abakwenzayo bavela kuMbuthano Wokubuyiselwa eMelika ngekhulu le-19, njengabaFundi bakaKristu kanye namaChurch of Christ .
Ezinye izinkolo seziqalile ukusebenzisa igama elithi Pastor ukuthola owabo umholi ogcotshiwe webandla njengo "Buddhist pastor".
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